Ancient Chinese imperial mausoleums are the residences of feudal emperors after their deaths, which belong to ceremonial memorial buildings, and in the minds of successive emperors, the mausoleum is the supreme, sacred and inviolable holy place. Successive emperors have spared no expense in manpower and material resources to build strong and magnificent mausoleums, so that they can still get the protection of the gods after death, so the tombs of ancient Chinese emperors have been overshadowed with a strong mysterious color, and there are still many mysteries that cannot be solved.
Located in Baoding City, Hebei Province, 15 kilometers west of the City of Yi county under the Yongning Mountain, the QingXi Mausoleum, is the mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty emperors, built 4 emperor mausoleums, 3 empress tombs, 3 concubine tombs, Wangye, Brother, Princess Garden 4 beds, the formation of 14 mausoleums, palaces, Yongfu Temple, Ya Office as a supplementary mausoleum building, an area of more than 800 square kilometers, is China's largest, most complete preservation, the most complete variety of Qing Dynasty royal mausoleums, is China's two thousand years of outstanding representatives of mausoleum architecture.
On March 4, 1961, the QingXi Mausoleum was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. On November 30, 2000, the Qing Dynasty Mausoleum was inscribed on the World Heritage List as part of the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Since 1980, the QingXi Mausoleum has been officially opened to the public, and countless Chinese and foreign tourists have come to see this large-scale royal tomb group every day, but there are still many unsolved mysteries about the Qingxi Mausoleum, waiting for people to study it in depth.
The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in China, with 12 emperors, 12 emperor mausoleums, 7 empress tombs, 10 concubines and a large number of princes, princes, princesses, nannies and other garden beds. The 12 imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty, except for the "Three Tombs of Shengjing", are distributed in the Qing Dynasty Tombs and the Qing Dynasty Tombs. The history of the construction of the 12 emperors' mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty is actually a history of the rise and fall of the Qing Dynasty, and the history of the emperor and his concubines.
The Qing Dynasty Tombs are one of the imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty, and were built in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730). From the middle of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, Yu Xu extended to the Republic of China. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), the Yongzheng Emperor specially selected the mausoleum site. It is the largest, most complete preserved, and the most complete type of ancient royal tomb in existence. This ancient tomb contains the Folklore "Changing the Edict and Usurping the Throne" of the Yongzheng Emperor, as well as the last imperial mausoleum in Chinese history, the only mausoleum built after the death of the Qing Dynasty, the Guangxu Emperor Ai Xinjue Luo Zaixiang and his Empress Xiaodingjing.
Why was the Yongzheng Emperor buried in the Qing Xi Mausoleum after his death, instead of being buried next to the Kangxi Emperor, the father of the Qing Dynasty? Located in the Qingxi Mausoleum in Yixian County, Hebei Province, the Qingtai Mausoleum is the joint burial mausoleum of the Yongzheng Emperor and his empress, which is the earliest, largest and most complete imperial mausoleum in the Qingxi Mausoleum, and is buried with the Yongzheng Emperor, Empress Xiaojingxian and the Noble Concubine of the Dunsu Emperor. Yongzheng's father was Kangxi, and some people said that Yongzheng tampered with Kangxi's will and stole the throne, and did not dare to bury him next to his father after death, so he had to choose another mausoleum site. Another theory is that the site of Yongzheng's mausoleum was originally selected in the Qing Dynasty Tomb Jiufeng Chaoyang Mountain, but he believed that "although the scale is large and the shape is not complete, the soil in the cave is covered with sand and stone, and it is really unusable", so the original site was abandoned. The Yongzheng Emperor analyzed the situation of the newly selected mausoleum site and believed that the bottom of the Yongning Mountain in YiXian was a "10,000-year-old auspicious land", and since then, the Qing Emperor has been buried in the two major mausoleums of Zunhua and Yixian East and West.
Where did the 1500 cubic meters of gold silk nan wood used in the Daoguang Emperor Muling come from? The Muling Tombs of the Qing Dynasty are buried with the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the smallest of the four imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty, and the appearance seems simple and simple, but it has the world's largest carved dragon gold silk Nanmu Hall. The wood used in the Muling Longen Hall and the East and West Side Halls are all precious golden silk nan wood, which is about 1500 cubic meters of golden silk nan wood. When Qianlong built the Yihexuan, due to the lack of nan wood, he could only use the method of using red pine as a pillar to outsource nan wood. When Jiaqing built the Changling Tomb, because he could not find a large piece of Nan wood, he had to replace it with the yellow pine of the paddock. Golden silk nan wood has always been loved by rulers, and most of the temples built are made of nan wood as raw materials, and after years of cutting, by the Qing Dynasty, the amount of nan wood has decreased sharply. The origin of this 1500 cubic meters of golden silk nan wood is still an unsolved mystery.
Netizens who have been to the Qing Dynasty And the Qing Dynasty Will Find that compared with the Imperial Tombs of the Ming Dynasty, the Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty also have the names of princesses and Brother Garden. "Mausoleum" is the tomb of the emperor, "bed" is the place where the soul of the emperor lives, "temple" is a place of worship and sacrifice, and the combination of the three constitutes the mausoleum system of the ancient emperors in China. "Death is like life" is the funerary concept of ancient Chinese emperors, not only to build a palace in the emperor's cemetery, to take care of life and living like before death, but also to set up a temple next to the mausoleum for worship and sacrifice.
In china's feudal society before the Qing Dynasty, the traditional concept of tomb hierarchy was only the difference between "mausoleum" and "tomb". As a special word, "mausoleum" can only refer specifically to the burial place of the emperor, and calling the tomb without authorization means trespassing. The emperor's tomb is called "mausoleum" (including mausoleum, garden bed, cemetery), in addition, even the tombs of princes and even princes, unless the imperial court is specially granted, can only be called "tomb". The term "garden bed" was first used in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. The original meaning refers to the tomb of the emperor, including two parts: "Garden Mausoleum" and "Sleeping Temple". "Garden Mausoleum" is a cemetery, and "Sleeping Temple" is a place of sacrifice, which is collectively called Garden Bed, Mausoleum, Garden Temple or Sleeping Garden. After the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the Customs, the "garden bed" was separated from the "mausoleum", and between the "mausoleum" and the "tomb", a "garden bed" was added, and the tombs of the emperor and empress were called "mausoleum" or "mausoleum", and the tombs of the clan nobles including the emperor's concubines and princes, princesses, and all other knighted nobles in the imperial family were collectively called "garden beds", which was different from the previous feudal dynasties. (Wang Jian'an Photography)