Macau is not very peaceful in history, controlled by Portuguese forces for many years, in 1952 a Portuguese soldier urinated in public on the cordon, provoking the mainland border guards for no reason, resulting in the intensification of sino-Portuguese contradictions. In the end, more than thirty people were killed and wounded in our army, but blindly tolerated but in exchange for such a result, how did the mainland deal with it? Why did Portugal instigate it? Today's content will take a look at it with everyone, interested partners don't forget to like and pay attention to Oh!
Macau
Colonial Expansion Macau suffered
Portuguese wolf ambitions, the country is not bold or small?
With the gradual opening of the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, the Portuguese state relied on its maritime superiority to continue colonial expansion. In its heyday, Portugal became colonies in 53 countries and regions, and its ambitions were quite large.
Macau has been part of China since ancient times, and as part of China's territory, it quickly pointed the finger at the Macau region when Portugal expanded overseas. After the Portuguese occupied Malacca, they began to look at the South China Sea, and during the Ming Jiajing period, the Portuguese began to find ways to live in Macau under the guise of exposed goods.
However, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, overseas trade was subject to many restrictions, and although Portugal obtained the right of residence in Macau, it had to pay a certain rent to the Chinese government every year, so Macao at that time was still controlled by the mainland. During the Ming Dynasty, in order to limit the scope of the Portuguese, special gates were also built. However, the policy was not perfect, and the Portuguese have been active in Macau, and even almost become a gathering place for the Portuguese.
Colonial expansion
After the Opium War, China signed the Treaty of Nanking, which humiliated the country, and at that time, the Qing government was weak and incompetent, almost to the point where people could be bullied, and the Western powers gradually started the idea of dividing China. Among them was portugal, which began to express strong dissatisfaction with the mainland government's control and took advantage of the fire and robbery to sign a series of unequal treaties with the Qing government.
Therefore, to a certain extent, Macao has become a Portuguese colony, and after the signing of the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, Portugal was even more unscrupulous and wanted to grab more benefits from it.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, some Nationalist generals stationed in Guangdong said that if a division was needed to reclaim Hong Kong, then a battalion was needed to reclaim Macao. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek did not think of taking Back Macao, but his focus was not here, plus Chiang Kai-shek was bent on civil war, and without the support of the United States and Britain and other countries, he would not find trouble on his own.
Chiang Kai-shek
After the Battle of the River Crossing in 1949, the People's Liberation Army marched south and swept away the enemy in the south with an unstoppable momentum.
In October, the Guangdong Campaign annihilated more than 62,000 enemy troops, and all areas except the Leizhou Peninsula were liberated. However, Macao was still under the actual control of Portugal, and after the liberation of Guangdong, the People's Liberation Army replaced the original nationalist army and continued to stand guard at Guanzha and other places.
Until the founding of New China, the Chinese government announced the abolition of all unequal treaties signed before, but Hong Kong and Macao still failed to return to the embrace of the motherland.
Moreover, Unlike Hong Kong, the Chinese government has the right to reclaim the territorial sovereignty of Macao at any time on this issue, but Portugal certainly does not do it, and they still think that they are still the original "great power".
Since the founding of the country had just been established, and the mainland advocated peaceful means to solve the problem, in order to prevent crossing the border, China and Portugal set up a cordon at the gate and carved out a neutral zone. The Gate gate is located in the area north of Macau, between the Gate gate and the Gongbei Pass, and both sides have since sent troops to garrison, and there is also a wooden horse as a symbol of the boundary. It was stipulated that neither side could cross the line and be at peace for a long time, but Portugal would not give up.
After the outbreak of the Korean War, China organized a large number of volunteer troops to fight the United States, and Portugal felt that its opportunity had come and wanted to take advantage of the fire. In just two months from October to December 1951, they initiated more than 40 armed conflicts, including, but not limited to, verbal abuse of mainland fighters and throwing garbage on the side of border fighters. But in line with the principle of a state of etiquette that does not cause trouble, Chinese fighters have ignored these provocations.
The Portuguese garrison in Macau at that time was not much, and the defensive force was not as good as that of the mainland, so they only dared to find a sense of presence in such a small matter. At that time, some people also suggested taking advantage of this opportunity to take back the Hong Kong and Macao regions, but Chairman Mao thought deeply and foresight, believing that "long-term planning and making full use of them" was the desirable way, so he decided to suspend the settlement of the Hong Kong and Macao problems.
