There is such a kind of porcelain, there are utensils in porcelain, only this one can be seen in the Ding Yi jue bottle, qinqi calligraphy and painting, flower and literary play at will, the combination is ingenious, the Tibetans can take this instrument Bo tong tong today, in order to show high purity and elegance, this instrument is widely popular in the Qing Dynasty Bogu porcelain, and to trace the original source of Bogu pattern, we need to turn the time to the "Ancient Emperor" Song Huizong under the rule of the Great Song Dynasty, a translation of the "Xuanhe Bogutu".
Qing Yi Zhengtang rebuilt 30 volumes of Xuanhe Bogutu and 10 volumes of reconstructed archaeological maps
It is said that fashion is a reincarnation, every few years on the retro, and we look at the history of China for thousands of years, there are also two peak periods of retro instruments, one is two Song, one is Ming. In these two periods, a large number of retro artifacts were produced, and "Xuanhe Bogutu" is the "cottage" treasure book in it, such as the Ding-style furnace and the Zhen-style bottle of the Song Dynasty, which can be found in this treasure book.
In the Song Dynasty, the ancient customs prevailed, and the science of epigraphy and artifacts was greatly developed, and Zhao Mingcheng, the husband of the famous female lyricist Li Qingzhao, was an obsessive of jinshi, and he did not hesitate to die, and his "Golden Stone Record" has a record of "Yu Zixiao Xiaoxi visited the previous generation of jinshi inscriptions from the current bachelor doctor." At this time, whether it was due to the original intention of the princes and nobles to restore the "three generations of rituals" through ancient sacrificial vessels, or the pursuit of elegance by literati and ordinary people, the retro trend swept through the two Song Dynasties and three hundred years. Under this trend, the official understatement, the book "Xuanhe Bogutu" appeared.
Bo Ruzhai rebuilt xuan and bogu catalogues
Xuanhe Bogutu is the earliest surviving monograph in China that collects ancient artifacts, which was written and inscribed by the edict of Emperor Huizong of Song, began to be compiled in the early years of Daguan (1107), and was written after the fifth year of Xuanhe (1123). The book consists of 30 volumes, and records 20 categories and 839 bronzes from the Shang Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty collected by the Emperor of the Great Song Dynasty at that time, including Ding, Zhong, Zun, and Jug. The drawings in the book are clear, the depictions of the utensils are exquisite, each type of artifact has a general description, a drawing, an inscription extension and an interpretation, and the size, weight and capacity of the utensils are recorded, and some also have the place of excavation, color and the name of the collector, and there are detailed explanations and examinations of the names and inscriptions, but the content is wrong, and the inscriptions are more sparse.
Song Anon. Southern Tang Dynasty Wenhui Figure (Partial) Silk Color Length 30.4 cm Width 29.6 cm Collection of the Palace Museum
The Qing Dynasty's "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" commented: "Although its book examination is sparse, the shape and model are not lost; although the sound interpretation is false, the calligraphy and paintings exist." Readers can still be judged by the three generations of Ding Yi's system and the text of the three generations of Ding Yi because of their paintings. At that time, the contribution of the collection was also indispensable. According to Wang Guowei's research, the bronze artifacts recorded in the book were carried north by the Jin people during the "Jingkang Rebellion", and one-tenth and second of them were once scattered in Jiangnan and appeared in Zhang Bao's "Three Commentaries on ancient artifacts in Shaoxing Inner Province".
The book was far-reaching, continuing from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. In the book, the word "Xuanhe" is believed to refer to the Xuanhe Hall, which is where the Song Room collects ancient artifacts, and of course, it may also refer directly to the Song Huizong Xuanhe and the era number.
