In 1435, in the tenth year of Ming Xuande, Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji died, and the 9-year-old crown prince Zhu Qizhen immediately succeeded to the throne as Emperor Mingyingzong. Zhu Qizhen is more special in the history of the Ming Dynasty, he was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty to be captured by the enemy country and returned unharmed, the emperor who was imprisoned twice by the Emperor of the Wa La and the Ming Dynasty, and the only emperor who ascended the throne twice, and the two most famous things associated with him were "The Change of Tumu Fort" and "Kill Yu Qian".
Zhu Qizhen's life experience is rich and peculiar, and it is impossible to find an emperor with the same experience as him in history, perhaps he was born with the so-called blessed person's own heavenly appearance, twice imprisoned, twice turned the crisis into safety. After ascending the throne at the age of 9, he went all the way to the "Change of Tumu Fort" was his first imperial career, and after the "Change of The Door", it was the second emperor's career, and the period in between can be called a cultivation career, a period of tempering the mind, and this tempering is obviously also effective.
When he ascended the throne at an early age, his power fell by the side, and he was earnestly taught by the empress dowager Zhang Shi and the cabinet of "Sanyang", which may arouse a rebellious mentality
Zhu Qizhen was the successor designated by Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji of the Ming Dynasty, and he was crowned crown prince before his death, but there was still a little incident when Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne, because he was too young, and since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, there had been no situation of young kings succeeding to the throne until Zhu Qizhen, so there was a so-called "doubt about the lord and the country". It is estimated that there were indeed some ministers who wanted to establish a long monarch at that time, but fortunately, Zhu Qizhen's grandmother, the empress dowager Zhang Shi (Empress Akihito Chengxiao Zhang), stood up to preside over justice:
Emperor Xuanzong, nine years old, said in the palace that he would summon King Xiang. The empress dowager summoned the ministers to the Qianqing Palace and said to the crown prince: "This new Heavenly Son is also." 'Long live the king,' and his words are breathless.
Zhang Shi was not a harem interfering in the affairs of the dynasty, but ming Xuanzong's last will and testament gave her power: "All important state affairs are carried out by the white empress dowager and empress, and then carried out'". Therefore, she not only helped the young emperor Zhu Qizhen to ascend the throne smoothly, but also drew a circle for How Zhu Qizhen became emperor afterwards, and put Zhu Qizhen in it, and particularly emphasized that if she wanted to do a good job as an emperor in the future, she must strictly follow the opinions of the three cabinet university scholars, Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu, Libu Shangshu Hu, and The British Gong Zhangfu:
Empress Dowager Fugu said: "These five ministers, the three dynasties, are simple and auxiliary to the descendants. The emperor is tens of thousands, and it is advisable to total with five subjects. ''
Several ministers, especially Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, and Yang Pu, the famous "Three Yangs", did not fail to live up to Zhang's heavy trust, and devoted themselves to cultivating the little emperor Zhu Qizhen, trying to cultivate him into a good emperor in the minds of the scholars, at least similar to Emperor Akihito Zhu Gaozi and Emperor Mingxuanzong Zhu Zhanji, so the requirements for Zhu Qizhen were also relatively strict, in addition to the "Three Yangs" personally went out to teach Zhu Qizhen, and most of the teachers he chose were also full of economy and old and heavy-
Emperor Yingzong was first established, and he and Shiqi and Rong asked for a feast. If you choose a lecturer, you will have to serve in a number of people who are knowledgeable and upright, who are prudent in words and deeds, and who are old and mature. And please choose carefully the courtiers in the palace. The Empress dowager was overjoyed.
Of course, Zhang Shi and several ministers were good for Zhu Qi, the emperor was young and did not understand anything, and state affairs were naturally handled by experienced old ministers, and the cultivation of the emperor was also taught by old ministers. But Zhang Shi and several ministers ignored Zhu Qizhen's rebellious heart, when he was 9 years old, he may not understand, but he will grow up after all, and young people and old ministers who are heavy will naturally have a generation gap, and it is easy to arouse the rebellious psychology of Zhu Qizhen in accordance with the routine of Zhang And 'Sanyang', after all, he is the emperor.
