In July 1952, the Korean War was raging, but at this time, a brief and fierce conflict suddenly broke out in the south of New China.
The Portuguese stationed in Macau suddenly opened a provocative shot at our patrolling the People's Liberation Army.
Subsequently, artillery was mobilized to shell the interior, causing great damage to the property of our residents, and then it took only 6 days for our People's Liberation Army to fight back bravely.
On the basis of the Portuguese government's withdrawal of troops, it confessed its mistake and compensated our side with 44,000 yuan (old currency),
And this is the famous "gate incident" after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
So what is the specific process of this incident? And why did the always arrogant imperialism finally choose to apologize and pay reparations? Next, we will understand the closing event that forced imperialism to withdraw its troops and pay reparations.
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1. The Macao Question
On December 20, 1999, New China officially recovered the sovereignty of Macao and established the Macao Special Administrative Region, so that Macao, which had been colonized by the Portuguese for a hundred years, was finally returned to The Motherland, in fact, Macao had already appeared as early as the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty.
At that time, the Portuguese came to China and claimed that they needed a place to stop the ship to dry the goods, so they signed a treaty with the Ming Dynasty to give the Ming Dynasty 500 taels of silver as rent every year.
The Portuguese settled in Macau.
In modern times, the Qing Dynasty has fallen and decayed, and the Portuguese government has seized the opportunity to forcibly occupy the islands around Macao and send garrisons to blockade Macau.
Forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, Macao became a Portuguese colony.
After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao announced to all countries in the world that he would not recognize all the unequal treaties signed by the Qing government in the past, and that he would inevitably defend China's territorial integrity to the end, so he began to negotiate with the British and Portuguese governments.
It is hoped that it will be withdrawn in the form of peace negotiations.
Shutdown events
However, at this time, the Korean War broke out, Britain and Portugal followed the pace of the United States to send troops to Korea, volunteer troops entered the DPRK to fight, and the great cause of reunification of New China was interrupted by US imperialism.
The Portuguese government also took the opportunity to send a garrison of more than 1,500 people to Macau.
Although the new Chinese government also sent an additional garrison patrol around Macao after learning of the "small moves" of the Portuguese, the main enemy of New China at that time was still the United States, so it did not pay too much attention to Portugal.
Originally, New China did not pay attention, as long as the Portuguese troops stationed in Australia stayed in the barracks honestly, the two sides would be at peace with "well water does not violate the river water".
However, the Portuguese army took the initiative to provoke the incident, which completely angered the People's Liberation Army.
2. Portuguese provocation
The demarcation between China and Portugal in Macau is a place known as the "Gate Gate", where Portuguese troops were stationed after the Portuguese government forcibly occupied Macau to block a pass in Macau.
But after the end of World War II in 1945, the Portuguese government saw Chiang Kai-shek's cowardice.
So he took the initiative to move the patrol line inland by 33 meters, and also set up a defensive line here.
The Portuguese army swaggered around here.
After the founding of New China, because a sudden outbreak of the Korean War was held back by huge energy, there was no actual action on this, but a border guard army was also sent to patrol here.
Originally, there was no conflict between the two, but after the Portuguese government stationed more troops, the Portuguese army began to have frequent provocative "small actions", which our army also protested, but after all, it was only friction and did not cause losses, so there was no excessive interference.
However, the Portuguese army thought that New China was a good bully, so they decided to do another "big" vote, but the consequences of this big vote were far beyond their expectations.
At present, there are many theories about the outbreak of this incident, some of which are that the Portuguese army spit on the PLA and even peed on the PLA, because of the more than 1500 Portuguese troops, except for a few commanders who are white, are black, and their education level is low and poor.
However, according to the information provided by our official authorities,
It was the Portuguese army that took the initiative to provoke our border guards while patrolling, and also stabbed two soldiers.
Our army then counterattacked, but after the Withdrawal, the Portuguese Army actually mobilized artillery to shell inland, causing casualties among our civilians and a great threat to the safety of property, and our army was forced to carry out artillery battles to defeat the Portuguese army.
The general process is like this, and we will talk about the details later, but whether it is folk accounts or official data of our country, all show that the Portuguese army first provoked and also caused casualties in our army, and our army was forced to launch a counterattack.
It can also be seen from this that this imperialism, which has been in decline for hundreds of years, still looks down on New China and vainly wants to use force to force the Chinese government to retreat, but unfortunately they cannot understand that we are no longer the decadent Qing Dynasty.
Their provocations can only bring us the steel guns and bayonets of our army!
3. Barrier conflicts
On the afternoon of July 25, 1952, a Portuguese soldier patrolling outside the gate suddenly pushed his own "rejecting horse" to our side by one meter, at that time, the patrol personnel of our army strictly obeyed the instructions of the central authorities, "neither taking the initiative to cause trouble, nor showing weakness, justifying and benefiting and moderation."