"Bogu" in Xuanhe Bogutu
Porcelain▼
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong Shaoxing, the imperial court sacrificed ceremonies and sacrificial vessels were scarce, so various materials were used to replace bronze to make sacrificial vessels, and porcelain supplies imitating bronzes gradually replaced ancient bronzes and became the brand of the times. In addition, according to the characteristics of bronze shapes, the major kilns of the Song Dynasty fired a batch of antique porcelain as daily necessities. Some of these antique porcelain are directly taken from the "Xuanhe Bogutu", and some are reproduced according to retro bronzes, and the firing kilns range from Longquan kiln to Yaozhou kiln and Hutian kiln. The most typical is the celadon bristle furnace fired in the Longquan kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, and some of the utensils are fired in strict accordance with the standards of the Styles of Zhou Shuai female bristles and Zhou Zhongfu manes recorded in the "Xuanhe Bogutu".
Top: Southern Song Dynasty official kiln celadon mane furnace Hangzhou Tiger Cave official kiln site excavated
Part II: The Zhou Shuai Female Bristles recorded in Xuanhe Bogutu
Top: Southern Song Dynasty official kiln blue glaze string pattern collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Part II: Reconstructing the Shang Yi recorded in Xuanhe Bogutu
Top: Southern Song Dynasty official kiln blue glaze through the ear pot Collection of the Palace Museum
Part II: Reconstruction of the Zhou Guan Ear Pot recorded in Xuanhe Bogutu
Top: Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln green glazed bottle Collection of Bass Museum of East Asian Art
Part II: Reconstruction of shang li ge zhen recorded in Xuan and Bogutu
Bronze
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In the early years of emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1107 AD), the Bureau of Ceremonies was set up to "edict the ancient artifacts of the world, and to make the genus of zun, jue, ding, and Yi" ("Song Shi Li Zhi II"), marking the beginning of the song dynasty's official large-scale imitation of bronzes.
Top: Song Beast Face Pattern Collection of the Palace Museum
Part II: Re-editing the Shang Yan Ji compiled in Xuan and Bogutu
Top: Song Xianwen Zhen The Palace Museum collects the Shang Zu Yi Yong recorded in the "Reconstruction of Xuanhe Bogutu"
Above: Wrong Gold and Silver Beast-Shaped Zun The Palace Museum has a collection of Zhou Zun as recorded in the "Reconstruction of Xuanhe Bogutu"
Bronze
Because of the lack of copper materials, the production time is hasty and other reasons, during the Shaoxing period, Emperor Gaozong ordered Lin'an Province, Yuezhou and other places to use pottery copper to "make as appropriate" sacrifice vessels, and at the beginning of the Kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Shu Nei division, where it was located, was originally subordinate to the Ceremonial Instrument Bureau responsible for making sacrificial utensils, and there were many imitation bronze vessel types fired, such as pierced ear bottles, Zhen-style bottles, Yao-style bottles, three-legged Zun, And Gui-style furnaces.
Southern Song Dynasty pottery was excavated from the Turtle Mountain Power Warehouse in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
In the Ming Dynasty after the two Song Dynasties, the retro atmosphere was also prevalent, and during the Xuande period, Emperor Xuanzong ordered people to imitate the Xuande furnace with the bronze ware in the golden stone records such as "Xuanhe Bogutu" and the classic porcelain types collected by the Inner House as a reference.
In the Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong Emperor even ordered people to classify the bronzes of Ding, Zun, and Yi in the Inner Province, and to imitate the "Archaeological Map" and "Xuanhe BoguTu" into a compilation. This book is a collection of 1529 ancient bronze artifacts in the Qing Palace, each of which draws a map, and the figure is said to be in letters. The book refutes the fallacies of successive generations of writers, explains difficulties, and supplements omissions, so that three generations of ancient artifacts are as they are now.
Qing Xiaochen Dongpo Bogutu fan page on paper, color, length 18 cm, width 51.6 cm Palace Museum collection
"Playing with the instrument of etiquette can enter the virtue, and playing with the ink old engraving can be exquisite." In this world, you can meet the ancients. "In the context of China's sublime cultural practice, the collection and appreciation of antiquities has not been interrupted, and the artistic and cultural connotations contained in ancient artifacts have been reflected in the world style examination of Tibetans advocating elegance."