From the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty to the modern War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the "Guangxi Wolf Soldier" was famous far and wide, and the world once commented on this "wolf soldier": With the "wolf soldier" present, this battle was half won.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there was a big gap between the military equipment of our country and the Japanese army, and the reason why the "wolf soldiers" were able to intimidate the Japanese army had nothing to do with the "tattered" equipment, but rather their courage to fight well and bravely move forward to frighten the enemy.
"Wearing an English steel helmet, shorts and a yellow military uniform, and grass shoes on his feet." This is an appropriate description of the "Guangxi Wolf Soldier".
They wore such rudimentary equipment, successfully withdrew from the enemy again and again in the War of Resistance, and made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
How fierce are the "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers"? From the Ming Dynasty's war of resistance to the modern War of Resistance, what contributions did the "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" make to the country? How high are their combat effectiveness?
"Weak scholar" Yuan Chonghuan
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Wokou constantly invaded the southeast coastal areas, and China's territorial sovereignty was always threatened.
The Ming Dynasty sent troops to fight against the Wokou many times, but all of them were unfavorable, and they fought many defeats, and the arrogance of the Wokou became more and more arrogant.
Thirty-three years after Jiajing, Wu Kou thought that the time was ripe and invaded the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang on a large scale, and the Ming Dynasty's thousands of miles of maritime territory were in a hurry at the same time.
At this critical moment of survival, the Ming Dynasty hurriedly dispatched the heroic and good warrior "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" to the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions to resist the enemy.
The "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" were local armed forces in guangxi during the Ming Dynasty, and they were mainly active in Nandan, Qingyuan, Nadi, Donglanzhou, As well as Si'en and Tianzhou.
Different from ordinary soldiers, wolf soldiers have their own unique way of fighting, with 7 people as a team of independent cooperation, the combat effectiveness is very strong, is an important combat force of the Ming Court, the enemy is afraid.
In addition to the "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers", the elite of the Ming Dynasty at that time also included the Zhejiang Yiwu Soldiers, the Fujian Tengpai Army, the Guandong Iron Horse, etc., and the four troops were called the four elites, which played a pivotal role in protecting the stability and prosperity of the Ming Dynasty.
The "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" sent to the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions to resist the Wu this time were led by a female general, who was the famous Guangxi Zhuang woman Lady Washi.
Under the command and leadership of Lady Washi, the Xiao Yong of the "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" was brought to the extreme, winning the Battle of Caojing Town, the Battle of Jinshanwei, and the Battle of Wang Jiangjing, eliminating more than 4,000 Wukou.
The situation in which the Ming Dynasty repeatedly failed to resist the Wu was finally reversed, and The victory of Lady Wa's victory in this anti-Wu dynasty also restored the stability and prosperity of the Ming Dynasty for a long time.
During the Ming Dynasty, the Manchu Qing dynasty rose, and the authority of the Ming Dynasty was once again challenged.
In the forty-sixth year of the Wanli Calendar (1618), Nurhaci sent troops to attack the Ming Dynasty, destroying hundreds of thousands of Ming troops, driving straight in, pressing step by step, Shanhaiguan was close at hand, and the Daming River and Mountains were in danger.
Nurhaci attacked rapidly, and the Ming army clashed with it several times, losing consecutive battles.
The ruler at that time, Ming Shenzong, knew that if Shanhaiguan was breached, Beijing would not be able to save it.
In 1622, martial law was imposed in Beijing, and the monarchs of the Ming Dynasty were in a state of panic and were in a state of uneasiness all day long.
At this time, Yuan Chonghuan could not sit still, and after "disappearing" for a while, he returned to Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan was born in Teng County, Guangxi, and served in the Ming court in the 47th year of the Wanli Dynasty.
During the period of "disappearing", he rode alone and rode a horse to inspect the inside and outside of Shanhaiguan and reconnoiter the enemy situation.
After returning to Beijing, Yuan Chonghuan reported the enemy situation and declared, "Give our army Maqian valley, and I will be stationed here alone." ”
The country was alive and dead, and Yuan Chonghuan was in danger. He was originally from Guangxi, and he was more familiar with the "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" than others, these brave and good warriors, who dominated the world, were not afraid of danger, were not afraid of death, charged into battle, killed the enemy horizontally, and were brave and brave.
