At the time when New China was just founded, China's national defense and security were really not optimistic.
Because
We announced to the world at that time that we would not recognize it
imperialism
Imposed on China
Unequal treaties
And this naturally violates the interests of many Western countries, therefore
Many Western countries have always wanted to lock down China and restrict our development.
The most typical of these is the United States.
For example, in 1950, the United Nations army led by the United States invaded Korea on a large scale and burned the war to the Chinese border, when American bombers once crossed the border and bombed some Chinese cities, which aroused strong resistance from China, and finally even broke out the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
Portugal, which was also a member of the Western bloc at that time, has always been eyeing our territory.
In fact, as early as the middle of the 19th century, Portugal took advantage of the defeat of the Qing government in the Opium War and took advantage of the fire to illegally occupy the Macao region of our country.
It also forced the Qing government to sign a Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with Portugal, allowing it to ensure that it could be stationed in Macau for a long time.
In 1952, when it saw the fiery heat of our country's fighting with the US army on the Korean battlefield and had no time to look south, it pondered the repetition of the old trick.
He actually shot at the Chinese border guards, and then headed in
Arch North
A belt of artillery bombardment,
They want to force the officers and men of the People's Liberation Army to retreat in order to facilitate the encroachment on our land.
It is just that the newly established new China, although it is still in a situation of being in ruins and waiting to be rebuilt, is not strong enough in all aspects, but it is absolutely impossible to allow imperialism to be bullied like the Qing government, so when china handles this matter, although it is mainly peaceful handling, it has always shown extreme toughness, and on the issue of sovereignty, it will never back down.
then
After the liberation of Guangdong, all matters between Guangdong and Macao were chaired by the Guangdong Provincial People's Government
Ye Jianying
Come to the whole picture
He was responsible, and after receiving Chairman Mao's instructions, he finally solved this incident perfectly and won the perfect victory of the first border external incident since the founding of New China.
And when Portugal came to negotiate under the white flag, then what did Ye Jianying do to make Portugal have such a big change?
First, the incident
On the afternoon of July 25, 1952, a platoon of sentries from a company of the Ninth Regiment of a certain division of border guards of the People's Liberation Army was standing guard at the border.
In fact, the distance between the Border Guard Of the People's Liberation Army and the Portuguese Army is not particularly far, but a demarcation line is simply set up at the buffer zone gate between the two countries.
However, in the middle of the dividing line between the two sides, there is a prismatic Trojan horse as a symbol of the boundary, mainly because the gate itself is a relatively important import and export artery.
After all, to some extent, the customs gate is also a customs office in China, and it will be open to the public at a fixed time every month, mainly for the mainland to deliver grain to Macao, so it is certainly not appropriate to set up a barbed wire fence or resist horses.
But by 6:10 p.m., a black soldier in the Portuguese garrison had illegally invaded the cordon in the neutral zone, stood guard only a meter or so away from us, and later even went so far as to do so
The "Trojan Horse" placed horizontally between the two sides of the post moved forward a certain distance.
Clear-eyed people can see that this is a provocation, but at that time, our soldier on duty, Chen Xuedeng, still remained calm, and in accordance with the instructions above, he always gestured to the Portuguese sentry soldiers and horses to return with the principle of "don't take the initiative to cause trouble, and don't show weakness".
We in China pursue a defensive national policy, hope to resolve certain differences through cooperation with countries in the international community, war is always our last resort, China does not want to have a direct conflict with Portugal.
Therefore, on the Macao issue, we also hope to resolve it through peaceful negotiations. In this context, for this emergency, we originally wanted to solve it in a peaceful way.
But the Portuguese soldier could not see the good, and after receiving the warning, he was very unconvinced, but intensified
Nine more soldiers and brothers were summoned to push the Trojan horse into our cordon again, but when Zhao Xuedeng gestured again to warn him, they ignored it.
