The Gui Dynasty originally wrote "Convert (Pronounce Guī) Dynasty", and for the convenience of reading, the "Converted Dynasty" was written as "Gui Dynasty".
Guichao Ancient Town, backed by Buyin Mountain and embracing the Puting River, is the former site of Shen Tusifu, one of the 18 major toasts in Yunnan. Shen Tusi ruled Fuzhou (present-day Funing County) for 624 years by virtue of his dangerous terrain. The Buyin Mountain behind Guichao Town and the Puting River, which is full of turquoise waves and curves on all sides, form a natural barrier of mountains and rivers. In ancient times, when military science was not yet well developed, the return to the dynasty could be called a pass that "can be attacked and retreated", and it must be fought over by soldiers. At that time, the Red Army used to be active here frequently, leaving behind the former site of the "Youth Association" of the Returned Dynasty, the former site of the "Brotherhood" Representative Conference, the site of the Datianba Blockade Battle, the site of the Ganmei Ambush Battle, the site of the Siege War of the Returned Dynasty, the site of the "Donglou Massacre" and other revolutionary sites, and it was one of the central areas of the red army guerrilla activities in the Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region.
Returned to the former site of the "Youth Association"
In November 1932, the Cpc In the lower reaches of the Right River party sent Li Jiaqi, Zhao Min, Li Zhuxuan, Huang Xiangshan, Nong Mingying, Lu Ding'an, Li Shaochu and other third groups of Red Army to Fuzhou County, Gui Dynasty, Baiyou and other places to conduct secret tandem. Chen Taiqing's wife and Li Jiaqi were both from Tiandong Pingma, Guangxi, and Li Jiaqi took advantage of his fellow villagers to hide in the Gui Dynasty and make a career of helping people sew clothes, and later became a recorder and deputy mayor of Guichao Town, secretly carrying out underground revolutionary activities. Lu Ding'an, who had also come with him, used the cover of helping people to untie wooden planks and operated in the baiyou, tail cave, and ganmei areas; Li Shaochu and Li Zhuxuan used the engraving of private seals as a cover to move in the county seat of Fuzhou; nong Mingying was a door-to-door son-in-law in Nali Village on the outskirts of the city, and together with Huang Xiangshan, he ran around the sand bucket, Babao, and Fuzhou areas in Guangnan under the cover of the horse-catching gang. Although they carried out revolutionary activities in different places, they often went to the Returned Korea to exchange information on their work.
By August 1934, the struggle against the enemy had changed from a semi-public struggle to an open struggle. At the same time, the Red Army led the troops to the Returning Dynasty to establish organizations such as the "Labor and Peasants' Association", the "Red Guards", and the "Youth Association". The main task of the "YMCA" is to help the Red Army propagate the Red regime under the leadership of the Communist Party, mobilize young people to join the ranks of the Red Army, unite the forces of all nationalities, carry out armed struggle, jointly overthrow the landlords and bandit bullies, and overthrow the Kuomintang ruling class that exploits and oppresses the people. Through the series of multiple forms and channels, the broad masses of the people were mobilized, the raging fire of the revolutionary struggle in Fuzhou was ignited, and the establishment of a revolutionary base area centered on the seven villages and nine lanes had a broad ideological foundation and a mass foundation.
In November 1934, the Provisional Committee of the CPC Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region, the Revolutionary Committee of the Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region, the Third Wing of the Labor-Peasant Guerrilla Brigade of the Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region, and the Labor-Peasants' Association of the Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region were established one after another, and the revolutionary struggle centered on the Seven Villages and Nine Lanes was launched in full swing. In mid-December, the Provisional Party Committee of the Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region of the Communist Party of China decided to concentrate the Red Army contingent in the Guizhou Reorganization Parade to expand the influence of the Red Army. After the Red Army arrived and returned to Korea, its headquarters was set up in the Guangdong Guild Hall, the seat of the Kuomintang district government. Nearby people rushed to see the style, and the streets of Guichao were crowded with people and red flags fluttering. Guichao Street, Molong, Laojie, Longtoujing, Hebeidian and other villages are full of Red Army. Slogans such as "Down with corrupt officials and corrupt officials," "Down with the Kuomintang government," "Down with local tycoons and inferior gentry," and "Do not serve as soldiers for warlords" were posted everywhere on The streets of Guichao. The Red Army sang in unison the revolutionary song "The leadership of the Communist Party is really correct / The masses of workers and peasants support a lot / The Red Army fought a war really well / Smashed the enemy's turtle shell / We are so happy / Dear Red Army / We are sure of victory / Go up the mountain and down the mountain to kill the enemy and don't leave one / Plant the red flag all over China", and the songs rose and fell, overflowing into the streets and floating on the banks of the Puting River.