So our personnel gestured to him to indicate that the other side had crossed the line, asking the Portuguese army to immediately withdraw to its original position, but the Portuguese army refused to accept, but instead rushed out of the gate and several Portuguese troops shouted and provoked our army.
He also stabbed our army's border guards with bayonets.
After the clashes, the Portuguese army also moved heavy machine guns from the barracks to strafe our army's defense area, and our army immediately returned fire and threw grenades, and the fighting between the two sides officially broke out. Subsequently, our troops who rushed to reinforcement organized an offensive formation to launch a fierce attack on the Portuguese army.
After the Portuguese army was defeated, it withdrew to the defense inside the gate.
That night, the Portuguese army urgently mobilized several heavy artillery shells to shell our positions and inland areas, and our army did not notice that several people were injured for a while, and many houses of inland residents were damaged, and there were casualties, and several residents were killed in the shelling.
Immediately after the Portuguese army opened fire, our army also immediately requested artillery support, and then the two sides launched a fierce artillery battle, and the battle ended until the second half of the night, when the residents of Macao were panicked and spread everywhere
Rumors that the People's Liberation Army is preparing to retake Macau by force.
At the beginning of the battle, the Portuguese governor in Australia felt that the development of the situation had far exceeded his expectations, so he immediately asked the domestic government for instructions on what to do next, and the Portuguese government, after learning of the Sino-Portuguese conflict,
He believes that he cannot back down at the moment, so he wants to continue to expand the situation and force the Chinese government to retreat.
Therefore, on the one hand, the Portuguese government urgently contacted britain, the United States and other countries for consultation, and on the other hand, it also vigorously smeared the Chinese government in the international community, claiming that this incident was completely provoked by the People's Liberation Army.
In the face of Portugal's smear remarks, the Chinese government also issued a solemn protest, while the front-line combat troops still did not stop their offensive.
The Portuguese army was suppressed in the gate and could not move, so it had to constantly ask for help from the country.
The Portuguese government had thought that if it asked Britain and the United States for help, they would speak up for themselves, but unfortunately, Britain did speak out, but only verbally condemned.
Black mercenaries
As for the United States, it was completely ignored, because the situation of the United States at this time in the Korean War was extremely difficult.
The U.S. government does not want to continue to anger the Chinese government at this time.
The desperate Portuguese government was ready to withstand the pressure, but our country continued to act, and Macau was actually isolated by the sea.
The only link to the inland is now blocked again, and Macau has no land to grow crops, so all supplies are purchased from the inland.
Our army blockaded the area after the battle and cut off the delivery of supplies, so that after only six days Portugal could not hold out.
The Governor-General in Australia wanted to settle the dispute through peace talks, but china and Portugal did not establish diplomatic relations.
Later, the Portuguese Governor ordered the Director of Economy, Luo Bao, to find a channel of communication with the Chinese government, and Luo Bao found Ma Man Kei, then vice president of the Macau Chamber of Commerce, to negotiate with us.
The Chinese side came forward as Mr. He Xian, who was personally received by Chairman Mao after the dispute was over.
Macao's return
Through Mr. Ho Yin Sr., we have put forward three conditions to the Portuguese Government: First, the Portuguese army must cease fire immediately, withdraw all of them to the gate, and no longer provoke trouble; second, the Portuguese Government must publicly apologize and make official written documents; and third, we must compensate for the losses caused by our side.
After the first representations between the two sides, the Portuguese government said that it could accept the first condition, but the next two refused to accept it, and our side said that all three conditions must be accepted, otherwise the fighting would not cease.
After seventeen consecutive rounds of talks, the Portuguese government was finally willing to face reality and agreed to our three conditions, 1
On August 23, 952, the Portuguese government issued a written apology document and withdrew all soldiers, while also compensating us 44372.3 yuan (old currency).
The closure of the gates was also officially brought to an end by the retreat of the Portuguese government.
Night view of Macau
4. Event Impact
In fact, as early as after the conflict, there have been voices in China that want to take this opportunity to recover Macao in one fell swoop, but considering that china was at war with the US military in Korea at that time, New China was after all the initial establishment and did not have enough strength to carry out a two-front war.
Therefore, after Marshal Ye Jianying learned of the conflict, he immediately submitted it to the Central Committee for instructions, and the chairman, after comprehensively considering the domestic and international situation,
It is pointed out that "large countries are strict, and small countries are lenient." Portugal is a small country that can be treated leniently"
Ye Shuai immediately arranged peace talks after receiving instructions from the central authorities, and the Portuguese government at this time also expressed its desire to resolve the matter peacefully in a timely manner, so with the efforts of both sides, the Guanzha incident was finally resolved peacefully.