Sayings such as "descendants of the dragon" and "descendants of Yanhuang" must be familiar to everyone.
Why do Chinese call themselves "Descendants of Yan Huang"?
The origin of this title must be familiar to everyone.
According to legend, after the Shennong clan tasted hundreds of grasses and died, there was no common lord in the world for a long time, and the major tribes fought frequently, with countless deaths and injuries, and the people did not have a good life.
The Yellow Emperor Isrende, and Xuan You is cruel, thinking about the life of the world,
The Yellow Emperor unites with the Yandi tribe
He fought a war with the Jiuli tribe led by Xuan You, according to history
"Battle of Zhuolu"
。 And Xuan you suffered a crushing defeat, and the Yellow Emperor and the Yandi tribe won. The Yellow Emperor thus laid the foundation for the co-sovereign position of the world, and the initial prototype of the Chinese nation began to take shape. The results of this great war also greatly promoted the process of social transformation from primitive society to civilized society. Since then, China has gradually embarked
The path from tribe to nation.
I. The origin of the Battle of the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You
According to historical records,
They all have a tradition of honoring the Yellow Emperor and disparaging you
。 More typical is the explanation of the reason for the beginning of the "Battle of Zhuolu", such as the "Records of History": "Xuan you rebelled and did not use the emperor's order, so the Yellow Emperor was a prince of the conquest, and fought with Xuan You in the wilderness of Zhuolu." ”
What this passage means is,
Xuan was particularly unscrupulous and did not obey the king's orders, so the Yellow Emperor united with various tribes and sent troops to fight against Xuan You.
In the long-term historical development, all generations of history books have recorded this, which has caused a very serious ugly impact on the image of Xuan You. Especially in today's online literature.
Xuanyu has become synonymous with evil
。 However, this is not the case, according to the records before the search for Zhuolu, it can be known that since the death of shennong, there has been no co-lord in the world. Whether it was the Yellow Emperor or Xuan You, both of them were just tribal leaders, and there was no such thing as a co-lord. The reason for the conquest is that it is even more nonsense because of the cruelty of Xuanyu. Primitive society did not enter civilized society,
People live a primitive way of life.
With the benevolence and morality of civilized society, humanitarianism to demand the people of primitive society,
It is tantamount to demanding that the animals of the animal kingdom pay attention to fairness and justice
。 Therefore, this war does not matter at all about justice or injustice, it is just a war between two tribes for the sake of correct and greater space for survival and development.
According to historical records, more than 6,000 to 5,000 years ago,
North of the Yangtze River and the plains of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China
, living in a large tribal group headed by clams, namely
The Nine Li Tribe
。 At about the same time, it originated in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in the Gansu-Shaanxi Plateau
The Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor are two major tribes
The Group also migrated from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River to the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
On the same limited land, two large tribes settled here. And their backward productive forces demand that they need more land to feed their people, so the outbreak of war is the inevitable result of this contradiction.
In order to survive and develop in the future, they must occupy more land through war and establish the status of co-lord of the world.
"Xuan You, the King of the Nine Dawns."
It can be seen that the Jiuli tribe is the name of the tribe to which Xuan you belong, and Xuan You is their leader. After the defeat at the Battle of Zhuolu, the Jiuli tribe led by Xuan You gradually dispersed from various places. Now, the main descendants of the Jiuli tribe are composed of
Hmong
。
The Jiuli tribe has long lived in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and what we can know is that before the economic center of gravity shifted southward, the north was always a relatively productive area. And the Yellow River is known as the mother river of the Chinese nation,
Therefore, the culture and economy of the Jiuli tribe are relatively developed.
The developed culture and economy of the Jiuli tribe have had a profound impact on later generations, mainly including the invention and smelting, the creation of weapons, the rectification of the tribe, the creation of criminal law, the use of the first calendar, and the cultivation of rice.
1. Invent smelting and build weapons
In the "Corpse And Earth Count", it is recorded: "The maker, Xuan Youye." "Legend has it that before The Dragon used natural minerals for smelting,
People worked and defended themselves through wooden sticks and sharp stones
。 The hardness of the wood root and the sharpness of the stone are not prominent, and such a production tool also determines the low productivity and the lack of self-defense.
And from the "Stone Age", "Iron Age" and other such statements we can see that the importance of the tools of production for productivity and the entire era, people even
Divide the era with production tools
。 Xuanyu invented smelting and used the things smelted to make weapons.
There is
Two important aspects
First of all, smelted things can
Used as a production tool
, and the improvement of production tools has a very significant effect on the increase of productivity. The direct manifestation of the increase in productivity is that more output is produced on the same land, and its direct effect is that it can feed more people.
The increase in population means many things, such as the expansion and reproduction of tribes, the enhancement of tribal strength, the merger and development of tribes, and so on. And all this laid a very important foundation for the eventual development of the tribe, the state.
secondly
The manufacture of weapons plays a very important role in the improvement of the overall strength of the tribe and the violent annexation between tribes.
