The Battle of Yiling actually caused Liu Bei heavy losses: seven generals were killed, five surrendered, and one was missing
Introduction: In the 100 years before and after the Three Kingdoms, there were many wars, but it is recognized that there were only three most important battles, namely the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Yiling. The Battle of Guandu was a war between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, and the person who won this war would become the strongest prince at that time, and the later winner would be Cao Cao. The Battle of Chibi was a war in which Cao Cao and Liu Sun allied, and liu bei and Sun Quan also established a three-way division of the world after winning the war. The Battle of Yiling was a war between Liu Bei and Eastern Wu, which ended in the fiasco of Shu Han, in which seven military generals on Liu Bei's side were killed, five military generals surrendered, and one military general disappeared, which also laid the groundwork for the demise of Shu Han.
When Guan Yuzhen was defending Jingzhou, he did not follow Zhuge Liang's concept of "befriending Sun Quan and relying on Cao Cao in the north", and he brazenly launched the Battle of Xiangfan under the unclear attitude of Eastern Wu, and at the beginning of the war, Cao Wei was defeated and retreated, but also let Eastern Wu discover the emptiness of Jingzhou's defenses. So Lü Meng, the governor of Eastern Wu, led his soldiers disguised as merchants to enter Jingzhou and sneak attacked, and finally Guan Yu was defeated and killed, and the entire Jingzhou was also controlled by Eastern Wu. Guan Yu was Liu Bei's second brother, and Jingzhou was also an indispensable strategic location for Shu Han, and Liu Bei led his troops to retake Jingzhou after preparing military supplies for two years.
But what Liu Bei did not expect was that after Zhou Yu's death, Eastern Wu had another general lu xun who was not inferior to Zhou Yu's, and at the beginning of the war, Lu Xun first showed weakness to Liu Bei, and after Liu Bei continuously conquered many cities, the battle line became longer and longer, so Lu Xun began to surround Liu Bei and organize a counterattack. Lu Xun took advantage of the dry weather to burn Liu Bei's camp with a torch, and then went to annihilate Liu Bei's remnants of the defeated generals, tens of thousands of troops were wiped out, liu Bei himself almost died on the battlefield, fortunately there were guards desperately protected to break through back to the White Emperor City.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the Shu Han general Fu Wei was besieged by the Wu general Ding Feng when he was a liu bei, and At that time Ding Feng advised Fu Feng to surrender, but Fu Wei ning died and was killed by the rebel army. The troops of Cheng Qi, Feng Xi, and Zhang Nan were originally guarding positions south of Yiling, but the Wu general Zhou Tai surrounded them and falsely reported liu Bei's death, and the three of them killed themselves on the spot after being sad and angry. Ma Liang and Wang Fu, the two generals, died in the position when they first burned the camp, and the barbarian king Sha Moke originally wanted to run back to Wuling, but was intercepted and killed by the Wu general Gan Ning in the middle of the road, and his head was also cut off by Gan Ning.
Before the burning of the camp, Liu Bei also arranged for Huang Quan, Shi Guo, and Pang Lin to garrison the northern part of Yiling with three armies to prevent Cao Wei's surprise attack, but after the war, their retreat had been cut off by Eastern Wu, and Huang Quan weighed the pros and cons and took them to surrender to Cao Wei. Du Lu and Liu Ning, the two generals, saw that the signs were not right and surrendered to Eastern Wu on the spot, and in order to show their loyalty, they also participated in the task of intercepting and killing Liu Bei. In the end, the whereabouts of Chen Shi's lone army were unknown, and he was never heard from again.
Conclusion: It is said that the war is fought in the comprehensive national strength of a country, and the Shu Han who lost Jingzhou was only one-fifth of Cao Wei's national strength and one-half of that of Eastern Wu. Therefore, before the war, the Shu Han courtiers already knew the results and dissuaded Liu Bei, and Liu Bei was angry and used things to make Shu Han suffer such a big loss, perhaps he was also very heartbroken after the war.