As a result, Yuan Chonghuan drew 6,000 "wolf soldiers" from Guangxi and joined the battle to defend the Daming River Mountain.
He built a high city, lost land, fought head-on with the Qing soldiers, and created three victories in the three battles of Ningyuan, Ningjin, and Jingshi, and the invincible Nurhaci also became a ghost under the sword, successfully breaking the myth of the invincibility of the Qing army.
Mr. Jin Yong, a famous martial arts novel, has written martial arts novels and news commentary for tens of millions of words in his lifetime, but he has only written a biography for one person, and this person is Yuan Chonghuan.
Yuan Chonghuan was originally a weak scholar, and in the face of such an unfavorable situation, he had no fear, faced the invincible efforts of Hachi, and successfully beat Nurhaci to death. Three battles and three victories, Yuan Chonghuan's heroic spirit of not being afraid of danger and being generous and righteous is among the best in the entire history of mankind.
Unfortunately, the Chongzhen Emperor later mistakenly killed Yuan Chonghuan,
"Since Chonghuan died, there was no one to benefit from the side, and the Ming Dynasty was determined to die."
The more he fought, the braver Feng Zicai became
After Yuan Chonghuan's death, the Ming Dynasty could no longer be overturned, and soon, the world fell into the hands of Emperor Taiji. Unfortunately, Emperor Taiji did not understand that sooner or later the feudal imperial system would be eliminated. After 1840, China experienced several wars, from the Sino-British Opium War, the Second Opium War, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War to the Eight-Power Alliance War, repeated defeats made this land devastated, Du Fu's so-called "country breaking mountains and rivers in" can describe the situation at that time.
In these five wars, only in the Sino-French War, China won the great victory of Zhennanguan, the French Army suffered heavy casualties, and the Cabinet of Milky fell directly.
The Sino-French War broke out in December 1883 and was divided into two phases and two battlefields. The first phase of the war, from December 1883 to May 1884, was fought in northern Vietnam; the second phase, from June 1884 to June 1885, was fought on the Sino-Vietnamese border, along the Fujian coast, and in Taiwan.
In January 1885, the French army sent a main force of 7,000 people to attack the Guangxi border in a large-scale attack.
At that time, the Chinese defenders saw the situation and fled from the front, Zhennanguan was captured, and Guangxi was in danger.
Feng Zicai was once the viceroy of Guangxi, and was strongly recommended by Zhang Zhidong, and Feng Zicai quickly built an army and re-entered the customs to fight against the French army.
At this time, Feng Zicai was nearly old and had been retired, but when the country was in crisis, he did not hesitate to take his son and lead the generals, and went straight to the front line, without hesitation.
After reaching the front, Feng Zicai was promoted to the position of former enemy commander, and cooperated with Su Yuanchun, who was then the governor of Guangxi, and fought in coordination. On March 23, 1885, 3,000 French soldiers divided into three routes and launched a fierce attack on Zhennanguan.
When the soldiers approached the city, Feng Zicai laid down a battle position and confronted the French army head-on, successfully repelling it.
The ambitious French army was still not dead hearted, and the next day it attacked again, setting up heavy artillery to bombard the long wall in front of it to open the way for a follow-up attack. Feng Zicai took the lead, "wrapped his head in pa and barefoot straw shoes", holding a spear, shouting at the enemy army:
"When the Law re-enters the customs, what is the face of the Cantonese people?" Why be born? ”
If I let the French army enter the customs again, what face do I have to see my father and elder again?
Feng Zicai became more and more courageous as he fought, bearing the security of the country and the expectations of the people, and jumped out of the city wall to fight with the enemy. After a fierce battle, the French army could no longer be defeated and defeated the town of Nanguan.
On the 26th, Feng Zicai led his troops to launch a counterattack against the French army, seriously wounding its commander, and finally forcing the French army to retreat to the south of Langjia.
