In 1368, the Yuan Dynasty, the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in Chinese history, was overthrown by a peasant uprising led by Zhu Yuanzhang and others, but the Yuan Dynasty did not completely perish, but only lost a large area of territory in the Central Plains, and they fled to the Mongolian plateau under the leadership of their leader, the last emperor Yuan Shun, and thus became the Northern Yuan regime.
Genghis Khan's direct descendants are known as the Golden Family, which has the right to rule the Mongol tribes, and even after the disappearance of the Northern Yuan, they have always fantasized about one day making a comeback and restoring the hegemony of their ancestors, especially after the 35th Great Khan Lin Dan ascended the throne, he was even more ambitious and intended to make a comeback, but in the end, many rebels fled to Qinghai, and his tribe was soon destroyed by the Manchu Qing.
When Lin Dan ascended the throne, there were 13 Mongol tribes under his command, and the power could not be said to be weak. But in the end, these tribes all allied themselves with the Mongol enemy, the Manchu Qing, and attacked Lin Dan, what was the reason for this?
First, unauthorized reform has hurt everyone's heart.
Huangjiao comes from Tibetan Buddhism, is the late 16th century, early 17th century Mongolian state religion, also known as Gelugism, the founder of The Yellow Sect Selong Shenggen Wengshu is known as the tenth generation of rooting living Buddhas, also revered as the Mongolian national teacher, so Huangjiao is deeply rooted in Mongolia.
However, in 1617, Lin Dan ignored the opposition of his people and used an executive order to force everyone to convert to the Sakya Red Sect.
Lin Dan's behavior caused a crisis of trust in him, and also weakened the cohesion of the Great Khan, laying the groundwork for the future separation of the tribes.
Second, there is no national policy, and people are used as guns.
A great leader must be far-sighted and have his own basic national policy. This national policy must be far-sighted and has a set policy.
However, Lin Dan, as the Great Khan, did not specify a long-term strategy, but only looked at the eyes of the rats and coveted the small profits of the fly.
A country should be more cautious in launching a war, and every step must be careful and cautious.
However, Lin Dan fought very rashly, gambling with the lives of Mongolian soldiers, being used by others, and using them as guns.
Lin Dan went to war with Hou Jin, not out of the long-term interests of the country and without established strategic goals, but was tempted by Daming's money and started a war.
In 1619, Lin Dan reached an agreement with the Ming Dynasty to help the Ming Dynasty guard Guangning at a cost of 40,000 taels of silver per year.
How can one country's army, which has no long-term strategic goals of its own, become a mercenary of another country and trade the lives of warriors for growth? How not to chill the tribes?
Third, not handsome, fighting straw bale one.
There is a law in nature that the strong are respected, even if Lin Dan is unjust and everyone is dissatisfied, as long as he has a set of battles, the army has combat effectiveness, forced by deterrence, even if everyone is dissatisfied, they will obey Lin Dan in action.
However, Lin Dan had no military talent, and there were few victories in the battle with the Houjin army, so that the leaders of various tribes looked down on him, everyone could not be convinced of him, they did not look favorably at all, and there was no future in mixing with him, how could everyone bet on Lin Dan here?
In 1621, Lin Dan Khan ordered the minister in charge of the 30,000 households of the Mongolian left wing, Sirhunak Dulenhongtaiji, to lead 2,000 cavalry such as Nekar Kzoriktu, Dalhan Batur, and BahadarHan to Shenyang, engaged the Houjin soldiers, did not take advantage of any advantage, and also asked the five departments of The inner Khalkha to send 10,000 heads of livestock, and redeemed the previously detained emissary Zaisai from Nurhaci.
In the first month of 1622, Guangning was in a hurry, and Lin Dan, who had spent hundreds of thousands of taels of silver in the Ming Dynasty as an umbrella, saw that Guangning was powerless to fall. Lin Dan nested like this, how can he be qualified to be the boss?
Fourth, the personality is suspicious, and the outside must first be inside.
After the Battle of Quang Ninh, Lin Dan's prestige was swept away, and Nurhaci adopted a policy of division and disintegration against the Mongols.
Lin Dan was faced with such a grim situation, and he should have united all the forces that could be united with the greatest sincerity and broad mind. At the same time, we should strengthen the management of the armed forces, enhance their combat effectiveness, and restore confidence in themselves.
However, he was blind and eager to vigorously maintain his rule, and he said sternly: Daming in the south is an emperor, and we in the north of Mongolia must also unite around me. ''I should be in the middle first, and then outside.'' ''
Therefore, Lin Dan had a small belly, seized on the marriage between Nekarkha and Houjin, the oath of alliance, etc., reprimanded the minister Silhunak Dulen Hongtaiji for not being able to regulate himself, and finally even suspected that he had secretly contact with Nurhaci; and planned to preemptively take necessary measures against Sirhunak Dulen Hongtaiji and other ministries.
This stupid practice of raising soup to stop boiling is counterproductive, which is equivalent to driving away the fish in the abyss and driving the birds from the bushes, forcing everyone to throw themselves into the arms of the enemy and strengthening Nurhaci's ranks.
In addition, Lin Dan's violent personality is also a major reason why he can't be without cohesion.
The Mongol feudal lords complained to Houjin about the sins of Lin Dan Khan, one of which wrote: "Because of this evil Chahar Khan's temperament, he was extremely harmful to everyone, and even the clan would never belong to him until he died to the end of his life."
Because Lin Dan had no military talent, lacked strategic vision, and did not have the capacity to tolerate people, he broke a good hand of cards, turned his heroic and belligerent compatriots into his own enemies, and finally rebelled and left, embarking on the road of desperation. Ironically, the main force of the 100,000 troops who forced themselves to the brink of extinction was none other than their Mongol brothers.