In October 1938, Qu Wu, who was mining in the Soviet Union, returned to Chongqing. When Jiang Chingguo learned that Qu Wu had returned to China, he lost his voice and wept bitterly, and hurriedly hugged Qu Wu and said, "Big Brother Jingwen! I can't stand you big brother! However, what Chiang Ching-kuo did not expect was that his eldest brother was a member of the Communist Party of China, who joined the Party twice in his life, and made outstanding contributions to the liberation of Xinjiang in the future, saving 131 CCP members.
But his friendship with Chiang Ching-kuo was not fake, in June 1987, when Chiang's father and son had already lost taiwan, at the age of 89, he went to Fenghua, Zhejiang Province, to visit the graves of the Jiang family. He said: "My brother can't come back in Taiwan, I'm the eldest brother, can't I sweep the grave for my brother?" ”
Qu Wu
Blood spattered the Presidential Palace
On July 16, 1898, a child named Qu Ru was born in the town of Xiayi in Weinan, Shaanxi Province, and later changed his name to Qu Wu. However, the heavens did not protect him, and when he was only 4 years old, he lost his parents bitterly, his father died of illness, and his mother became depressed, and then he drove the crane to the west. The three Qu Wu siblings had to rely on their elderly grandmother to live.
Fortunately, his uncle Guo Futang was the last ranked jinshi of the Qing Dynasty and once served in Yi County, Hebei. He admired Qu Wu very much and used his salary to support him to study and go to school. But in 1908, the 10-year-old Qu Wu also lost his uncle, and without money, he had to drop out of school and go home to work as a guy in the town's grocery store.
However, the people of the town of Xia Yi, where he was located, were fierce and fierce, and they were well known as "knifemen's nests". In 1911, the storm of the Xinhai Revolution swept through Shaanxi, and knifemen who learned of this poured into Yamen to join the revolution. Born brave, he also had no intention of being a buddy, and directly picked up a red gun and joined the camp of the insurgents.
Revolution
In February 1914, the Xinhai Revolution had long since ended, and Qu Wu, who was alone, walked 200 miles to Huashan Academy to study. After Qu Wu arrived at Huashan Academy, he was rejected because there was no tuition fee, and Qu Wu, in pursuit of the truth, knelt down and begged the dean to accept him, and the dean was also impressed by his sincere heart and promised him to fund the study.
However, this abbot "honored Confucius retro" and ordered that at the time of the birth of Confucius, all teachers and students would go to the Confucius Temple to pay homage to the sacrifice, and Qu Wu, who had participated in the uprising, although he respected his teacher, resolutely resisted this reactionary behavior.
Young Qu Wu
So when the brigade went to the Confucius Temple to sacrifice, Qu Wu called his friend Zou Jun, and the two jointly organized a football match, while shouting the slogan of "practice brass legs and iron feet, kick over Europe and the United States", while playing football on the field, attracting many people to watch and participate. When the dean learned of this, he was furious and scolded Qu Wu for being an ungrateful person, so some people also advised Qu Wu to admit his mistake, so as not to cause a disagreement between teachers and students.
Qu Wu said, "Mr. Guo is my mentor, and I will never forget it in my lifetime." However, promoting science and promoting democracy is the trend of the times, but Mr. Guo blindly respects the hole and reads the Bible, which is tantamount to maintaining feudalism. Even if you are denounced as a rebel, you will not hesitate to do so! ”
Young students give speeches at street rallies
In 1917, he graduated from Huashan Academy and was admitted to Xi'an Chengde Middle School. When the May Fourth Movement broke out in 1919, when the news of the failure of the Paris Peace Conference reached Xi'an, the students could not help their patriotism.
On May 16, the first student union in Xi'an was established at Chengde Middle School, and Qu Wu was the president at the time; on May 26, at the convocation of Qu Wu, all the students in Xi'an held a strike and led the students to the Provincial Department of Education and the Governor's Office to petition; on May 30, Qu Wu published the "Shaanxi Scholarly Circle Tongqi" in solidarity with the beijing strike; in early June, in order to prevent the Beiyang government from signing the Paris Peace Treaty, the Shaanxi Student Federation was established, and Qu Wu was recommended as the president.
