Wen | Ti Duo
According to legend, Genghis Khan's 11th grandmother, Alain, after feeling the light of the "golden gods", gave birth to three sons, who were called "Mongolians of pure birth".
As a result, their family was known as the "Golden Family", of which Genghis Khan was a descendant, born in a Mongol tribe called the "Boer Zhijin" clan.
At that time, there were many tribes on the Mongolian plateau that were independent, and it was Genghis Khan who unified them, and it was he who made the Golden Family famous.
As the saying goes: "The great things in the world will be united for a long time, and they will be divided for a long time." ”
Mongolia did not leave this cycle, after more than 2 centuries of integration, Mongolia was divided again, the two tribes of the east and the west were often sword and arrow, and the people were in deep trouble.
The Eastern Tribe was ruled by Manduru and his nephew, and the two listened to the rumors of the Taishi and became infighting, he killed his nephew, causing intra-clan unrest, and he himself died in the chaotic battle.
During Mandulu's reign, he did not give birth to a single heir, and his death caused the entire tribe to have no one to inherit the Khan's throne and the dragons were leaderless.
At such a crucial moment, the marriage of Manduru's widow, Manduhai, rose to an important political question: whoever could marry her would be the future Khan.
Why?
Ancient nomadic peoples had a tradition called "succession marriage", which is recorded in the "Chronicle of the Xiongnu": "When a father dies, his wife and his mother die; when a brother dies, he takes his wife and wife." ”
It is said that after the death of her husband, a woman cannot remarry to another tribe, but can only belong to her own clan like her husband's financial inheritance.
A widow can marry any male in the family of a deceased husband, as long as she is not her own son, and Manduhai is exactly like this, to be inherited as an inheritance.
After the death of the Great Khan of Manduru, according to normal procedures, whoever becomes the new Great Khan can inherit his wife Manduhai and his property.
But the problem is that Manduru has no heirs, no next generation who can inherit the Khan's throne, and in this awkward situation, things turn out to be that whoever marries Manduhai, the wife of the previous Great Khan, can become the new Great Khan.
In this way, the temptation of power made many people eager to try the throne of the Great Khan, and they all offered their courtesy to Manduhai and rushed to propose marriage to her.
Manduhai did not look at their sugar-coated shells in the eyes, and even in the face of the most superior and heavily armed King Horqin, she did not move.
She said to king Korqin:
"Can the inheritance of the master (Genghis Khan) be inherited by the descendants of Hassal (Genghis Khan's brother)?" Can the heirs of Hazar be inherited by the descendants of the master? There are doors that cannot be pushed open, and there are thresholds that cannot be crossed. The descendants of the master are still alive, forgive me for not being able to obey. ”
Why did Manduhai, in the face of so many strong kings, not the slightest fear, still dare to defend the inheritance of the Golden Family, who gave this widow the courage?
Because she believed what Genghis Khan once said: "Instead of lamenting your own destiny, believe in your own strength." "She has always made it her mission to unify Mongolia and restore the Great Yuan Dynasty.
She vowed to preserve the lineage of the Golden Family, that is, only the descendants of Genghis Khan became the Great Khan to ensure the stability of the whole of Mongolia.
The heirs to the Khan's throne have always been descendants of Genghis Khan's golden family, and once the Khan's throne falls into the hands of outsiders, someone will take advantage of this to tear Mongolia apart and sword soldiers.
After all, after experiencing the massacres of other tribes, the Golden Family was already weak, and if at this time, outsiders ascended to the throne of the Great Khan, the war would put the Golden Family in danger.
At this moment, Mandu hai was full of struggles in her heart, and she thought to herself: "Only by hardening her scalp and sacrificing her own safety and reputation can we exchange for the stability of the entire tribe." ”
Manduhai's mind was thinking quickly, she remembered a person who was in line with the status of the successor Khan, who was wandering outside, and she was determined to find the only descendant of the Golden Family.
After Manduhai's unremitting efforts, she found her great-grandson Batu Monk, a 4-year-old child who had become a beggar living on the street after his father's death and his mother was robbed.
Manduhai told everyone that he was going to marry Batu Mengke, so the only descendant of Genghis Khan was elected as the new Great Khan, who was known as Dayan Khan, the little prince in the history of the Ming Dynasty.
The 4-year-old child only has the identity of the Great Khan, but does not have the strength to compete with other tribes, and in order to help Dayan Khan stabilize the Khan's position, Manduhai takes him with him to sweep away those enemies.
The first battle was fought by the Manchu Sea's enemies of the Golden Family, the Wei Lat tribes, and the Mongols were a people on horseback, and natural battles were all horseback archery.
Since he was a pro-conquest, then Dayan Khan also had to go to the battlefield, but he was too small to ride a horse, and Manduhai put him in the quiver, which was safe and easy to carry.
It can be imagined how difficult it is for a Mongolian woman to go into battle and kill the enemy in such a costume, riding a high-headed horse, holding a large knife, carrying a bow and arrow, and carrying a young child in her arms.
However, these difficulties did not overwhelm manduhai, on the contrary, they inspired her bravery and allowed her to lead her subordinates to fight the battlefield.
She wielded the saber in her hand and slashed at the enemy, even if in the fierce battle, the helmet was cut off by the enemy, still scattered her hair, continued to kill the enemy, never went to the battlefield.