Repeated provocations The contradictions in the gates have escalated
How does China face provocation in the conflict between the two countries caused by a urination?
In April 1952, the 29th Regiment of the 10th Public Security Division of the Central And Southern Military Region was ordered to enter the Qianshan area of Zhuhai City, and for those Portuguese soldiers stationed in the neutral zone, they did not pay attention to our soldiers.
Platon soldier
Just by looking at their attitude, Portugal employed a large number of black soldiers, who were not only unruly, but also lazy and looking for trouble, often waiting for opportunities to cross the border and provoke the authority of the mainland. They personally attacked those of us who had just arrived at the border guards, not only opening the gate, but also shouting and cursing at our soldiers, although it was unbearable, but the soldiers of our army did not pay attention to them, but just insisted on their posts and did not move at all.
But blindly tolerating only gives the other side the capital to indulge, they dare not fight back, they often pick quarrels and provoke trouble, and they have done many more stupid acts. Throw the garbage in your hands at us, what used waste paper, smoked cigarette butts, etc., the mouth is not dry, because of the language barrier, I don't know what they are saying, but it is certainly not a good word.
On July 15, 1952, the soldiers of the mainland patrolled near the cordon as usual, when they suddenly saw a black Portuguese soldier sneaking around there. But then it was discovered that the man was not trying to do anything bad, but had sprinkled a puddle of urine on the cordon.
Black Portuguese soldiers
Our soldiers did not say anything about this matter, quan should be just a joke, but the black soldier on the other side thought that it was a deliberate joke, and immediately became very angry, not only scolding, but also holding a gun and wanting to fire. In order to avoid unnecessary conflicts, our army maintained patience and restraint on this basis, and after the other side fired, it only symbolically dropped a grenade on the open ground.
Originally, this small matter did not cause any casualties, and it was not over. Just when everyone thought the conflict was over, the Portuguese soldiers began an unreasonable and disgusting provocation.
On 25 July, a Portuguese soldier deliberately and tentatively stepped into the neutral area of the gate while on patrol, and our army paid much attention to this act. But they had to go so far that they even crossed the national border and spat at our army's border guards, which can only be said to be childish and disgusting.
Then a black Portuguese soldier pushed the Trojan horse in the middle a little forward, which was tantamount to directly encroaching on the territorial sovereignty of the mainland. Although we do not take the initiative to cause trouble, we are absolutely not afraid of things, and blindly forbearing does not mean that they can invade at will. Zhao Xuedeng, a sentry of the Chinese border guard, gestured for the Portuguese soldiers to put the wooden horse back to its original position, but the other side not only ignored it, but also called his companions and pushed the wooden horse into the cordon again, crossing the cordon by one meter.
When our sentry saw this, we immediately severely stopped this behavior, but three soldiers on the other side actually stabbed the Chinese soldiers and used machine guns to intimidate, and then the two sides began an artillery battle. The other side not only shelled the residents of China's Gongbei region, but also shamelessly called a group of people to reinforce, and the situation became urgent.
The news soon reached Chairman Mao's ears, and he immediately issued an order to resolutely eliminate all enemies who had attacked, severely crack down on the anti-Chinese forces in the West, and make the Portuguese never look up on the border. After hearing this order, our PLA soldiers were riveted to teach each other a lesson, and Portugal did not even have the slightest chance to fight back.
Chairman Mao
Later, the Portuguese commander came with a few soldiers to ask for help, and they directly broke into the cordon, and the Portuguese soldiers who were ambushed near the gate suddenly and fiercely fired at this time, and a large rain of bullets fell on the border garrison of our army. Seeing that the other side was so arrogant and took the initiative to open fire, the commanders of our army also rose up to fight back, holding machine guns and starting to strafe.
Originally, they were rude first, and they knew that they could not fight it, so they had no choice but to flee, but our army did not know that this was just their conspiracy. That night, the Macao side held an emergency meeting with Britain, France, and other such areas, and the United States, Britain, and other countries that were afraid that the world would not be chaotic seemed to want to save face in the Korean battlefield, so they took the opportunity to stir up trouble.
The United States also tried to support Portugal by transferring several large warships stationed in Taiwan and other places to Hong Kong, causing the Hong Kong and Macao regions to become tense for a while.
