Yong Shixia Jiang Wei
WuDe is not responsible, and the heavy pass is as deep as the palm of the hand.
The netherworld is not a gangster, but a piece of heart.
The Shu Han Dynasty was a very popular regime during the Three Kingdoms period, because it was very idealistic from the time of its founding. Characters like Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, and Jiang Wei are also very charismatic. However, the controversy over the character of Jiang Wei is very big. Some people believe that Jiang Wei's blind launch of the Northern Expedition was a matter of exhausting military force and greatly depleting the national strength of Shu Han; others believe that Jiang Wei easily changed the defensive system arranged by Shu Han in Hanzhong, thus causing Zhong Hui to easily enter Hanzhong, break through the Yang'an Pass, threaten the Sichuan Plain, and provide Deng Ai with the opportunity to smuggle across the river. Therefore, Jiang Wei was the culprit who led to the demise of shu Han. So Xiaobian will talk about this matter: should the pot of Shu Han's demise be carried by Jiang Wei?
The so-called Jiang Wei's poor soldiers
When it comes to Jiang Wei, the first label is poor soldiers. In the late Shu Han Dynasty, the national strength was already relatively weak, and political problems also arose; in the DPRK, the voices of the anti-war faction were basically the voices of the anti-war faction, and there were not many voices of the main war faction, that is, Jiang Wei, Chen Qi, and Zhang Ling.
Amid the clamor of the anti-war faction, Jiang Wei continued to be determined to carry out the Northern Expedition, which was really out of place. So Jiang Wei became the one who was poor in arms: everyone wants peace, you are still thinking about the Northern Expedition, you are not a poor soldier and a martial artist?
However, the necessity of the Northern Expedition will not be denied because everyone does not approve of it. Zhuge Liang's "Table of Later Masters" (the author is controversial, and the editor thinks that it was written by Zhuge Liang) and Zhuge Ke's "Treatise on Cutting Wei" both mention the necessity of the Northern Expedition. Although Shu Han and Eastern Wu looked very large and could be similar to Cao Wei, the local population, economy, and natural environment were far from being comparable to Cao Wei. If Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu did not fight anyone, and each of them developed with peace of mind, the rise rate of Cao Wei's national strength was obviously stronger than that of the other two countries. At that time, Cao Wei would crush Shu Han and Eastern Wu with strong national strength.
In order to avoid this situation, Shu Han and Eastern Wu could only take the initiative to carry out the Northern Expedition to sabotage the economic production and population growth of Cao Wei's border areas and achieve the purpose of surviving through war. Moreover, if the Northern Expedition is not actively pursued in pursuit of victory, it will be contrary to the founding foundation of Shu Han, and Shu Han will gradually become a regime with no fighting spirit and willing to be partial to peace (in fact, there is already such a tendency), and finally it will be destroyed by Cao Wei.
"Later Master Table": "If you want to endure with the land of one state and the thief, this subject has not solved the six also." ”
"On the Cutting of Wei": "The thieves of today have many years, but they are still small and cannot use their ears." If it were to be repeated ten years from now, it would be multiplied by the present. ”
In addition, let's compare the Zhuge Liang period and the Jiang Wei period. Zhuge Liang's period was from the first year of Jianxing (i.e., 223 AD) to the twelfth year of Jianxing (i.e., 234 AD), with five Northern Expeditions in eleven years and a doubtful "Battle of Yangxi"; the Jiang Wei period was from the sixteenth year of Yanxi (i.e., 253 AD) to the sixth year of Jing Yao (i.e., 263 AD), and there were six Northern Expeditions in ten years.
The frequency is actually not much different from Zhuge Liang, and the scale of Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition is not as large as Zhuge Liang's, generally only tens of thousands of people. If Jiang Wei is a poor soldier, does Zhuge Liang also meet this criterion?
Jiang Wei changed the Hanzhong defense system
A big controversy in Jiang Wei was the change of a Hanzhong defense system built from the liu bei and even Zhang Lu periods. Before the defense system of Hanzhong, according to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Jiang Wei Biography", "real soldiers are surrounded by foreign enemies",
In fact, in the north and central part of Hanzhong, layers of siege and city docks were established, and the enemy attacked Hanzhong from Guanzhong to Qinling, and because of the role played by these encirclements, the enemy could not enter the Hanzhong Plain in large troops, and could only be blocked in the Qinling Mountains, unable to give play to the superiority of troops.
Jiang Wei believes that although such a defensive system can block the enemy outside the hinterland of Hanzhong, the enemy will come and go when he says, and there is no way to fight an annihilation war and eat the enemy's large troops.