The reorganization meeting began with the solemn sound of the "International Song", and the peasant Red Guards in Fuzhou County were reorganized into 23 brigades, each with a total of more than 2,700 people, ranging from dozens to more than 200 people. At that time, the reorganization of the Red Army could be said to have great influence and wide degree of propaganda, sowing the seeds of revolution in the hearts of the broad masses.
The revolutionary activities of the Red Army in the Funing area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region, especially the demonstrations for the reorganization of the Return to the DPRK, have greatly shocked the Kuomintang Guidian authorities and sent troops to form a situation of "suppression" in the base areas in the north and south. In the face of the military "encirclement and suppression" of the enemy's superior forces, the Red Army adopted the strategy of fragmenting into pieces, dispersing concealment, secret activities, and annihilating the enemy with cameras.
Cave building
Donglou is the name of a beach by the Guichao River, and anyone who is caught by the Kuomintang army and believes that it is the Red Army will be pulled to the Donglou beach and shot. After the Donglou massacre, the Kuomintang army stipulated that in the future, all landlords who let the Red Army live and who interacted with the Red Army would be shot once they were found. In a vain attempt to isolate and trap the Red Army, white terror enveloped the entire border area. At this time, more than 400 people from the Guangfu garrison's Longhan Dou troops and militia groups in various districts gathered in the Gui Dynasty.
In order to strike a blow at the arrogance of the enemy, the Red Army decided to adopt the method of attacking inside and outside and attacking the enemy who had returned to the DPRK by means of attacking inside and outside and closing the door to fight dogs. The Red Army deployed part of its forces in the Seven Villages and Nine Lanes, and part of its troops in Dongbo and Zhisang, forming a relatively large military encirclement, and dispatched Shen Huaiqian and Lao Zhengfeng, who had already penetrated into the enemy's interior, to respond internally.
At four o'clock in the morning of August 26, 1936, heavy fog shrouded the mountains and rivers of the returning dynasty, and within a few dozen steps, no shadows could be identified. Huang Desheng, commander of the Red Army guerrillas, and Li Jiaqi, chief of staff, led more than 200 Red Army guerrilla fighters to quietly approach the entrance of Guichao Street, And Shen Huaiqian, Lao Zhengfeng, and others opened the floodgates according to the agreed signal, and the Red Army guerrillas launched an attack on the enemy troops stationed in the streets with lightning speed, first capturing the pillboxes on the streets, and then capturing the district offices and controlling the entire Gui Dynasty. Hearing the news that the Red Army guerrillas had occupied and returned to Korea, Gan Rutang, the governor of Fuzhou County, sent a telegram to his superiors, requesting support from the province, and mobilized local vigilante groups to counterattack. Mu Zhixiang, the governor of Guangfu, led the Guangfu standing team to detour to the sand bucket and marched to the area of Dongbo Changle and Marxism-Leninism in a vain attempt to reinforce and return to Korea from the north, but was blocked by the Red Army guerrillas who had long been ambushed in Dongbo, and 3 other militia squadrons rushed to reinforcements from the direction of Houlongshan, but were also repelled by the Red Army guerrillas. The Red Army destroyed the enemy's fortress, annihilated dozens of enemy soldiers, captured more than 100 enemy soldiers, captured more than 100 long and short guns, and defeated the enemy.
Baiyou land reform pilot and Ganmei ambush battle
12 kilometers east of Guichao Town, there is a village called Baiyou Village, which is a Zhuang village on the border between Fuzhou and Napo in Guangxi, and now the village committee is also called "Baiyou". Baiyou Damzi is rich in water, fertile land, rich in rice, known as the "land of fish and rice". The entire Baiyou Dam is in a north-south trend, and on both sides of the dam are rolling mountains, and from north to south, there are three Zhuang villages in Jiangqu, Ganmei and Weidong.
In the 1930s, Baiyou Village had 10 villages, including Ganmei, Naxiang, Manlian, Nabang and Nali, with a total population of more than 400 households and nearly 2,000. This mountain dam with more than 2,000 acres of fertile land, good land and good land are occupied by rich families. In the summer of 1934, after Huang Qingjin, Li Dehui, and Li Jiaqi, cadres of the 62nd Regiment of the 21st Division of the Red 7th Army, led more than 500 people into Fuzhou, the soldiers were stationed in villages such as Ganmei, Jiangqu, and Weidong in three routes, and their headquarters was located in Jiangqu Village.