U.S. warship
The next morning, the Portuguese soldiers took advantage of the fog to come to our cordon, took the opportunity to open fire and then retreated, and then the other side began to concentrate fire on our side. In the course of the fighting, they actually aimed at the mainland flag and knocked it to the ground, which not only angered the border guards, but also greatly insulted the dignity of the mainland.
Just when deputy company commander Xing Qi and su Guangzhao, a soldier of our army, climbed the flag tower to raise the national flag again, the heartbroken Portuguese actually fired a mortar at the flag tower, and a shell fell on the flagpole, Xing Qi, in order to protect the five-star red flag, was shot in the abdomen on the spot, and Su Guangzhao was also knocked to the ground, although the five-star red flag was raised again, but two soldiers died because of it.
Until 30 July, in the battle, our soldiers were wounded thirty people and two were killed, in addition to the casualties of the troops, some of the houses in gongbei were damaged by Portuguese artillery fire, accompanied by casualties.
Red flag
Seven inches of snake fighting Macau has finally returned
Where is the strength there, what qualifications does Portugal have to bargain with the mainland?
As the situation intensified, on August 2, 1952, the Chinese authorities decided to impose an economic blockade on Macau, close the gates and cut off all food and fresh water supplies, which hit Portugal seven inches.
Because Macao is surrounded by the sea on three sides and is far away from other countries, many food and daily necessities such as grain depend on Chinese mainland imports, and once the supply is cut off, even eating is a problem. For a time, the people on Macau Island panicked, prices soared, accompanied by wars, which brought great losses to the local people, and there were also british and American agents who instigated the fire, which caused panic among the people.
At that time, many Western media also deliberately distorted the facts, saying that China provoked the dispute and wanted to use the conflict to use the strength of a division to drive away the Portuguese troops stationed in Macao and take back Macao.
Of course, this is the result that Portugal does not want to see, just when the Chinese side announced the official suspension of trade with Macau, in just a few days, the price of goods rose to an unbelievable point, and as more and more people tried to flee to Hong Kong, the British government also began to panic, they simply could not afford it.
Therefore, the Governor of Macau sent Luo Bao to ask the representatives of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Macao, Ho Yin and Ma Man Kei, to mediate and ask the Chinese government for forgiveness. For the sake of the interests of the Macao compatriots and for the sake of the stability of Macao, He Xian and Ma Man-kei braved the scorching sun to go to the PLA headquarters in Baishi for 18 consecutive times to negotiate.
He Xian
The Party Central Committee personally ordered Ye Jianying to be lenient, after all, Portugal is also a small country, and the two sides do not want to set off any big storms. Therefore, we ask the other party to accept the three conditions, and promise not to make such mistakes in the future, apologize to us and compensate for the losses. However, the Portuguese side said that it could only accept the first condition, so the first negotiations ended in failure.
Portugal has no idea what kind of state it is in now, and does it still think that it is qualified to negotiate with the mainland? In any case, the government of the late Qing Dynasty is gone, and New China will not allow any force that infringes on the sovereignty of the mainland to exist.
After insisting for a few days, He Xian made it clear that if Portugal did not change its attitude, then China would also resolutely fight back, the Communist Party is not the Kuomintang, even the United States does not pay attention to it, how can it buy your Portuguese account?
Ye Jianying
In desperation, Portugal had to once again cheekily carry out the second negotiation, and under many negotiations, the Portuguese side had to agree to all the conditions put forward by our side, guarantee that similar things would happen again in the future, and publicly apologize to the Chinese side, while compensating the Chinese side for losses equivalent to 440 million, retreating the original post 50 meters back, and revoking the original Trojan horse.
In the end, the two sides also reached a consensus that the apology letter could not be published in the newspaper. On August 23, Portugal came to the gate with a white flag, stood in front of the People's Liberation Army with an apology and indemnity, and signed the apology in person. Subsequently, on August 25, the central government also issued an order to lift the blockade on Macau.
China has been a country that pays attention to peace since ancient times, but I did not expect that this quality would become cowardly in the eyes of others, which would cause so many contradictions, but we have never been a country that is a good bully. China will never tolerate foreign aggression, and blindly conniving and defending has made Westerners more advanced, which has also brought experience and lessons to the mainland.
Until 1999, Macao finally returned to the embrace of the motherland after many difficulties and obstacles. While China is becoming more and more powerful, we must always keep in mind the lesson that backwardness will be beaten.