The Portuguese soldier's humiliating act made Chen Xuedeng feel extremely angry, and he immediately rushed up and threw the black soldier who was doing the trouble to the ground, while the rest of the people were frightened and fled back.
At first, the black soldier still wanted to resist desperately, but at this time, the deputy squad leader of the sixth squad, Ning Shengye, who was also on duty, arrived at the news, and everyone worked together to finally subdue the black Portuguese soldier.
2. Upgrade
After the soldier who crossed the border was captured, the Portuguese military, knowing that it was not reasonable, sent 6 more soldiers to rush into the border cordon of our country to compete with our border guards for the arrested black soldier.
Whoever offends us in China will be punished from afar.
Even in the case of an outnumbered enemy, it was impossible for our soldiers to bow their heads, so the two sides engaged in a "scramble." At the moment when our side was in a low ascendancy, Song Youzeng, the third shift leader who was preparing to change the guard, arrived in time and rushed over to help grab it.
At this point the Portuguese soldiers were a little embarrassed, and they escalated the conflict once again.
At that time, three Portuguese soldiers took advantage of Song Zeng's inattention and stabbed at him with bayonets, causing his left and right hands to be stabbed "red". And that wasn't enough, and the Portuguese bunkers even began to shoot at us.
At this point, our border guards could not bear it anymore and then gave a full-scale counterattack.
The stabbed Song Youzeng also endured his wounds, and then raised his submachine gun to strafe at the Portuguese soldiers, and the black soldier who took the lead in provoking the conflict was killed in the fierce battle, after which our army took the initiative to retreat.
However, the Portuguese military did not want to stop there, and there was a great tendency to expand the situation.
So the next morning six more Portuguese soldiers were sent across our cordon and opened fire on the sentries, while our troops immediately opened fire on the Portuguese fortifications in the area of the gates.
Our soldiers were all experienced in battle, and the Portuguese mercenaries were not opponents at all, so soon our army advanced 50 meters into the border area, and then forced the Portuguese soldiers to close the window of the bunker and did not dare to make any counterattack.
3. Sacrifice
At this time, the contradictions between the two countries are already very serious, and perhaps only a fuse is needed, which may lead to more serious conflicts between the two countries.
However, my country does not want to be the founder of war, and Chinese loves peace, so it has always released enough sincerity in the closing of the gate, even if our country is the moral side.
But the Portuguese have not accepted our kindness, have been unrepentant, and have regarded our kindness as cowardice, and they may have forgotten that although we do not want to fight, we have never feared war.
No, on the third day of clashes between the two sides, the Portuguese soldiers provoked again — and this time even more excessively, openly shooting down the flag set up by our border guards at the front line posts.
This is already a provocation to the dignity of our country and to the bottom line...
The five-star red flag was erected after the sacrifices of countless soldiers of our army, and absolutely no one was allowed to insult it, so the deputy company commander in charge of duty at that time, regardless of the danger to his own life, volunteered to lead a small team to raise the national flag.
That night, he took his warrior Su Guangzhao to touch the flagpole in the dark, and then lifted the flag into the air. But at this time, the Portuguese soldiers also found them and fired wildly at them, once again knocking down the flag.
At this time, the deputy company commander was worried about the safety of the soldier Su Guangzhao's life and asked him to quickly withdraw, but Su Guangzhao still insisted on completing the task, raised the national flag for the second time, and did not leave until it was raised to the top of the pole.
After seeing the national flag raised again, the criminals and soldiers were greatly encouraged and immediately ran to the forward position, but in the process of advancing they were bombarded by Portuguese artillery.
- And one of the shells unfortunately injured the abdomen, and the intestines were exposed and mixed with blood, and the scene was extremely tragic. But he still ignored his own injuries, covered his stomach and endured the pain, and continued to move forward, but because of his injuries, he did not run far and died heroically.
In the battle that night, Su Guangzhao, a soldier of the People's Liberation Army who raised the national flag for the second time, also immediately threw himself into battle after raising the national flag, but he was also hit by shells when he rushed to the forward position.