Without a playmate, Wang Zhen, who has been with him since childhood, has become Zhu Qizhen's most trusted confidant
Zhu Qizhen began the career of the emperor's student, which is estimated to be very boring, accompanying several old masters every day, listening to them explain the scriptures, and all day long. Modern students are actually the same, the teachers who teach students cannot have peers, but modern students have dozens of classmates of the same age who accompany reading in a class, and it is definitely not boring after class. The few who taught Zhu Qizhen did not think of this, and did not choose a few attendants of the same age for him to accompany.
For example, there is a scholar Zhang Yi next to Zhu Qizhen, he is a scholar of Ming Chengzu Yongle for thirteen years, and his grandfather is old enough to be a young emperor, how can Zhu Qizhen be close to him? A good attendant can also affect the mentality and behavior of the young emperor, and the only person who can give him happiness and comfort around Zhu Qizhen without a playmate is the Donggong Julang (appointed by Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, zhu Qizhen was promoted to the position of eunuch after zhu Qizhen ascended the throne), Andi, Shi Zai:
and Ying Zongli, young. Zhen cunning won the emperor's joy, so Yue Jin Ying and several other people took charge of the ceremonial supervisor
Wang Zhen was reused in addition to the fact that he was an old man who grew up serving Ming Yingzong, but also related to the deliberate and rigorous teaching of Zhu Qizhen by the auxiliary ministers such as the "Three Yangs" cabinet, there was no peer around, only eunuchs obeyed him, of course, he had to trust Wang Zhen, and Wang Zhen, whether it was dictatorship or not, at least in action, was thinking about Ming Yingzong, and was helping him maintain imperial power: "'Guiding the emperor to use heavy codes to prevent the ministers from cheating'", Zhu Qizhen, which has been suppressed by the empress dowager and auxiliary ministers, needs Wang Zhen.
''The Change of Tumu Fort'' guided the change, imprisoning The Nangong to temper Zhu Qizhen's mind
When Empress Dowager Zhang and 'Sanyang'' were alive, Wang Zhen and Zhu Qizhen did not dare to be too out of line, after all, the people were all imperial elders and elders of several dynasties, assisted by the edict of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, and when they all died, this big and small one was considered to jump out, although there was also a Sun Empress pressed on it, but she was Zhu Qizhen's mother (the "History of Ming" also said that Zhu Qizhen was the son of Empress Sun who plotted to seize the palace), compared to others, Empress Sun was more accommodating to Zhu Qizhen, and at this time Zhu Qizhen almost obeyed Wang Zhenyan.
Wang Zhen mistreated the tribute of the Wara chiefs also first, induced also led the army to attack the Ming, and then led to the occurrence of "'Tumu Fort Change'", Zhu Qizhen was honored to become the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty to be captured by the enemy army, living in the vast steppe for nearly a year, Zhu QiZhen, who was already in his twenties, was facing death threats at all times in this year, in addition to being frightened, it is estimated that he also began to have time to think about life, of course, at this time, Zhu QiZhen was only thinking about why he failed at Tumu Fort.
The leader of the Wallachians also first watched the Ming Dynasty establish a new emperor after being captured in Zhuqi Town, without compromise, there was no good way, he could not fight and fight, he had not yet unified the Mongolian steppe, there were still many enemies behind him, in order not to offend the Ming Dynasty to death, zhu Qizhen was put back, Zhu Qizhen just returned to Beijing, he was imprisoned by the successor emperor Emperor Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Qiyu, in this second prison career, Ming Yingzong probably truly realized the pain of losing power and dying at any time.
Because he was the biggest threat to Zhu Qiyu's throne, he was closely guarded and monitored in the imprisoned residence of Nangong, and the emperor of the tangtang was not even able to eat and wear enough, and he needed Zhu Qizhen's wife, Empress Qian, to sell money for herself, and the daily meal was only a small hole passed, and the trees around the Nangong were also cut down to prevent someone from colluding with Zhu Qizhen, and the danger was even worse than the period of captivity on the grassland, in this case, Zhu Qizhen really began to grow, of course, just growing is not enough, he still needs opportunities.
