Thousands of mountain birds flew away, and thousands of people disappeared. Lonely boat, fishing alone in the snow of the Cold River. I think everyone is familiar with this poem. The author of this poem is the famous Tang Dynasty poet Liu Zongyuan. This is really writing out thousands of loneliness, writing out a lonely and independent image of a hermit. But those who knew Liu Zongyuan's lineage understood that Liu Zongyuan was forced to be helpless, he really did not want to be a hermit, but he was relegated by the imperial court to the distant Yongzhou (present-day Lingling, Hunan), and had to express his depressed feelings with the image of "fishing alone in the Cold River".
So, what kind of life course did Liu Zongyuan behind this poem go through?
Liu Zongyuan was born into a famous and prestigious family, the Liu clan of Hedong, and his ancestors have been officials for generations, and they have a prominent lineage. Liu Zongyuan was famous when he was a teenager, and he entered high school at the age of only 21, and was promoted quickly, and the highest official rank was the official Wailang of the Ceremonial Department, equivalent to the official of Zhengliupin. However, the good times did not last long, and Liu Zongyuan not only lost his official position as a member of the Imperial Household Department, but was also demoted from far away to Yongzhou (永州, in present-day Hunan) as a Sima (司馬). So, what the hell is going on? Let Liu Zongyuan be relegated from the central government to the remote Yongzhou at once?
Here we are involved in a famous event - the Yongzhen Revolution. Liu Zongyuan began to serve as an official after three years of mourning for his deceased father, and was promoted all the way to the central government. On the recommendation of Liu Zongyuan's friend Liu Yuxi, he met Wang Shuwen. And Wang Shuwen played Go well, and when Tang Suzong Li Shu was still the prince, he served as a prince attendant and was deeply appreciated by the prince. After Emperor Shunzong of Tang succeeded to the throne as emperor, Wang Shuwen was naturally reused and had great power. Thanks to Wang Shuwen's promotion, Liu Zongyuan paid homage to Wailang, a member of the ceremonial department.
However, behind the seemingly infinite scenery, there is a huge crisis lurking. Liu Zongyuan participated in the Yongzhen Reform Movement led by Wang Shuwen, actively promoting a series of political measures such as suppressing eunuchs from within, controlling feudal towns outside, and reforming various maladministrations. The reforms, which were bound to touch the rights and interests of those who had ready-to-have interests, especially the eunuch clique, were met with strong resistance.
And the most crucial thing is that on the issue of establishing a prince, Liu Zongyuan is on the wrong side. This is also the most deadly. Because it was on the issue of making a prince. Liu Zongyuan wrote an article called "The Theory of The Six Inverse", and the core point of the state was that there was no distinction between nobles and lows in inheriting the throne, and it depended on IQ and ability, and it did not matter whether he was born or out. This view has greatly offended Li Chun, who was born as the eldest son.
Coupled with Tang Shunzong's frail health, he was soon forced to give way to the crown prince Li Chun, later Tang Xianzong, known in history as "Yongzhen Inner Zen". When Tang Xianzong became emperor, most of the officials who participated in the Yongzhen Reform were punished, died and were degraded, the most important figure Wang Shuwen was demoted first and then given to death, Wang Ling died of illness shortly after being degraded, and Wei Zhiyi, Han Tai, Chen Chen, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Han Ye, Ling Zhun, and Cheng Yi were all demoted to Sima and historically known as the "Two Kings and Eight Sima Incidents".
Among them, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou as Sima and his good friend Liu Yuxi was demoted to Langzhou (in present-day Changde, Hunan) as Sima (司馬), which can be described as a pity for the disease. However, unlike Liu Zongyuan's loneliness and loneliness, Liu Yuxi is optimistic and open-minded by nature. And the most damning thing is that Liu Yuxi also wrote contempt for the magnates into the poem. And so there was a big disaster.
In 815, both Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi received pardons from the imperial court and returned to Chang'an, Kyoto. It looks like a full decade of derogatory career is coming to an end. Liu Zongyuan was in a very comfortable mood on the road, and wrote "Miluo Meets the Wind" when passing by the Miluo River: Nanlai does not be a Chuchen sorrow, and re-enters the period of cultivation. In order to repay the spring wind Miluo Dao, Mo will be the wave of the time. It can be seen that Liu Zongyuan is like a spring breeze, and how good his mood is.
But they did not expect the plague to fall upon them again. The problem lies in a satirical poem written by Liu Yuxi. Soon after Liu Yuxi returned to Chang'an, he went to visit the Xuandu Temple, and even if he looked at the peach blossoms in full bloom, Liu Yuxi's poetry was great, and a poem "Yuan and Ten Years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to See the Flowers and Gentlemen" was waved.
Purple and red dust came to the face, and no one looked at the flowers back. The peach trees in the Xuandu Temple were all planted after Liu Lang went there.
On the surface, it is written about peach blossoms, but in fact it is satirized by the magnates of the dynasty. Meaning, if I am still in Chang'an, where will you have a chance to come forward? You say it's not okay to find something wrong? This stabbed the honeycomb, so how could the magnates give up, and tang Xianzong originally had opinions on them. At this point, Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan, two difficult brothers and brothers, were once again degraded, and they were further degraded and desolate. Liu Yuxi was demoted to Bo Prefecture (伯州, in modern Zunyi, Guizhou) and changed his name to Lianzhou (连州), while Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Liu Prefecture.) This time he was degraded, Liu Zongyuan never came back, and 4 years later, Liu Zongyuan fell ill and died. He died on December 31, 2012 at the age of 4
Looking at Liu Zongyuan, the first half of his life was triumphant, and the second half of his life experienced ups and downs, either being degraded or on the road of being degraded. But just as the Qing Dynasty poet Zhao Yi said, "The country's unfortunate poets are fortunate and endowed with vicissitudes and sentences", although the Northern Song Dynasty may have one less outstanding politician, it has one more great writer, leaving so many valuable cultural heritages to the world.