Tiananmen is one of the representative buildings of our country, it is located on the central axis of Beijing, located at the southern end of the Forbidden City, the shape is majestic and majestic, and today's flag-raising activities are often held in Tiananmen Square. Tiananmen Square, which carries the memory of our nation, is a representative building of the Ming Dynasty's Yongle Emperor in his power, built in 1417, when Zhu Di moved the capital to the city of Beijing in order to deter the enemies in the north and stimulate the nation's martial will.
Tiananmen Square was originally named Chengtianmen, which means "to inherit the destiny of heaven and to be ordained by heaven", expressing the good wishes of the people at that time for their country and nation. Its designer is the Great Engineer Qu Xiang during the Ming Dynasty, their family hereditary craftsman position, his generation once achieved the Ministry of Works, in charge of the world's major projects, has presided over the construction of the Beijing Imperial Palace, the first three halls of the Imperial Palace, Changling, Xianling, Longfu Temple, Beijing Xiyuan (now Beihai, Zhonghai, Nanhai) Temple, Yuling, etc., craftsmanship that has nothing to say.
Later, Tiananmen Went through the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period and always stood tall. During this period, Tiananmen Made some reconstructions, changing the city platform to 13 meters high, and adding a 1.6-meter Hanbai Jade Sumiya Seat to the bottom. The Tiananmen Gate is paved with red bricks, and the city tower is nine rooms wide and five deep, symbolizing the fifth qiangua that represents the emperor in "Zhou Yi": "Nine Five," the flying dragon is in the sky." During this period, Chengtianmen was changed to Tiananmen.
As the grandest gate at the time, Tiananmen was a symbol of imperial power and the highest power in China, and only the emperor could enter through the largest middle gate, while others had to find a place equal to their own identity. If the crime of treason is committed in violation of etiquette, the punishment is quite severe. If you accidentally go to the position where the emperor should go, you may be sentenced to the crime of treason.
However, feudal decadence ended in 1912, and Emperor Puyi of the Qing Dynasty announced his abdication. In 1949, after defeating all the forces at home and abroad that prevented the Chinese people from standing up, people began to plan the question of the capital of the founding of the country. In the end, in the form of votes, Beijing defeated Xi'an with a 1 vote advantage as the capital of New China. In order to make the gate of this city more suitable for people's pleasant atmosphere, on August 9, 1949, people made simple modifications and decorations to Tiananmen Square to greet the founding ceremony with the most beautiful posture.
In 1952, after the founding ceremony and other trifles, it was decided to carry out a large-scale renovation of this ancient city gate, without changing the main structure of the city tower, to renovate its old, old, dilapidated and damaged parts, which was 260 years after its overhaul in 1690. Minor parts such as the corner beams on the castle towers have been renovated, and thunderbolts have been added to the tall towers, hoping to preserve the Gate of the Ming Dynasty forever.
However, this city tower has been more than 500-600 years after all, although people want to preserve it without affecting its main structure, but as an old man who is nearly 600 "years old", it is finally not ok. In 1966, an earthquake occurred in Xingtai, and some beams and columns of Tiananmen Square were tilted at a large angle, resulting in serious safety hazards. Although people have also used iron hoops to reinforce it, this is a "dangerous house" after all.
So, in 1969, preparations began to rebuild the entire Tiananmen Square. Although it is a reconstruction, it still tries to maintain the original style of Tiananmen, but it has been increased in size. For example, the original Tiananmen Tower was only more than 33 meters high, but now it is designed at 34.7 meters, 83 centimeters higher than the original design, to highlight our new era to create a new height. Other details have rarely changed, except that the dragon pattern of the original dripping tile head has been replaced by a sunflower pattern.
During the demolition of the old city tower, people found a delicate gold silk nan wooden box among the glazed tiles at the highest ridge tile of Tiananmen Square, and cut open the tiles, and the workers excitedly said: "Finally found!" "Only to see this small wooden box about 30 cm Jianfang 5 size, the outside is engraved with exquisite Erlong play bead pattern, people open the wooden box, found that there is a thumb-sized ruby, cinnabar, as well as soybeans, sorghum, black beans, millet and corn and other grains, people quickly handed these things to experts.
After the expert got it, he exclaimed: It is actually it! It turns out that in ancient times, Tianzi often sacrificed grains to the heavens, and this small box was obviously the sacrifice of the son of heaven to the heavens, so it had a very high historical value. In addition, its box is also a very noble gold silk nan wood, the pattern also has research value, and the back has become an important national treasure of our country.