"'The Change of The Gate'", Zhu Qizhen regained the throne and began to be a real emperor
In 1457, in the eighth year of Ming Jingtai, Emperor Zhu Qiyu of the Ming Dynasty was seriously ill, and in the case that his only son had already died of illness, Shi Heng, the Marquis of Wuqing, Xu Youzhen, the left deputy capital, and Cao Jixiang, the eunuch cao Jixiang, who were extremely uneasy about the situation after his death, released Zhu Qizhen in the Southern Palace with the consent of Empress Sun in the imperial palace, and together launched the "'Change of The Gate Seizure'", and after successfully imprisoning Zhu Qiyu, who was seriously ill, and supported Zhu Qizhen to succeed to the throne as the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Qizhen became the Ninth Five-Year Emperor again after being imprisoned twice, and changed the yuan "Tianshun", which was much more mature than the earlier "Orthodox" (Zhu Qizhen's first era name when he became emperor), no longer listening to the empress dowager and 'Sanyang' in the front like the orthodox years, and completely obeying Wang Zhen in the back, beginning to have his own independent emperor personality, and also began to understand politics better, and not long after he succeeded to the throne, Zhu Qizhen, once a good child, let his brother Zhu Qiyu accompany the old ancestors.
Immediately after, at the same time as the great sealing of the heroes, Zhu Qizhen killed Yu Qian, who saved the Ming Dynasty from a dangerous situation after the change of Tumu Fort, and judging from the historical records, Zhu Qizhen knew that Yu Qian was a meritorious man: "'Yu Qian has merit'", and had a little hesitation, but when Xu Youzhen reminded him: "'Don't kill Yu Qian, this move is nameless'", the tried-and-tested Zhu Qizhen immediately understood that if he wanted to have legitimacy, he must kill Yu Qian, reasonablely, Humble is innocent, and politically he must kill. Zhu Qizhen, who already had a mature mentality, did not hesitate to approve of Yu Qian's death sentence.
During the Tianshun period, Zhu Qizhen began to understand how to be diligent in government, and the government affairs were not all faked by the courtiers and eunuchs, insisting on holding the power and not letting go, according to a passage that he and the courtiers said in the Records of Emperor Ming Yingzong: "Every time you get the chapter, you don't read it yourself, and the easy one is decided, and the one who is difficult to decide, Fu Qing, and so on, and the period must be made immediately and then out... What is the labor of being in the same place as usual? Otherwise, if you are sluggish and regret it, you can see that the change in Zhu QiZhen is much more like an emperor than the complete decentralization of power to Wang Zhen during the orthodox years.
Even Zhu Qizhen, who had re-ascended the throne, began to know that the courtiers who threatened the imperial power wanted to "'cunning rabbit death, running dog cooking''', ''the change of the door'" Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, and Cao Jixiang held the arrogance of their merits and fought for power and profit, Zhu Qizhen did not hesitate to deal with it, making full use of the contradictions between the three people and the dissatisfaction of the group of ministers with them, politically making them unable to turn over, killing Shi Heng and Cao Jixiang, belittling Xu Youzhen, and cutting off their threats to Zhu Qizhen's power. Incidentally, he also eliminated the dissatisfaction in the court for killing Yu Qian, and won both in one fell swoop.
Judging from the experience of Zhu Qizhen of Ming Yingzong, this is a story from a good child to a bad child, and then gradually matured, and the guidance of his grandmother and old masters when he was young made Zhu Qizhen confused, rebellious and slightly dissatisfied, Wang Zhen took advantage of the void and became his most trusted person, and the emperor who completely delegated power to the eunuchs certainly could not be said to be a good emperor. After experiencing great changes, after the threat of death and political and life discrimination, Zhu Qizhen had an epiphany, and began to become cold politically, but became the right emperor.
However, in general, Zhu Qizhen was still a very humane emperor, and Wang Zhen led to the fiasco of the Ming Dynasty when the "Change of Tumu Fort" also led to his eight or nine years of imprisonment, but Zhu Qizhen still missed Wang Zhen, a close friend who accompanied him: "'Yingzong restoration, Gu Nianzhen does not pay attention. During his second reign, he also restored the name of Hu Shanxiang after Emperor Xuanzong's dethronement, released Emperor Jianwen's only imprisoned son, Zhu Yougui, and before his death, instructed his son Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen to abolish the system of palace concubines, so although he was also one of the main responsible persons for the "change of Tumu Fort", he also killed Yu Qian, and the "History of Ming" still gave him the evaluation of "then the things of virtue can be done by future generations".