The great victory at Zhennanguan made the French army realize China's strength, and the legal person claimed that it had "never been greatly hurt by this", becoming the "first major victory" in China's Sino-Western War, and also a decisive battle to reverse the situation, providing a precondition for Sino-French peace talks.
From Lady Wa to Yuan Chonghuan to Feng Zicai, the genes of Guangxi people who are tenacious and heroic have always existed.
When the country is in a desperate situation, when the chance of victory is slim, they never want to give up, but fight a bloody road, save the country in danger, and get rid of the people.
Less than half a century after the Zhennanguan Victory, with the occurrence of a series of events such as the "918" incident, China is once again facing the danger of national subjugation.
"Sunophobia" swept the whole country, Ma Junwu, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and other Guangxi literati each issued the strongest voice of the War of Resistance, and guangxi people once again stood at the forefront of China's War of Resistance.
The Gui Army in the torrent of the War of Resistance
On the battlefield of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the position of the Gui Army was very important. After the outbreak of the "July 7 Incident", the Gui Army threw itself into the torrent of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the Gui Army in the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had only two corps, 7 and 15, and developed into five corps of 7, 31, 46, 48 and 84 in the later period. The Gui army is very proactive in combat and has extremely strong combat effectiveness, after all, it is evolved from the "Guangxi Wolf Soldier". In the Battle of Shanghai, the Battle of Xuzhou, and the Battle of Wuhan, the performance of the Gui Army was extremely prominent.
After the outbreak of the "August 13" War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek gathered the main force of the Kuomintang army and fought fiercely with the Japanese army in the Songhu area.
At the end of September, the Japanese army launched a full-scale attack, and the Kuomintang army was forced to turn to the defensive, and the main force was placed on the south bank of yunzaobin, Chen Xing, Guangfu, and Shi Xianggong temple on the liuhe river.
On October 7, the Japanese launched a fierce attack on the southern bank of yunzaobin, trying to break through the Nationalist positions in one fell swoop and further cut off the Beijing-Shanghai line.
The fighting lasted for several days, and the Nationalist army gradually became weaker and weaker, showing a tendency to shake the whole line.
At this critical juncture, the 48th Army of the Gui Army arrived in time, and the purpose of the Japanese army to threaten the Kuomintang army was not achieved.
In order to eliminate the Japanese army in the south and restore the position, the Kuomintang army decided to launch a counterattack at the same time as the enemy party in front of the enemy, and the 48th Army of the Gui Army was organized into the First Attack Army, bearing the brunt of it.
In this battle, the 48th Army stubbornly resisted and fought bravely, inflicting heavy losses on the Japanese army and blocking the Japanese attack.
However, the 48th Army itself also suffered heavy casualties, with two brigade commanders killed on the battlefield, and the casualties of the troops exceeded half.
In the later stages of the Battle of Shanghai, in order to cover the great retreat of the Songhu area, the 7th Army of the Gui Army blocked the enemy in the Area of Wuxing, fighting bloodily for several days, and played an important role.
After the Battle of Beijing and Shanghai, the Japanese army continued to attack Xuzhou. After deliberation, the Fifth Theater decided to concentrate its forces when the enemy was separated and break through each one.
In the specific deployment, the 31st Army of the Gui Army took the main offensive task.
On January 18, 1938, the Japanese army occupied the town of Mingguang, and on February 1, the enemy's vigilance force invaded the area near Linhuai Pass, and its large forces launched an attack on Bengbu.
The 31st Army, believing that the time had come, launched a flank attack from the rear of the enemy, cutting the enemy into two pieces, and the two sides fought for two days. However, due to the weak strength, the Gui army's attack failed to play a full role. Seeing that the situation was unfavorable, the 31st Army took the initiative to withdraw its troops and contain the enemy.
On February 6, the 21st Army rushed from Jiangnan to Hefei, and on the 8th attacked against the enemy.
With the coordination of the 31st Army, the 7th Army, and the 48th Army of the Gui Army, they killed more than a thousand enemy vehicles, destroyed more than ten enemy tanks, and once recaptured Fengyang and Kaocheng, and the Japanese army was forced to stop advancing north.