Therefore, Jiang Wei changed this system, reducing the strength of some of the besieged forces in the northern part of Hanzhong and implementing the strategy of clearing the field. Although the enemy can assemble, there is no way to face some docks, sieges, and dangerous passes in Hanzhong, and the obstruction of Qinling will also cause logistical problems for the enemy troops entering Hanzhong. As soon as the enemy retreated, the troops in the various sieges, the docks, and some guerrilla forces in the field pursued and killed the enemy, so that they could kill and wound the enemy in large quantities.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Biography of Jiang Wei": "If the enemy is not heard, all the besiegers gather in the valley, retreat to the two cities of Han and Le, so that the enemy cannot be allowed (the word "must not" is suspected to be a derivative word, and the Huayang Guozhi records that "listening to the enemy into peace") into the peace, and the town is heavily guarded to defend it... On the day of retreat, and then the cities come out together, fighting with the rangers, and this art of annihilation is also. ”
Should Jiang Wei carry the pot after the demise of the Shu Han?
In the sixth year of Jingyao of the Shu Han Dynasty and the fourth year of Cao Wei Jingyuan (i.e., 263 AD), Sima Zhao urgently needed a great victory to increase his prestige, further enhance his title, and replace Cao Wei, so he launched a large-scale war against Shu Han. Sima Zhao's initial goal was to take Hanzhong, when Jiang Wei's army was in Puzhong, west of Hanzhong.
Cao Wei divided into three armies, with Deng Ai leading one way to attack Puzhong; Zhuge Xu attacking the Yinping Bridge between Hanzhong and Puzhong in another way, cutting off Jiang Wei's return road; and Zhong Hui leading the main force to attack Hanzhong.
Due to the weak defenses of Hanzhong, Zhong Hui successfully entered Hanzhong and conquered the Yang'an Pass and continued to go deeper into the Sichuan Plain; Jiang Wei shrugged off the siege of Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu and successfully reached the Sword Pavilion, where he confronted Zhong Hui. At this time, Deng Ai entered the Sichuan Plain from Jiangyou on the left, and defeated Zhuge Zhan, who had rushed to the scene, and approached Chengdu all the way. Under the military pressure of Deng Ai, Liu Chan surrendered, and shu Han perished. This is a rough process of the "Battle of Wei and Shu".
Xiao Bian also said above that because Jiang Wei reduced the strength of Hanzhong's troops, the various encirclements did not play a role in hindering Zhong Hui, allowing Zhong Hui's 100,000 troops to enter Hanzhong. Does this mean that Jiang Wei changed to the end of Shu Han? In fact, there is still room for debate.
Because before the Yang'an Pass was conquered, Jiang Wei's strategy was proceeding in an orderly manner.
Although Zhong Hui's army came to Hanzhong, the logistics force still needed to go to the Qin Mountains, and there were still problems with the logistics of Zhong Hui's army. Seoul, Lecheng, and Jinwei were not breached by Zhong Hui, and there were at least more than 10,000 Shu Han troops inside; on the other hand, Jiang Wei also threw off Zhuge Xu's blockade and was on the way to Hanzhong. If it were not for the breach of the Yang'an Pass, Zhong Hui would have received a large amount of hoarded grain and grass, and it is still unknown how long Zhong Hui would be able to hold out.
"Huayang Guozhi Houxian Zhi": "Entering the Han River, encircling many times, but the hidden (golden enclosure) does not move." Will not attack it, can not be overcome. ”
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, and Zhong Hui: "The Shu Overseer Wang Han guarded Lecheng, and the protector Jiang Bin guarded Seoul, with 5,000 soldiers each... Break through the castle and get the valley of the treasury. ”
And how was the Yang'an Pass conquered? First, there were two or five boys at Yang'an Pass, so Jiang Shu, the governor of Wuxing, took the initiative to surrender the city, rather than being attacked by insufficient troops; second, Liu Chan did not listen to Jiang Wei's opinion.
When Zhong Hui gathered his army in Guanzhong, Jiang Wei received the news and saw Cao Wei's intention to mobilize troops against Hanzhong. He suggested to Liu Chan that Zhang Yi and Liao Hua be sent to support Yang'an Pass and Yinping Bridgehead. Unfortunately, Liu Chan listened to Huang Hao's witch's lies and put the matter on hold. If Liu Chan could strengthen his defenses at the Yang'an Pass in time, Zhong Hui would most likely be trapped in the Hanzhong Plain and thus enter Jiang Wei's plan. Therefore, Xiaobian believes that Jiang Wei's change of the Hanzhong defense system is certainly a risky plan, but there is a problem in the implementation of this plan, and it is a very stupid problem, so it is also inappropriate to blame the proposer of the plan.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of the State of Huayang