The enemy on the opposite side saw that such a brave leader was actually a woman, and could not help but secretly admire it, and directly threw a helmet at Mandu Hai.
Mandu Hai did not care, put on his helmet, and rushed to the front of the battle, which also made the morale of his subordinates high, and it did not take long for them to return victoriously, not only surrendering 40,000 Wei Lat people, but also expropriating countless treasures.
This battle is recorded in the book "Genealogy of the Mongol Borzigit" as follows:
"Mandu Haisaiyin Hatun (Hatun) pro-commanded cavalry, so that the Alaitong of the Keshikten (Keshketeng) department opened the way to the land of Tespurdu, fought against Willat (also translated as Weyrat), won a great victory, and obeyed its forty thousand Willats. He ordered the willat generals to: Thereafter, the house was reluctant to call the temple, the crown was not allowed to be more than four fingers long, the usual kneeling was not allowed to sit, the meat was allowed to be cut, and the name of "Usuk" (yogurt) was changed to "Zag". His men knelt down with a meat-eating knife and asked, And promised, and the rest of the day. Willett is still practicing it today. ”
The translation is: Lady Manduhai personally led the troops, defeated the Verats, and modified their habits, and until now the Veyrats still maintain these changed habits.
Fame in the First World War, which did not satisfy Manduhai, she wanted to take advantage of the victory to pursue, help Dayan Khan avenge his father's revenge, and add another force for him to sit in the Khan's seat.
The enemy of the conquest was Master Gaslan, the bad guy who had provoked infighting between Manduhai's husband and Dayan Khan's father, and rumors had killed them both.
Manduhai first sent a minister to spy on the military, but unexpectedly, the cunning Taishi found that the situation was not right, and quickly summoned the army to prepare for the battle, but unfortunately, it was still one step later than Manduhai.
It turned out that Manduhai had issued a deployment in advance, and as soon as the minister set off on the front foot, she followed closely behind with a large army on the back foot, and raided the Taishi with lightning speed.
The exquisite strategy, coupled with the brave combat effectiveness, made the Taishi unable to resist at all, and a team was scattered in seconds, the soldiers fled in all directions, and the Taishi also fled in the crowd.
After counting the battlefield, she did not find the Taishi, and immediately sent someone to pursue, and soon, the fleeing Taishi was killed in the Beggars Depression.
Manduhai avenged himself and Dayan Khan for the blood sea, and at the same time, he subdued a large number of Taishi's men and horses, increased the manpower and financial resources of the tribe, and returned triumphantly.
Along with the victory, Mandu Hai thought that in order to keep the fruits of the victory and let Dayan Khan sit more securely, the two formally married was the best way.
So, when Dayan Khan was 7 years old, the 33-year-old Manduhai and his great-grandson held a wedding, and after the marriage, Manduhai continued to teach him while continuing to help Dayan Khan clean up the hostile forces.
After Dayan Khan came to power independently at the age of 17, he was able to unify southern Mongolia, which was another prosperity of Mongolia after the subversion of the Yuan Dynasty, so he was called "the lord of Zhongxing" by posterity.
Such success was naturally inseparable from the education of Manduhai, and Dayan Khan completely inherited her ideas of unifying Mongolia and restoring the Yuan Dynasty, and has been working hard for this goal.
After Dayan Khan took power independently, Manduhai completely retreated behind the scenes and no longer interfered in political affairs, and she was at ease to be the wife of Dayan Khan, giving birth to a total of seven sons and a daughter and eight children.
Manduhai's fertility, in ancient times when there was a lack of medical treatment and little medicine and an underdeveloped level of medicine, was really to be praised, not to mention that three of the eight children were twins.
At the same time, this also shows that although Manduhai and Dayan Khan are 26 years apart in age and are veritable old wives and young husbands, their feelings are still very good.
It is precisely because of Manduhai's retreat behind the scenes that future generations cannot understand how she died, so there is a lot of speculation.
Some people say that when she was pregnant with twins, she rode a war horse to bravely fight in the killing field, and later encountered danger when giving birth to a child; others say that she has been silently assisting Dayan Khan in the expedition, in order to cover him and die.
In any case, people's memories are full of praise for Manduhai's bravery, and there are few records in Han Chinese books about her history, and many people believe that Manduhai does not care about fame and fortune, and counts all the credit in the names of her two husbands.
Coupled with the difference in language habits between the Han and Mongolian people, the natural record is not comprehensive, but in the Mongolian books, the story of the Mongolian empress on the steppe is recorded in detail.
Manduhai is not only an important figure in preserving the succession of the Golden Family Khan, but also in her body, let us see the heroism of the Mongol ancestors.
In the past, Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian plateau, and then there was Manduhai to assist her little husband to realize Mongolian ZTE again, which made her full of admirable demeanor.
To this day, the story of the Mandu Sea is still there, and in order to commemorate the great Mongolian empress, a Mandu hai park was built on Ulanchabu West Road in Hohhot to commemorate her outstanding contribution to the reunification of Mongolia.
In the Mongolian chronicle Siraguj, Manduhai is praised as "a good lady full of wisdom and cleverness."
In the book "The Origin of Mongolia", the little Sa Nang Chechen praised the Mandu Sea as a rare hero in Chinese and foreign history, with foresight, profound righteousness, and both culture and martial arts.