On June 27, the question of shandong's whereabouts and retention had reached its final critical juncture, and at this time people from all walks of life had to fight to the death and fight a final battle, and Qu Wu also went to Beijing to join the revolutionary wave. At 2 p.m. on the same day, 7 social organizations and 500 representatives from all walks of life gathered at Xinhuamen and introduced 11 representatives, including Qu Wu, Wang Jun, and Zhao Yanwen, to meet With President Xu Shichang.
The Presidential Palace during the Beiyang period
Xu Shichang was forced to meet with the deputies for fear of the expansion of the matter, but evaded the students' demands on the way to the meeting, admonishing: "You should study with peace of mind and don't be too hasty." "This was followed by all sorts of perfunctory, hoping that the students would leave as soon as possible.
Qu Wu rushed to the hall indignantly and shouted at Xu Shichang: "Our country will be gone, and we will also act as slaves to the country." If we don't want Qingdao, if we don't want Shandong, it won't be long before we lose the whole north. Today's government is insensitive, throwing justice aside, and we can only fight with our lives! ”
Then Qu Wu fell to his knees, crying bitterly about the division of the motherland, the sound shook the roof tiles, and after seeing Xu Shichang's indifference, Qu Wu hit the wall with his head, and blood gushed out and spilled into the presidential palace...
Faced with pressure from all walks of life, Xu Shichang held an emergency meeting and agreed to the delegates' request, and the Chinese delegation in Paris refused to sign the Paris Peace Treaty. Afterwards, Qu Wu said of the past of the "blood-spattered presidential palace": "This is just a wave in the 'May Fourth' movement, there is nothing." ”
Paris Peace Conference
When Dr. Sun Yat-sen heard about this, he said: "Your patriotic actions and heroic feats in Beijing are unprecedented feats in the history of the student movement in our country. ”
Righteous knot Jinlan, the Soviet Union imprisoned
In early July 1919, Qu Wu came to Shanghai to visit Yu Youren, who was impressed by Qu Wu's patriotic feelings and youthful spirit, and he personally introduced Dr. Sun Yat-sen to Qu Wu, and soon after married his daughter Yu Zhixiu to Qu Wu.
Qu Wu and Yu Zhixiu
On October 6 of the same year, Chen Shufan, the overseer of Shaanxi, embezzled education funds, and Qu Wu organized students to carry out petition activities, but this action was brutally suppressed by Chen Shufan, and Qu Wu was unfortunately arrested. Chen Shufan then plotted to murder Qu Wu, but thanks to the help of people from all walks of life in Shaanxi, Qu Wu fled to Sanyuan County.
Sanyuan County was exactly the territory of Yu Youren, and Yu Youren saw that Qu Wu was more and more fond of it, so he included him in the government. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek did not have a trace, so he sent his son Chiang Ching-kuo to the Right Ren Mansion to seek relations.
In a mansion, Qu Wu and Chiang Ching-kuo got to know each other in this way, although the difference between the two was 12 years old, but the conversation was quite speculative, because the name of Xiao Jiang was "Jingguo", qu Wu's word was "Jingwen", Yu Youren felt that the two had a relationship, and with his permission, Qu Wu and Chiang Ching-kuo married Jinlan and became brothers to each other.
Young Chiang Ching-kuo
In 1924, Qu Wu entered the preparatory department of liberal arts at Peking University, where he was deeply appreciated by Li Dazhao and thus learned Marxism. The following year, through the introduction of Liu Tianzhang and Wei Yezuo, he became a member of the Chinese Communist Party.
In 1926, under the grant of Li Dazhao, Qu Wu went to Moscow to study at Sun Yat-sen University, and his class included Deng Xiaoping, Ulanfu, Fu Zhong, Yu Xiusong and 22 others, including his brother-in-law Chiang Ching-kuo. The two brothers spent time together day and night and formed a deep friendship.