At first, he just fainted, but then he died heroically due to excessive blood loss...
Both of them sacrificed their precious lives for the sovereignty and dignity of the motherland.
4. Armistice
As early as the outbreak of the border conflict, the relevant departments of our country had already condemned the Portuguese authorities in Macao.
However, we have always wanted to contain the further expansion of the situation, so we have always characterized this incident as "a conflict" and should not evolve into a frontal war between countries.
However, Portugal did not pay any attention to our overtures, but constantly touched our bottom line.
So according to the instructions of the superiors, the Border Guard Of the People's Liberation Army ordered the beginning of a comprehensive military and economic blockade of Macau, which made the Portuguese side very struggling.
- You must know that Macao itself is a coastal port, and the surrounding areas of Macao are also Chinese territory, once we blockade Macao, Macao will not be able to obtain enough resources to supply, if this continues for a long time, the Portuguese authorities in Macao can only wait for death.
In fact, it is also true that after cutting off the transportation of grain, water and other civilian materials in the mainland, Macao has completely become a dead city. For a time, Macau residents were very panicked, and their lives were suddenly in chaos.
Not to mention that later the higher authorities also transferred a howitzer company from the field troops, and they were determined to fight the Portuguese in Macau for a long time.
The tough attitude of the People's Liberation Army has also caused great panic among the Portuguese authorities, and even if the Portuguese authorities are arrogant, they have no way to deny that they are just a small country!
In fact, it originally just wanted to take advantage of the fact that the United Nations army of the United States was fighting with China on the Korean battlefield, and it could barely use the support of "big brother" to get away with it, but it was obviously looking for the wrong opponent.
So in the end, we could only accept the result of the forced armistice.
Fifth, countermeasures
At the beginning, the gate incident once caused both China and Portugal to be on emergency alert for a relatively long time, not only did the personnel of both sides stop entering and leaving, but both armies had artillery offensives, and the situation was very tricky.
If things are handled carelessly, it is extremely likely to cause instability in Macao.
Therefore, after the incident occurred, Ke Zhengping, head of the Cpc Macao Working Group, immediately rushed to Guangzhou and informed Ye Jianying of everything, and Ye Jianying, after understanding the real situation, asked Ke Zhengping to relax and continue to work.
Regarding Portugal's provocation, Marshal Ye Jianying's view is that while maintaining sovereignty, it is necessary to ensure that the situation will not continue to ferment. But it was during the Korean War, the international situation was extremely complicated, and if imperialism made a big fuss about this gate incident, it would be even more miserable.
In order to avoid complications, Ye Jianying immediately reported the matter to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou.
The instructions given by Chairman Mao were: "The big countries are strict, the small countries are lenient, and Portugal is a small country and can be lenient." ”
Chairman Mao's idea actually coincided with Ye Jianying's, so Ye Jianying resolutely implemented Chairman Mao's strategy and made a lenient decision.
Later, at the emergency meeting with Australia, Ye Jianying stated his decision to the delegates, but at first many people did not agree, thinking that it was too dirty.
For these opposing voices, Ye Jianying gave a specific reply.
First of all, Ye Jianying agreed that everyone would have a reason for resentment.
He said that the founding of New China was founded, but Portugal's attitude proves that the Western imperialist countries still have a grudge against us, and want to set up a heavy blockade line against us and suppress us.
But then he also explained the reasons for not expanding the battle.
He said that Portugal was still different from the real Western imperialist countries, after all, it was already a weak imperialist country, and China, as a great power, should unite all the forces that could be united to concentrate on the enemy that should be dealt with.
Moreover, most of the residents of Macao are our compatriots, and after a long period of blockade and sanctions on Macao, will it not be our compatriots who will ultimately suffer? Therefore, when dealing with the problem of closing the gate, we should keep our sanity and not be blinded by anger.