In accordance with the "Interim Regulations on the Land Law" and the "Regulations on Joint Cultivation" formulated and promulgated by the Youjiang Soviet Government on May 1, 1930, the Red Army sent more than 30 backbone Red Army cadres to more than 10 villages in Baiyou Village to widely publicize the principles, policies, and methods of land reform, to register land measurement, and prepare to carry out pilot projects here, implement land reform, and realize that "the tiller has his land." The Red Army held a meeting here to propagate to the masses that "following the Communist Party, turning over and turning over has its own share, whether old or young, everyone has a field to cultivate." Organize peasant associations and mobilize young people to join the Red Army. Slogans such as "Down with the Kuomintang," "Down with the Local Tyrants and Inferior Gentry," and "Long Live the Red Army" were put forward. This move of the Red Army shocked the local officials and gentry, and Zhou Bangfu, the commander of Gan Meilu, sent Lü Zhengxian to report to the Fuzhou government, and the county government immediately sent a battalion of the 17th Regiment of the Dian Army to Fuzhou in preparation for "encircling and suppressing" Ganmei.
Ganmei Village is a Zhuang village with 87 families on the right side of Baiyou Dam. Behind the village, there are steep cliffs of hanging rocks and caves dotted with caves. In front of the village, the Rima River flows slowly and flows into the tail hole. During the Republic of China period, the Kuomintang government built warehouses and grains here for the official government to eat, and the grain was needed for the army, and Lummei became a place of contention for soldiers.
On 5 June, the enemy army departed from Fuzhou and stayed overnight in The Return Dynasty, reaching Ganmei at about 10 a.m. the next day. When the Red Army learned of the enemy's coming attack, it quickly studied countermeasures. It was decided to set up an ambush the next day in the villages of Ganmei, Jiangqu, and Weidong.
At 10:00 a.m. on the morning of the 6th, the enemy army marched menacingly from the Back Mountain of Ganmei to Force Ganmei, and as soon as it arrived at the head of the village, it crackled and released a burst of gunfire, and when it did not see any movement, it swung into the village. At this time, the enemy army did not see the movement of the Red Army, and became suspicious, blaming Lü Zhengxian for lying about the military situation, so he asked Lü Zhengxian to lead the team into the village to investigate the truth. Lü Zhengxian led a team of people and horses to start searching from the head of the village door to house, and after seeing the shadow of the Red Army, he became angry and angry, so he set fire to 4 houses on the edge of the village. Then he again led his troops into the village and searched from house to house.
Seeing this scene, the Red Army suppressed the anger in its chest and did not shoot until the enemy army entered the center of the village and was frantically at the extreme, and only then did it give the order to shoot, and in an instant, the Red Army rushed out from the ambush point, and the bullets rained down like rain, and the killing sound was tremendous. The rifle team pressed down from the back hill, and the pistol and machine gun teams were caught between the left and right, hitting the enemy who had attacked and fled.
The Red Army grabbed the fighter plane and aimed at the leading Ye Company Commander to shoot several shots, but the Ye Company Commander was hit in the thigh and fell to the ground, and the enemy lost its command and immediately became a chaotic mess. Several enemies tried to rescue the fallen company commander, but they were targeted by the ambushed Red Army, and after a fierce strafing, they fell to the ground on the spot. Another enemy force, after learning of the loss, tried to rush up from the rear, but was intercepted by the Red Army ambushed behind the big rock with a rain of bullets, and had to retreat in the same way. The other enemy, who was hiding in the rear, was discovered by the Red Army ambushed at the end of the village and was severely attacked.
The enemy was beaten on both ends and was in a dilemma, so they had to struggle to the death in a vain attempt to break out of the heavy encirclement of the Red Army. Seeing the enemy's crazy behavior, Huang Baocheng, the commander of the Red Army company, rushed up and grabbed the enemy's two guns, and circled with several enemies next to a large stone, killing and wounding some enemies, he was trying to take down the enemy's guns, but unfortunately he was shot and killed on the spot.
In this battle, the Red Army took advantage of the favorable terrain and flexible and mobile strategies and tactics to fight a prepared battle and won victory.
After the Battle of Ganmei, the Red Army withdrew, and the pilot work of baiyou land reform was stopped. The red army guerrillas carried out a pilot land reform project in Baiyou, the purpose of which was to meet the land demands of the broad masses of peasants through land reform and to enable the poor people to live a good life of "the tiller has his own land". Although it was only a pilot, it had a profound impact in the Dashi MountainOusery of the Seven Villages and Nine Lanes in Funing and in Miaoling, Zhuangxiang. The wheel of history has gone through more than half a century, and in today's Baiyou Village, the masses of the people have long lived a life of abundant food and clothing, and the ideal pursued by the revolutionary martyrs has been realized. (According to the materials of the Wenshan Prefecture History Office)
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