There are already many records in history about Zhuge Liang and his deeds, and he exists in history as an image of a loyal subject and a good face. For Zhuge Liang, some people are in awe of him; some people worship him; and some people express regret that he "died before he was born, and the hero was full of tears." Of course, there are also people who say that he is personal in everything, does not give up power, and so on.
Zhuge Liang's life was the life of the "second in command", he worked hard and dedicatedly in the position of "second in command", paid his own life of wisdom for Shu Han, and also achieved his own historical reputation.
Zhuge Liang stills
In any political interest group, the relationship stability of the first, second and third figures is very important, and it directly affects the stability of the group. When the balance of power is broken, something unexpected or difficult to control occurs.
Among them, the role of "second in command" below one person and above ten thousand people is the most difficult:
1. The "second-in-command" must not only obey the authority of the "first-in-command", but also fully display his talents, so that the "first-in-command" feels that you are worthy of this task.
2, if the "second in command" is too capable, it is easy to cause jealousy of others. But if the "second in command" is not done well, it is easy to be replaced by the people below.
That is to say, the "second in command" must not only protect themselves, but also beware of calculations in both the upper and lower directions; they must do their own work well, and they must also make achievements, and they cannot give people a handle. This is a dilemma position, throughout ancient Chinese history, the fate of "second-in-command" figures such as Xiang Xiang is not very good, and Li Si of the Qin Dynasty is an example.
Zhuge Liang's status as "second in command" began with Liu Bei's claim to the throne in 221 AD and lasted for 13 years until his death in Wuzhangyuan in 234 AD.
Now, let's take a look at how Zhuge Liang did a good job of "second in command".
Treat all people equally and respect leadership
It goes without saying that Zhuge Liang respected Liu Bei, who had a "noble" orthodox royal bloodline and a good reputation in society. In other words, Liu Bei is a banner for Zhuge Liang to realize his lofty ideals and ambitions. Without Liu Bei's appreciation, Zhuge Liang might have stumbled through the years.
Zhuge Liang is full of respect and gratitude for Liu Bei, and we can see some clues from the "Longzhong Pair" and the "Table of Teachers". Even after Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan, the "unsupportable Ah Dou", took the throne, he still did his best to assist Liu Chan, gave Liu Chan due respect, and tried to do a good job in the work of the "second in command" to repay Liu Bei's kindness.
In a political bloc, if the "number one" is weak and the "second leader" is strong, it will become a dangerous pattern full of variables. Examples of "second-in-command" challenging the authority of "first-in-command" have existed in all dynasties, such as during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom period, the infighting between the Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan and the Eastern King Yang Xiuqing was an important reason for the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Liu Bei's army defeated Eastern Wu and he died of illness in the White Emperor City, and the situation became very delicate. When the original "number one" died, there were many examples of the court's heavy courtiers bullying orphans and widows, such as the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, took advantage of the death of the Later Zhou Emperor Chai Rong, and the seven-year-old Chai Zongxun (Later Zhou Gong Emperor) succeeded to the throne.
In fact, Zhuge Liang not only did not bully or replace Liu Chan, but also truly achieved "bowing down and dying later", fulfilling his promise to Liu Bei, such a "second-in-command" is really rare in history.
Lead by example and subdue people with virtue
After Liu Bei's death, the new emperor Liu Chan was nominally the "number one". Zhuge Liang knew in his heart that no matter how faint Liu Chan was, no matter how capable he was, there was still a relationship between them and the courtiers, so Zhuge Liang no longer looked down on this "Ah Dou", even if Liu Chan gave the Holy Will, no matter what the content was, he could only obey the order.
In fact, when Zhuge Liang was in Chengdu, there was no big problem, but when Zhuge Liang was leading the troops, Liu Chan listened to someone say something, and suddenly came to say something, which made Zhuge Liang cry and laugh. For the emperor's orders, under normal circumstances, the general who leads the troops outside can say: "The general will be outside, and the king's order will not be affected", but in terms of Zhuge Liang's identity, status and character, he will not say this or do this.
If Zhuge Liang acted arbitrarily and did not put Liu Chan in his eyes, he would attract all kinds of unfavorable statements and speculations, and the regime of the Shu State would soon have unstable factors, which Zhuge Liang did not want to see the last thing, so Zhuge Liang's situation as the "second in command" was very delicate.
Fortunately, Zhuge Liang's life of high moral integrity is a well-known fact, when he was young, he did not covet fame and fortune to assist Liu Bei in the "Kuang Fu Han Room", and after leaving the mountain, he was even more "bowing down to the great cause of the Liu clan, and after death", as a Xiangguo, he had two sleeves and a clean wind and a frugal life.
Zhuge Liang once listed:
Liang zizi said: "There are eight hundred mulberry trees in Chengdu, fifteen acres of thin fields, children and children have food and clothing, and they have their own surplus." As for the ministers who are in foreign posts, there is no other dispatch, they carry food and clothing, they are all dependent on the officials, they do not rule others, and they are long in size. If on the day of death, there shall be no surplus within, but a surplus of money on the outside, and a loss for His Majesty.
"The family has a thin field, the family members renew themselves, and they are buried thinly after death", it is precisely because of Zhuge Liang's example and self-love that the Shu Han court has a relatively incorruptible scene.
Zhuge Liang's style of doing things with virtue has won the affirmation and admiration of people of all generations. He reconciled the relationship between the superior and the subordinate very well, and the result was that even liu Chan, the "number one leader," was reassured and respected by his colleagues, so Zhuge Liang's "second in command" work was done smoothly.
Outstanding political achievements are unparalleled
1. Zhuge Liang led by example and created a political atmosphere of honest government and public service, and officials of the Shu State took Zhuge Liang as an example, creating an era of honest government for officials to be honest and frugal.
2. Zhuge Liang demanded that legislation be open and law enforcement fair. He personally drafted dozens of legal provisions, including the "Eight Duties", "Seven Precepts", "Six Fears", "Five Fears" and so on.
3. According to the geographical conditions of Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang adopted a series of measures conducive to the development of production according to local conditions, such as reclaiming farmland, building water conservancy facilities, etc., and also invented tools such as wooden cattle and flowing horses.
4. Zhuge Liang is famous for his ability to govern the army, and he pursues the practice of ruling the army with great faith and emphasizing faith and righteousness. He also wrote many military works, such as "Southern Expedition", "Northern Expedition", "Northern Departure", etc., which have made certain contributions to China's military aspects.
5. Zhuge Liang also had a good performance in technological invention, such as improving the crossbow, deducing the art of war, making eight formations and so on.
Admirable personal cultivation
1. Zhuge Liang was also a scholar of high moral character and profound learning, and wrote works such as "The Table of Renunciation", "Caolu Pair", "Book of Commandments for Nephews", "General Garden", "Book of Commandments" and so on.
2, Zhuge Liang can write a variety of fonts, seal writing, eight points, cursive are very good.
3. Zhuge Liang is also proficient in musical rhythm and likes to play the piano and sing.
Yi Wenjun said:
As the "second in command", Zhuge Liang is willing, hard-working and resentful, he has been working in the position of "second in command" for more than ten years, and his noble character of "bowing down and doing his best, after death" has always been respected and remembered by people, and is a model for being a man.
If modern people want to make achievements in the position of "second in command", they can learn from Zhuge Liang's "second in command" style and make more efforts in virtue and political achievements.
"In the long river of history, there is the wisdom of our ancestors, looking at life through history, your life is your master", thank you for your attention!
Resources:
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
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