Ye Jianying's explanation was very reasonable, and the comrades attending the meeting finally supported the resolution. Therefore, later in dealing with this emergency in Macao, our final conclusion was: there is no need to make a big fuss.
6. Handling
And it is precisely because we have always adhered to the policy of peace that "no need to make a big fuss" that we have always taken the initiative in this conflict, belonging to the righteous side, but the Portuguese authorities have been criticized by the citizens.
It is worth mentioning here that Ye Jianying's peace policy here does not mean that he will never fight back, it means that he will not take the lead in fighting back, do not take the initiative to expand the matter, we only fight counterattacks, and if the enemy is not merciful, we will not be merciful.
In fact, in Ye Jianying's view, if Portugal does not stop, we can also consume it on a small scale, after all, we can afford to consume, but Portugal can't say it well.
Portugal is not only afraid of China's economic and military blockade, but also afraid that the decline in public opinion will shake its rule in Macao, so under the pressure of many parties, after it has suffered a little, it will certainly agree to the peace talks.
In fact, it was indeed as Ye Jianying thought.
At that time, during the sino-Portuguese negotiations, in response to this conflict, our representative put forward three demands.
1. The Portuguese authorities must publish a public newspaper and apologize to our country; 2. The defensive network and limits established by Portugal in the gate area must be moved backwards; 3. The Portuguese authorities must compensate us for all the losses suffered by our side during the conflict.
It can be seen that our country has made a big concession, almost only under the premise of guaranteeing sovereignty, demanding a formal apology and a symbolic indemnity.
At first, the Governor of Macau was a little hesitant, but considering that he was now unreasonable, he could not say anything.
And if it really stiffens, it will only embarrass himself more, and he feels that maybe when the time comes to make some other demands under our oppression, he must also agree.
So after weighing the pros and cons, he still compromised and agreed to all our conditions.
When the clashes lasted for about a month, on August 23, the Portuguese authorities sent the Director of the Economic Bureau, Luo Bao, as a representative, to our camp with a Portuguese apology and a white flag.
Portugal acknowledged that the border clashes were a border conflict they had mistakenly provoked, apologized and promised that there would be no more similar incidents, and then Portugal withdrew its post and compensated us 44,373 yuan.
And Portugal's apology was also approved by Ye Jianying, and our country forgiven.
On August 25, our side resumed land communications with Macao, the tension between China and Portugal was completely lifted, and since then the border clashes have been successfully concluded under the leadership of Chairman Mao, which can be regarded as Chairman Mao's instructions.
7. Epilogue
At that time, when portugal provoked our army, the local people also actively supported our border guards - such as transporting ammunition and building fortifications. There were even people and militia members who spontaneously organized stretcher teams to help our army rescue the wounded, and one of the gate militiamen died in the process of transporting supplies.
It can be seen from this that the Guanzha incident was not only a victory for our army to counterattack against the outside world, but also a just struggle for the Chinese people to stand up against the armed provocations of the colonialists.
It shows that the new Chinese regime under the leadership of the Communist Party cannot be underestimated, and that the Chinese we have gained a new life is no longer scattered in the face of foreign aggression, but is incomparably united and unified.
In fact, the significance of the Korean War is great, but the role of the gate incidents that occurred at the same time cannot be ignored, because they all show the determination and confidence of New China to be absolutely inviolable.
All show that a prosperous China is slowly rising from the East...
This conflict, which seems to be accidental, is actually inevitable.
It appears to be the fault of a Portuguese mercenary. But in fact, it is obvious that it was deliberately provoked by the Portuguese authorities, who wanted to test our Bottom Line in China.
Portugal would like to see if China will dare to clash with itself again when it wants to deal with this powerful enemy of the United States, and if we do not dare and are not tough, then it will be able to advance and further expand the incident.
But Portugal still underestimated the boldness of our new China.
How can we be afraid of Portugal, which has only recently established the new regime, and who dares to send the People's Volunteers to the Korean battlefield to confront the United Nations forces? Portugal still seems too naïve.