For China today, maintaining national security and world peace still requires strong national defense strength and advanced weapons. The tragic history repeats itself before us again and again, when the British strong ships and cannons opened the door of the Qing Dynasty, the weak Qing Dynasty simply did not have the strength to fight back.
The strength of a nation, its important external manifestations,
One is the economy, and the other is the military
。 If the economy is not strong, it is not enough to make the people sufficient, and if the military is not strong, it is not enough to make the people safe.
The Dragon Fish River Map records: "Eighty-one of the Xuanyu brothers... Build five soldiers. ”
Xuan you used Jin as a soldier, while the Yellow Emperor used jade as a soldier. Obviously, jade is invincible to gold, so the Yellow Emperor has lost to Xuan You several times, which can be seen
The benefit of weapons plays a heavy role in winning the war.
2. Creation of criminal law
"The state cannot stand without it."
The law is an essential part of a country.
Together, the organs of law and violence form a central part of the state and maintain its proper functioning. And this law is so important
Originated from the Jiuli tribe.
Because of the advanced weapons, Xuanyu annexed many tribes and strictly controlled this tribal alliance. And on this basis
The Penal Code was created
, the punishment of maniacs who disobey management. A large tribal confederation had many tribes, large and small, and at that time there was a system of selection, and the tribe did not have a fixed authority. Therefore, in order to facilitate the administration of the newly established alliance, to promote the development of tribal alliances, and to adapt people to this unified and fixed authority, Xuanyu formulated a criminal law.
At that time, tribal alliances were actually very loose, and people from various tribes did not form a common sense of identity, and they were still resistant to some tribal systems. According to records, there is
"The Hmong people don't use the spirit"
Transcript. "Spirit" refers to the new calendar promulgated by Xuanyu or the system of worshipping the seven gods and seven lords. What this sentence means
The people of the tribe do not implement the system promulgated by Xuanyu.
In order to promote the implementation of the system and punish such disobedience,
Xuanyu formulated five punishments
, which had a very far-reaching impact on future generations.
3. Use the A calendar and plant rice
A calendar
That is, it refers to the chronological method of sixty years as a jiazi, which was first invented by Fuxi.
And Xuanyu is the ethnic group of Fuxi
On the basis of inheriting the A calendar, it was further refined and used as a calendar norm to let people know that farmers sometimes planted grain. With the help of the correct calendar, agriculture has developed greatly. Li is ploughed with rice all over Jiuyi, so it is called Jiuli, and its economic strength is the strongest.
Rice cultivation
It is the foundation of agricultural society and the core of agricultural civilization, which not only feeds the Chinese people, but also leaves a strong mark for the shaping of the cultural character of the Chinese nation.
Before the Jiuli tribe began to cultivate rice, the people of the primitive tribe were mostly
Earn a living by collecting
This is also the reason why it was a matriarchal society before,
Because the main productive force of society is women
。 They need less food to maintain their daily gathering activities, while men need more food to maintain their daily activities. But productivity was low at the time, and people couldn't get more food. Therefore, men are unable to exert their own strength and need to be attached to women's lives.
Plants in a place are always limited, so people need to constantly migrate to ensure the adequacy and stability of food. After starting to grow rice, people gradually began to settle down.
Transformed from a nomadic to an agrarian people
The national character and cultural psychology of relocating to the land have gradually emerged. Since then, the Chinese nation has embarked on a completely different path of development.
Third, the significance of the Great War
This big war is more like
A violent reorganization between tribes, a forced integration of culture and economy
。 It quickly implemented the annexation and integration between the tribes in the form of war, paved the way for the Yellow Emperor to become the co-lord of the world, and laid a good foundation for the establishment of the Xia Dynasty as a country.
This is the great war
It has had a very important impact on future generations
。 For example, after the Yandi and Yellow Emperor tribes defeated the Jiuli tribe, the entire united large tribe became the common ancestor of the Chinese nation.
We call ourselves "Yan Huang Descendants"
。 For another example, after the Yellow Emperor conquered the Xuanyou tribe, he absorbed a large number of advanced cultures of the Jiuli people and popularized them. To this day,
We still grow rice, use criminal law, and attach importance to smelting.
After thousands of years of development, it has not been broken, but has become more and more prosperous. Thus
How important are these contributions of the Jiuli tribe.
Battle of Zhuolu
For the Chinese nation, it is a very important battle. This scene directly determined the ancestor of the Chinese nation, affected the development path of society, and played a role in promoting the emergence of class society and the state.
Especially the Jiuli tribe
Advanced cultural and economic contribution
It plays a very important role in the transformation of society and the development of the nation. We should abandon the Huayi view of history
Honor the Yellow Emperor and demean Xuan You
The concept should be viewed in a more scientific way of history, the battle between Xuanyou, the Jiuli tribe, and Zhuolu. It is necessary to use the historical background and situation at that time to analyze the historical events at that time, rather than blindly starting from their own point of view and making some subjective assumptions.
bibliography:
"Re-evaluating Several Issues in the Study of the Origin of the Miao People: A Review of the Ancient History of the Miao People"
"The Creation and Invention of the Jiuli Clan of Xuanyou"
From Huayi Historical View to World Historical View