However, only one year had passed, the political situation in China was reversed, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei wantonly sabotaged the Chinese revolution, the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation broke down, and when Qu Wu learned that Li Dazhao had been killed by warlords in Beijing, he wept bitterly and could not be calmed down for a long time.
Due to the influence of his father, Chiang Ching-kuo was sent to work in a factory in Siberia, and before leaving, Chiang Ching-kuo was worried that he could not withstand the severe cold, and Qu Wu immediately comforted him after hearing it, and also gave him the Harbin blanket sent by his father-in-law. But Qu Wu was about to have the same encounter.
From left, Chiang Ching-kuo and Qu Wu pose at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow
In 1928, Qu Wu went to study at the Frunze Military Academy, where he met Liu Bocheng, Zuo Quan and others. During this period, his wife Yu Zhixiu was arrested by the Kuomintang for the crime of "communism", and although Yu Youren loved his daughter with all his heart, he ignored his daughter considering his status as a Kuomintang elder. In the end, after Li Liejun came forward, He zhixiu was released on bail.
Frunze Military Academy
However, before being released from prison, she was forced to sever her relationship with Qu Wu, and when the news reached Moscow, Qu Wu had no choice but to endure a painful divorce.
In April 1930, Qu Wu married a local Nina girl in the Soviet Union. However, less than a week after their marriage, he received an order to return to the motherland with Liu Bocheng and others the next morning. Although he had just gotten married, Qu Wu heeded the party's call to pack his bags and prepare to return to China.
At the Moscow railway station the next day, Qu Wu, Liu Bocheng and others boarded the train to wait for the departure, and through the window Qu Wu recalled his wife who had never said goodbye. Qu Wu said to the tall middle-aged man, "Brother Bo Cheng, I forgot to tell my wife about my return to China, and I want to say goodbye to her." With that, he jumped and jumped.
At this time, the train was slowly moving, and Liu Bocheng could only give up when he could not recover it, but Qu Wu's jump allowed him to dig mines in the Soviet Union for seven or eight years.
After saying goodbye to his wife, Qu Wu immediately reported to the party organization and expressed his willingness to return to China to dedicate himself, but he was blocked by the Soviet Union, and he did not expect that the consequences of his one thought would be so serious. In late May, two Soviet soldiers broke into Qu Wu's home and arrested him.
Qu Wu's later years
Admiral Edman, the head of the school, personally interrogated Qu Wu, who he thought was suspicious of his sudden return to China, and actually suspected that he was a Japanese spy. During the six-month-long interrogation, they did not obtain a single piece of evidence, and finally sentenced him to 10 years of exile on trumped-up charges of "violating military discipline".
Murmansk is bordered by the Arctic Ocean, which is more than 300 kilometers deep into the Arctic Circle, and the living conditions are extremely harsh. From 1930 to 1937, Qu Wu "herded sheep in the North Sea" here, but he did not lose his fighting spirit, and he inspired himself with Stalin's famous saying that "Communists are made of special materials". Because of his excellent work, he was called a "model worker" and even served as a cultural commissioner to help spread knowledge.
Released back to China, undercover in Chongqing
In 1937, the Outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Qu Wu wanted to return to China many times to participate in the war, the former father-in-law Yu Right served as the president of the National Government Control Yuan, although there was no longer the name of husband, he still did not rest assured qu Wu, he negotiated with the Soviet Embassy to inquire about Qu Wu's recent situation, and the Soviet Union immediately released Qu Wu.
Qu Wu was overjoyed when he received the news, and he went to the CPC delegation to inquire about his return to China, and after the staff informed him that he knew Yu Youren's good intentions, and also told him that Yu Zhixiu had been waiting for him to return to China, hoping that they could put down their mustard and get back together. In October 1938, Qu Wu returned to Chongqing to live in Yu Youren's home.
