Lushun, the southernmost point of the Liaodong Peninsula, is the regional center of the Yellow Sea, bohai sea and Bohai Strait. At the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, there are many large and small ports and harbors, which are clearly layered, and the stars surround Lushun like a moon, making Lushun naturally become a central port with the nature of a home port.
Lushun is a very famous military fortress since ancient times, Lushun is located in the northeast region connecting the Pacific Ocean at the forefront, is China's Yellow Sea, The Bohai Sea region of the important reliance on the sea military force, if the enemy attacks from the sea, Lushun relies on the Liaodong Peninsula as a countermeasure, from the land to attack, there are vast sea areas can be used as a barrier, thus forming a sea, land defense of the copper wall iron wall, highlighting the incomparable geographical advantages of Lushun home port.
Lushun is also an important sea passage from the Central Plains into the hinterland of northeast China, and also exercises the duty of guarding the gateway between Beijing and Tianjin, which is also the most important mission undertaken by Lushun. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Beiyang Minister Li Hongzhang spent ten years to build the Lushun Naval Base, making Lushun the world's first military port in the early 20th century, and even Japan's Yokosuka Military Port, pearl harbor in the United States, and St. Petersburg port in Russia were not as good as Lushun Port. At the end of the nineteenth century, Lushun had electric lights, telegraph offices, telephones, running water, and thousands of factories and merchants.
However, due to the corruption of the Qing government, after the construction of Lushun Port, it was successively occupied by the Japanese and Russians. After the September 18 Incident, Lushun was again occupied by the Japanese invaders, and the Economic Plunder of Lushun and Dalian by the Japanese colonial rulers was very serious, and many houses and land were forcibly occupied, resulting in the displacement and homelessness of a large number of ordinary people, and the Japanese army also forcibly abducted a large number of young and middle-aged laborers to build docks for the Japanese army, and there were military facilities in the port.
On August 9, 1931, 1.57 million Soviet Red Army launched an all-out attack on the Japanese Kwantung Army entrenched in the northeast of China, and the Japanese army was completely defeated. On August 22, 1945, in accordance with the provisions of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, the Soviet army advanced into the Brigade Region and disarmed the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in the Lushun area. On August 24, the first tank units of the Sixth Army of the Soviet Guards entered the Brigade Area, and the Airborne Troops of the Soviet Pacific Fleet also landed at Lushunkou, accepting the decades-long colonial rule of the Japanese imperialists in the Dalian area and declaring the liberation of Dalian.
In October 1945, the Soviet military management authorities contacted representatives sent by the Communist Party of China in Dalian, and then the Communist Party of China sent the secretary of the Dalian Municipal Party Committee, vice mayors and other personnel to start managing the government affairs in Dalian. During the Liberation War, the status of the brigade was relatively special, and due to the presence of the Soviet army, the Kuomintang army did not dare to bomb and harass, so the Northeast Field Army and the East China Field Army set up some logistics organizations here.
The East China Bureau also invested heavily in the establishment of a large military enterprise here, the Dalian Jianxin Company, which produced gunpowder and artillery shells that effectively supported the Huaihai Campaign and made great contributions to the liberation of the whole country.
Although the Soviet army helped China liberate Dalian, but this is after all China's territory, after the establishment of New China, immediately after the establishment of the Soviet Union negotiations, China is ready to take back the sovereignty of Lushun, Dalian and the Long-Term Railway. On December 16, 1949, Chairman Mao's special train arrived in Moscow and began his first trip to the Soviet Union. After two months of negotiations, the two sides finally signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance on February 14, 1950, and the Agreement on the Changchun Railway, Lushunkou and Dalian in China, which stipulated that the Soviet army would withdraw from the Lushunkou Naval Base by the end of 1952 at the latest and hand over the equipment in the area to the People's Republic of China.
The signing of the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance" completely recovered the special rights and interests of the Soviet Union in northeast China and ended the unequal treaty signed by the Chiang Kai-shek government in 1945, which will play an extremely important role in consolidating the regime of the newborn People's Republic of China and defending peace in the Asia-Pacific region and even the world.
However, the outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in 1950 interrupted the withdrawal of Soviet troops, when the PLA did not have a strong navy and air force, and could not ensure the safety of the brigade area, so China asked the Soviet side to suspend the withdrawal of troops, and wait for the navy and air force of the PLA to develop and then withdraw its troops, so as to avoid the US military from bombing this important military port.
In October 1950, the Chinese government asked the Soviets for help in training submariners, and the Soviets quickly granted the request. In the early morning of April 26, 1951, the special train of the Navy Submarine Study Team arrived at Dalian Station. Officers and men boarded ten large military trucks covered with canvas awnings and drove straight to a certain base in Lushunkou. After more than two years of training, the Soviets helped train the crew of four submarines.
On July 27, 1953, China, North Korea, and the United States signed the Korean Armistice Agreement at Panmunjom, North Korea, on July 27, 1953, and the Korean War, which had been fought for three years, finally ended, the situation on the Korean Peninsula tended to be stable, Chinese troops also withdrew from Korea one after another, and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Lushun became a matter of concern to both sides.
On September 29, 1954, Khrushchev led a delegation of the Soviet government to Beijing to participate in the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, during which Khrushchev also took the initiative to withdraw his troops from Lushun, and the two sides quickly reached an agreement to withdraw their troops before May 31, 1955. At this point, the time for the withdrawal of the Soviet army was finally determined, and Lushun finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.
From February 1955 onwards, the handover of equipment between the Chinese and Soviet forces was in full swing, and the receiving troops successively traveled to Lushun from all over the country. In March 195, Lushun Railway Station welcomed the first group of troops responsible for receiving, they were the officers and men of the Third Corps of the Volunteer Army who were directly drawn from the Korean battlefield to Lushun, and because the Soviet army occupied barracks, most of these officers and soldiers lived in warehouses, basements, and some in improvised tents.
The Soviet Army also opened more than 200 training courses, mainly in the technical training of commanders, staff officers, ordnance, tanks, communications, air defense, engineering, chemical defense and logistics services. Before the withdrawal, the Soviets helped China train more than 15,000 people, all of whom later became the technical backbone of the troops.
On April 24, 1955, the Sino-Soviet Joint Handover Committee signed the handover certificate, and the Chinese side paid to receive 1198 artillery pieces, 357 tanks and self-propelled guns, 328 aircraft, 78 water torpedo aircraft, 58 ships, 1684 evacuations, 35 radars, as well as airports, barracks, warehouses, hospitals, repair shops and other real estate handed over by the Soviet army without compensation.