[This article is exclusively original by Shushan PenMan, all rights reserved, plagiarism must be investigated]
Hello everyone, I am Shushan Penman, it is a pleasure to share the article to everyone. Before I talked to you about a period of 5,000 years of Chinese problems, the chat is relatively rough, this issue, to everyone to talk about it well.
China's current history textbooks are completely unable to meet the growing archaeological and molecular anthropological achievements, and the redefinition of China's prehistoric culture is imminent.
The problem is that what is implemented in textbooks is very rigorous and does not tolerate any omissions and speculations. Therefore, the penman only has one step ahead, before the government official announcement, first "reveal" to everyone the bold speculation in this regard.
It is said to be speculation rather than a theoretical model, because it is not made up blindly, but a rational integration based on the achievements of various parties, so that we can see a clearer, more coherent, and logical - Prehistory of China.
Well, say useful.
According to the "Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty Project", the earliest origin of the Xia Dynasty was in 2070 BC, that is, before 4070 years. It is nearly 1,000 years less than our 5,000-year civilization, so what are the ancient Chinese doing in these 1,000 years?
Cover of "Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty Project"
To solve this mystery, we must review the prehistory of China.
The penman has reviewed China's prehistory, genetic, archaeological, biological, cultural, and recorded from different angles before, and today he will combine these and say a comprehensive one.
The ancient Chinese originated in Central Asia, the path was north of the Tianshan Mountains, and later widely distributed in the Mongolian Plateau and the land of China. Those who remained on the Mongolian plateau evolved into the later Xiongnu; those who entered the land of China evolved into the later Chinese ancestors.
The development of the world's agricultural civilization benefited from a prehistoric invasion of the sea. That is, more than 7,000 years ago, the earth's temperature was 4 °C higher than the current average, causing sea levels to rise, causing many lowlands, including the North China Plain and the Jianghan Plain, to be submerged by seawater.
In the minds of the ancients, this was a catastrophe similar to the end of the world, and the legend of the prehistoric flood spread throughout the country.
Simulation of prehistoric traversal invasions
The impact of the trespass on Our country is that the Shandong Peninsula was isolated and became a dokdo island, and the mainstream culture of Chinese civilization was divided into two, that is, the later Yangshao culture and Dawenkou culture.
However, the effect of transgression was positive, leading to a major explosion in human agriculture and a great leap forward in the use of Neolithic tools.
The warm climate makes crops grow freely, and the millet in the north and the rice in the south were domesticated by the ancient Chinese during this period, which also gave birth to the Hongshan culture of the Liao River Basin and the Yangshao culture of the Yellow River Basin, the Daxi and Hemudu cultures of the Yangtze River Basin, and the Dawenkou culture of the Shandong Peninsula. Of course, there are also cultures such as Xinglongwa, Dadiwan, Pei Ligang, Houli, and Pengtoushan that preceded this, but in the end, they all come down to these representative cultures.
If you want to put on the characters in Chinese mythology, then, before the invasion, the earliest ancestors of China were called the Fu ren clan and the Youchao clan. At this time, human beings were still in the barbaric stage, and artificial fire and building houses were still the things that human beings advanced into advanced creatures.
During the period of the invasion, the ancient Chinese were divided into many branches, the main ones being: the Qiang people, who were mainly based on the Yangshao culture, and their leader was called the Shennong clan (tribe).
After entering farming, the Qiang people had surplus grain to feed the animals, so they domesticated a poultry, the sheep.
Sheep became an important source of food for the Qiang people, the Qiang people worshipped it, and the later word "Qiang" also came from this, and their leader later took this surname - Jiang, which is the legendary - Yandi, look at the statue of Yandi:
Then there were the Hongshan people (named after the Penman himself), who used excess food to domesticate another kind of poultry, the cattle, and worshiped it. The leader of the Red Mountain People is unknown, but it is definitely related to the goddess Niuheliang, who believes in witchcraft.
Then there is the Dongyi people, who are mainly based on the Dawenkou culture, who seem to worship the strong more, that is, the snakes that are the most threatening and more contactable to early humans in nature. Their leader is called the Huaxu clan (tribe).
Later, the leader of the Dongyi people appeared strangely two brothers and sisters, namely Fuxi and Nuwa, to see their statues:
Statues of Fuxi and Nuwa
In fact, they were not brothers and sisters, but a sign of the transition from matriarchal clan society to patrilineal in primitive society, and until then, their leaders were all women. That is to say: not only the Huaxu clan, but also the Lingren clan, the Youchao clan and the Shennong clan should all be female.
After the sea invasion subsided, the North China Plain was exposed, and the three major cultures began to blend in this land.
At this time, their social system has completed the transition from matrilineal to patrilineal, and the leader of the Qiang people has become the Yan Emperor (honorific title), and the leader of the Dongyi people has become the Yellow Emperor (honorific title).
History books all say that the Yellow Emperor's surname is Ji, I don't think so, this is the masterpiece of the Zhou people (discussed in the next issue). The worship of the Dongyi people has changed from the original snake to the bird, which is all related to their island life for many years, and the Qiang people have not also begun to worship fish? As shown in the figure:
Yangshao culture faience pottery, fish can not be more obvious
In fact, whether it was the Yan Emperor or the Yellow Emperor, it did not refer to a certain person or a certain tribe, but the honorific title of the patriarch who was in the position of the ally at that time in the future, which could be the Lieshan clan, the Zhu Rong clan and the Gonggong clan.
The collision of cultures is bound to lead to the demise of weak cultures and the penetration of dominant cultures. Obviously, Dawenkou culture is more suitable for the environment and productivity at that time than Yangshao culture, and Yangshao culture is covered by Dawenkou culture and develops into a new culture - Longshan culture.
This is the process of the Yellow Emperor's victory over the Yan Emperor, that is, the cultural coverage, where is the Hanquan War? You know: at that time, the concept of war had not yet been formed, and at most two tribes were fighting for territory.
The most unfortunate thing about climate change is the Hongshan people, due to the drop in temperature, the north is no longer so suitable for crop growth, and the Hongshan people have moved south to the Yanshan Zhuolu area. At this time, their leader is called Xuanyu, look at the statue of Xuanyu worshipped by cattle:
Longshan culture northward expansion and Hongshan culture southward migration collision, Longshan culture with crushing momentum to cover the fallen Hongshan culture, in addition to the Hongshan people's jade culture and witch culture to preserve, the rest of the traces have been wiped clean, this is the legendary Battle of Zhuolu, how spectacular?
Later, the Hongshan people integrated into the Dongyi people and Yangshao people's large families, and became an important branch of the merchant ancestors.
The Longshan cultural period, corresponding to the legendary "Five Emperors" period, began about 4800 years ago and ended 2000 years ago, coinciding with the era of the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.
If The Chinese culture is calculated from the Longshan culture, it is 4800 years; if it is calculated from the Dawenkou culture, it is 6300 years; and if it is calculated from the Yangshao culture, it must be advanced to 7000 years; in the end, how to calculate, is the matter of experts, I will not say more.
Why was the Yellow Emperor a Dongyi? Why did Zhou Ren let him take the surname Ji? Why did the Xia culture not cover Shandong and Hebei? Is Dayu a descendant of the Yellow Emperor or a descendant of the Yan Emperor? Where did the merchants come from? I believe that you still have many questions, we will meet again in the next issue.
The above content is not an academic discussion, but only a collection of materials by the penman, do not understand, please leave a message.
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The author of this article, "Shushan Penman", a historical author who can "speak" in articles, focuses on different perspectives on history and explores different Spring and Autumn.