When Jiang Chingguo heard the news, he hurriedly found Qu Wu, and as soon as he saw him, he hugged him and cried, "Brother Jingwen! I can't stand you big brother! This blanket is so important to me, and I will never forget your kindness. Later, Jiang Chingguo often mentioned this matter, and whenever he remembered that Qu Wu gave him a blanket and Qu Wu was frozen, Jiang Chingguo cried bitterly.
In the following years, with the support of Chiang Ching-kuo and the kmtant leadership, Qu Wu successively held important posts such as deputy director, director, and legislator of the Advisory Department of the Kuomintang Military Commission. But Qu Wu still did not forget that he was a communist, he was still a communist fighter.
Premier Zhou
In January 1939, the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was established in Chongqing, and Zhou Enlai went to Chongqing to work. Under the introduction of fellow villager Wang Bingnan, Qu Wu became acquainted with Premier Zhou. Qu Wu met Zhou Enlai at the Yanzhou Mansion and demanded the restoration of party membership, hoping to lead the army to restore the territory of the country like Liu Bocheng.
However, Zhou Enlai saw that Qu Wu had different advantages, because he was at the top of the Kuomintang, his father-in-law was in an important position, and he had close relations with Chiang Ching-kuo, and Premier Zhou proposed that he stand outside the party and do a good job in the work of the anti-Japanese national united front.
After hearing this, Qu Wu suddenly became enlightened, he was dedicated to the country, as long as he could fight the Japanese, he was willing to do so. At the same time, a large number of capitulation factions also appeared within the Kuomintang because of the defeat at the front, and Wang Jingwei was the representative figure. Qu Wu used his identity to appropriately influence the officials around him, telling them the real situation of the situation. In particular, his old father-in-law, Yu Youren, was not deceived again, and he did a lot of work for the anti-Japanese national united front in our country.
From left: Zhang Zhizhong, Zhou Enlai, Fu Zuoyi, Qu Wu
At the same time, Qu Wu did not forget the matter of restoring the party organization relations himself, and once again he put forward a request to restore the party organization relations, but because the Kuomintang reactionary forces were becoming more and more rampant, in order to protect Qu Wu, Premier Zhou had no choice but to reply: "In order to facilitate the development of the work of the upper echelons of the Kuomintang, it is better not to restore it for the time being."
But Chiang Kai-shek also sensed The threat of Qu Wu.
In March 1944, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly summoned Qu Wu and urgently ordered him to go to Shaanxi to serve as the director of a construction department without real power. Qu Wu refused to accept the order. When Chiang Kai-shek learned of this, he was furious on the spot, slapping the table with his hand and shouting, "This is the order!" ”
In desperation, Qu Wu had to find Chiang Ching-kuo, hoping that he could make Chiang Kai-shek retract the order. However, when he met Chiang Ching-kuo, the brother advised: "Now some people have denounced you for colluding with the Communist Party, secretly contacting the Soviet Union, and participating in secret organizations. “
After learning that he had been exposed, Qu Wu had no choice but to accept the order, bid farewell to Chiang Ching-kuo, and go to Shaanxi to serve as the nominal director of the construction department.
Enter Xinjiang to rescue and sweep the grave for his brother
However, he did not last long as director of the construction department before Qu Wu entered Xinjiang. In September 1944, there was a national uprising in Xinjiang, and the occupation of Ili, Tacheng and Altai was overwhelming, which is what we know as the "three-district revolution", and then the rebel army attacked Urumqi, and Xinjiang was shaken. After the efforts of all parties, General Zhang Zhizhong formed a "peace talk delegation" to go to the rebel army to negotiate, and before leaving, Zhang Zhizhong also specially brought Qu Wu with him.
As a member of the Communist Party, Qu Wu also had a special task, and before leaving, Premier Zhou specifically instructed Qu Wu to rescue the 131 CCP members who were imprisoned.
