Winter is the high incidence of diarrhea in babies, rotavirus infection, bacterial infection, cold, allergies and so on can be the cause of diarrhea. If you can't find an effective nursing method, so that the baby's diarrhea is repeated and cannot be cured for a long time, it will affect growth and development. Many parents will regard "antidiarrhea" as the most important care for their children after diarrhea. In fact, once the baby has diarrhea, it is more important to prevent dehydration. Here's how to teach you the right way to deal with diarrhea in your baby.
Guests of this issue
High source
Wuhan Children's Hospital
Chief Physician of the Department of Gastroenterology
He is a member of the Pediatric Minimally Invasive Digestive Group of the Maternal and Child Minimally Invasive Professional Committee of the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Care Association, a member of the Second Council of the Hubei Society of Hepatobiliary Diseases, and a member of the Eighth Committee and Committee of the Gastroenterology Branch of the Hubei Medical Association.
He is good at the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric digestive system diseases and pediatric endoscopy, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea disease, milk protein allergy, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, vomiting, constipation, and jaundice.
Why does your baby have diarrhea?
Childhood diarrhea is multi-pathogenic, multifactorial, mainly viral, followed by bacteria, parasites, and fungi.
01
Infectious factors
1. Virus infection
The main pathogens of viral enteritis are rotavirus, in addition, there are astroviruses, noroviruses, enteroviruses and the like.
2. Bacterial infection
The common pathogenic bacteria of bacterial enteritis mainly include diarrhea-causing E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia, Staphylococcus aureus and so on.
3. Fungal infection
Diarrhea-causing fungi include Candida, Aspergillus, Mucormyces, etc., and infants with Candida albicans enteritis are more common.
4, parasites
Commonly seen are Giardia lanalis, Amoeba and Cryptosporidium.
5. Antibiotic-related diarrhea
Long-term, extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause intestinal flora disorders, and pathogenic bacteria multiply in large quantities, resulting in diarrhea.
02
Non-infectious factors
1. Dietary factors
Irregular feeding, improper diet.
Allergic diarrhea, such as allergies to milk or soy products, often cause diarrhea.
Lactase deficiency, intestinal indigestion and malabsorption of sugar, causing diarrhea.
2. Climatic factors
Sudden cooling and heat can lead to increased intestinal motility and decreased secretion of digestive juices, which can cause diarrhea.
How is diarrhea treated in babies?
There are many causes of diarrhea, so the standardization and individualization of treatment is particularly important. Commonly used treatment methods are mainly rehydration therapy (oral rehydration, intravenous rehydration), dietary therapy, zinc supplementation, drug therapy, etc.
Rehydration therapy
National guidelines indicate that rehydration is key to treating diarrhoeal diseases in children with the goal of preventing dehydration and electrolyte disorders. When your baby's diarrhea begins, oral rehydration should be given to prevent dehydration until the diarrhea stops.
Children with severe dehydration or inability to take rehydration solutions orally may be given intravenous fluids, and babies without intravenous fluids may be rehydrated through a nasogastric tube.
Dietary therapy
When the baby has diarrhea, many parents often restrict the baby's eating in order to reduce the baby's gastrointestinal burden. As everyone knows, excessive diet restriction will only cause the baby to fall into a vicious circle of "diarrhea - malnutrition - diarrhea".
Babies should resume eating as soon as possible after rehydration, and early eating can shorten the diarrhea process and improve the nutritional status of the child. You can follow the principle of small and multiple meals, give a diet that matches your baby's age, and do not recommend foods that are high in sugar and fat.
03
Zinc supplementation therapy
Zinc supplementation can be given after eating, as diarrhea leads to increased zinc loss, and zinc supplementation can help improve clinical prognosis and reduce recurrence.
04
drug therapy
Adsorbents: Montmorillonite powder is often used in children with acute watery diarrhea, which can shorten the course of diarrhea and reduce the number of bowel movements and the amount of bowel movements.
Antiscretion drugs: racemic carddotrine and other drugs are often used as an adjunctive treatment of oral rehydration solutions, and are generally taken before meals, which can shorten the course of illness in children with acute watery diarrhea.
Probiotic preparations: Also known as microbiotherapy, guidelines recommend early administration of probiotic therapy for diarrhea, such as Saccharomyces boulardii, which shortens the course of illness and reduces hospital stays in children with acute watery diarrhea.
Antibiotics: they can only be used if the pathogen is determined or clinically diagnosed, and most acute diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria is self-limiting (after the disease has developed to a certain extent, the body can control the development of the disease and gradually recover from healing), so antibiotics are not used as conventional treatment drugs for children's diarrhea.
Knowledge points
For the use of probiotics, antibiotics, adsorbents and other drugs, there are certain skills, and the correct use can exert the maximum effect.
High temperature will make probiotics inactive, so when taking probiotic drugs, use warm boiled water to take, antibiotics will inhibit probiotic activity, and the interval between antibiotics needs to be 2-3 hours.
For montmorillonite bulk adsorbents, because the drugs have adsorption, probiotic preparations need to be taken 1 hour apart from this drug.
When taking 3 drugs at the same time, the recommended order is: antibiotics - adsorbents - probiotic preparations, each drug with an interval of more than 1 hour.
Proper prevention is essential to reduce diarrhea in your baby, with the following precautions:
1. Pay attention to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene.
2. Promote breastfeeding.
3. Actively prevent and control malnutrition.
4. Rational application of antibiotics.
5. Application of rotavirus vaccine.
Image source: Photo.com
Edited by Ye Jing
Reviewed by Liu Fang Xiangxiu
Executive Producer Hong Yan Liu Zheng Li Jingjing