During the decisive battle of Taierzhuang, the southern enemy once again attacked the north, met with stubborn resistance from the 31st Army, and the Japanese army never broke through the positions south of Guzhen. The victory in this blockade battle shattered the enemy's plan to attack Xuzhou and created extremely favorable conditions for the great victory of Taierzhuang.
After the Battle of Xuzhou, the Japanese army launched another attack on Wuhan. The Gui army in this campaign also showed bravery and courage, attacking day and night, and fighting the enemy for several days.
"The enemy resisted in danger, the attack progressed little so far, only the enemy suffered heavy losses, and the casualties were heavy, but unfortunately we suffered heavy casualties." "The positions were lost and recovered, and the attackers were repeatedly attacked several times."
After the stubborn resistance of the Gui army and others, the enemy failed to penetrate deeply, but our army also suffered heavy casualties. In the case of a strong enemy and a weak enemy, the Battle of Wuhan could last for five months, and the Gui Army was indispensable.
In the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Gui Army has been actively working hard in combat, and its combat effectiveness has also been very strong, and it has repeatedly reversed the situation at the critical juncture of life and death, and played an important role in a series of major battles. This is no accident.
First of all, the Gui army went to the battlefield because of the great anti-Japanese torrent of Chinese people.
The occurrence of the "918 Incident" deepened the national crisis day by day, the Chinese people were unwilling to be slaves to the country, and the storm of resisting Japan and saving the country swept across the land. In particular, the "July 7 Incident" broke out, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was in full swing, the salvation movement was surging, and the Chinese nation threw itself into a major life-and-death struggle. All these have become a torrent that pushes the Gui army to the battlefield, allowing them to resist the enemy without hesitation.
Secondly, there were mistakes in the new Gui clan during this period, but with the outbreak of the September 18 Incident, the Liangguang Incident, and the July 7 Incident, the national crisis was deepening day by day, and as a member of the Chinese nation, the Gui Army also naturally went to the road of "supporting Chiang Kai-shek", "uniting with the Communist Party", and "resisting Japan".
The positive efforts of the Gui Army in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression were the concentrated embodiment and inevitable result of this change.
The above are the reasons why the Gui Army actively worked hard to participate in the War of Resistance. However, the same Chinese, why is the combat effectiveness of the Gui Army so strong? There are two main reasons for this.
First, the vast number of Gui army fought bravely and dared to shed blood and sacrifice.
Although the new Gui clique represented the interests of the big landlords and bourgeoisie politically, most of the soldiers in the Gui army came from the working people at the bottom. In order to save the people and defend the country, they showed a high degree of patriotic spirit, spared no effort to spill blood on the battlefield, and composed a song of praise for patriotism and heroism.
In the Battle of Shanghai, the Battle of Wuhan, the Battle of Xuzhou and other battles, the Gui army showed shocking heroism from top to bottom, especially the middle and lower-ranking officers, who took the lead and charged into the battlefield, and played a very good leading role.
The fighting power that frightens the enemy is paved with the blood of the martyrs, and "resisting to the death and eventually running out of bullets" and "drinking bullets to kill themselves" are typical representatives of them.
Second, the strategy and tactics of the Gui Army are correct and the military discipline is strict.
The commanders Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, as well as the generals Li Pinxian, Liao Lei, and Xia Wei, all received modern military education, had very rich experience in warfare, and with a certain amount of cultural knowledge, they could better combine theory and practice in the long-term southern expedition and the northern war, so they could formulate more effective strategies and tactics.
In addition, the Gui Army has strict military discipline and can bear hardships and stand hard work.
Due to the long-term conquest, coupled with the strict management of Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, the Gui army formed a strict organizational discipline. Guangxi's hard-working, tough and tenacious folk style is also reflected in the Gui Army. However, in the later stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Gui Army began to resist the war weakly, and its combat capability also declined, which was related to its internal corruption.
From the "Guangxi Wolf Soldiers" of the Ming Dynasty to the new Gui clan during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Gui Army has made outstanding achievements in the war to defend the land of China. Although the Gui army in the late period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was not as good as the previous period, it is undeniable that these enthusiastic soldiers left a glorious page in Chinese history. All the anti-Japanese soldiers who are for the survival of the country and national independence deserve our eternal commemoration.