Yang Zhihua and Qu Duyi
In mid-November, Qu Wu went to Dihua No. 4 Prison to visit communists, among whom Qu Duyi's mother and daughter were among them, and qu Wu put forward six opinions in order to improve conditions:
1. Increase food;
(b) improve the sanitary environment and do not persecute them;
3. Activities in prison must not be restricted, and relatives may be allowed to reunite;
Fourth, ensure heating, increase cotton clothes, install stoves;
5. Provision of books;
6. Distribution of pocket money.
At this point, the prison environment was greatly improved, and then with the joint efforts of Zhang Zhizhong and Qu Wu, Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to order the release of the Communists, and at the time of parting, Zhang Zhizhong and Qu Wu also feasted on the CPC personnel, and when someone thanked Qu Wu, Qu Wu specially said: "You can be saved, first, thank Mr. Mao Zedong, second, thank Mr. Zhou Enlai, and third, thank Mr. Zhang Zhizhong." As for me just doing something that should be done, not enough to hang my teeth on. ”
On July 11, 1946, the 131 CCP members traveled more than 6,000 miles and arrived safely in Yan'an. It is also these people who have become the mainstay of our party after the founding of New China.
At the beginning of 1949, Qu Wu was transferred back to Chongqing, not because he got rid of his suspicions, but because the Kuomintang had already been defeated, and Li Zongren rushed to peace talks after coming to power, and gathered a large number of generals who were friendly with the Communist Party, including Zhang Zhizhong and Qu Wu.
Before the peace talks, Qu Wu also accompanied Zhang Zhizhong to Xikou to ask Chiang Kai-shek, who had "stepped down," for peace talks.
Beginning on March 3, Qu Wu lived in Xikou for eight days, and during these eight days he spent time with Chiang Ching-kuo and his wife day and night, talking about the past and the present, talking freely about his wife, parents, and universities and reviewing their campus life in the Soviet Union, as well as the recent negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the two sides were often red-faced, which the brothers had not had for more than 20 years.
On April 8, 1949, the Kuomintang Beiping Peace Talks delegation took a group photo at the Summer Palace. The third from the right in the front row is Qu Wu, the fourth from the right is Shao Lizi, and the third from the left is Liu Fei
Qu Wu persuaded, "'The one who knows the time is Junjie,' this is my eldest brother's advice to you. Compared with this sentence, when I sent you a blanket, it was already insignificant, and the friendship contained in this sentence was even deeper than that of the blanket. ”
Jiang Chingguo heard this and fell silent, and finally he said with a bitter smile: "Brother Jingwen, don't say it, I can't talk about you." ”
On April 1, 1949, Zhang Zhizhong and Qu Wu flew to Beiping, and after consultation between the two sides, they finally reached a "domestic peace agreement", and on April 16, Qu Wu returned to Nanjing with the "domestic peace agreement", but Li Zongren accused Qu Wu of being a traitor to the country, refused to sign the agreement, and at the same time a million male lions crossed the Yangtze River.
On December 10, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan by plane with Chiang Ching-kuo. Leaving the graveyard of Chiang Ching-kuo's biological mother in Fenghua, Zhejiang, Chiang Ching-kuo could no longer sweep the grave of his mother.
Yang Shangkun, second from the left, and Qu Wu, the third from the left, took a group photo in Guangzhou in 1980
Time has passed, at this time, the new China has been established, the people have also lived a stable and happy life, reform and opening up has also been carried out for 9 years, 89-year-old Qu Wu came to Fenghua, Zhejiang, he pushed open the door of the Jiang family, personally instead of his brother to visit the tomb. Some people criticized him for this, and Qu Wu said: "My brother can't come back in Taiwan, I am the eldest brother, can't I sweep the grave for my brother?" ”
On June 13, 1992, Qu Wu died in Beijing at the age of 94. His favorite words before his death were: "In the past, I was an adviser to the Kuomintang in the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party; if there is a third Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, don't forget me as an old man, I am willing to be an adviser to the CHINESE communist delegation!"