Foreword: On March 14, the sixteenth year of Zhengde (1521 AD), Zhu Houzhao, who had fought against the civil official clique all his life, died in the leopard house at the age of 31. Since Emperor Wuzong had no heirs, eventually his mother Empress Zhang and the first assistant of the cabinet, Yang Tinghe, followed the "Ancestral Training" article "Brother and Brother and Brother", and sent people to Huguang'an Lu to welcome Zhu Houxi, the son of Xingshi, to the throne in Beijing.
Zhu Houxi's father, Zhu Youzhao the Prince of Xingxian, was the half-brother of Zhu Houzhao's father, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming, so there was a cousin relationship between Xingshizi and Emperor Wuzong of Ming. At this point, I believe that many people will have questions, why does Zhu Houxi not have to avoid Zhu Houzhao's secret? For example, after The Song Emperor Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, his brother Zhao Kuangyi changed his name to Zhao Guangyi. For example, after Emperor Yinchen of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne, he changed the "Yin" character in his brothers' names to the word "Yun".
So in the Ming Dynasty, under what circumstances did the courtiers need to avoid it, and under what circumstances did they need to avoid it? Are there specific criteria? Today we will talk about it.
Meitake sect images
How to avoid secrecy in the Ming Dynasty?
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a well-known emperor with a strong Virgo plot, and had meticulous regulations on various etiquette systems, and avoidance was no exception. Old Zhu's real name is Zhu Zhongba, and after becoming the commander of the rebel army, of course, he can no longer use this kind of name of your soil slag. So Hu Zhu Baba transformed into Zhu Yuanzhang, and there was a word: Guorui.
Some of the founding heroes of the early Ming Dynasty, such as Feng Sheng the Duke of Song, Wu Liang the Marquis of Jiangyin, and Wu Zhen the Marquis of Jinghai, were originally named Feng Guosheng, Wu Guoxing, and Wu Guobao, respectively. The reason why they changed their names was because Zhu Yuanzhang had the word "Guorui". However, Feng Sheng's brother Feng Guoyong did not change his name, thinking that in the year of his death: in the nineteenth year of Zhizheng (1359 AD), Lao Zhu did not have a word.
According to the author's conjecture, Zhu Yuanzhang's emphasis on avoidance in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China should still be to strengthen his personal prestige. But as the regime became more secure, the demand for secrecy began to slowly relax. For example, in the later years of Emperor Xuanzong Xuande, Xing Zaibu pointed out that during the Hongwu period, there was a rule that "two names are not biased", which means that as long as the name of His Majesty the Emperor is not used together, it is even if it is avoided.
壬子,行在礼部曲:" Hongwu Zhongzhong descended the table style in the world: there is an example of the imperial name according to the right two names not biased to the right. It is not logical to record or replace it with the word "he" everywhere today. Please negotiate with Hanlin to make changes so that the world will comply. "From there. — Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, Vol. XIX
Zhu Yuanzhang stills
In the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu (1395 AD), the "Ancestral Training of the Emperor Ming" was published, and Zhu Yuanzhang prescribed the characters for future generations. For example, the vein of Crown Prince Zhu Biao is "YunWen obeys the ancestral precepts, Qinwu Dajunsheng, Shundao Yi Fengji, Shi Liangshan uses Sheng", and the line of Zhu Di, the King of Yan, is "Gao Zhan Qi See You, Hou Zai Yi Chang You, Ci He Yi Bo Zhong, Jian Jing Di Xianyou". In other words, the word in the middle of the name of the descendants has been fixed, and the last word starts according to the principle of "fire, earth, metal, water, and wood" of the five elements. Therefore, the name of Ming Wuzong in the above article is Zhu Houzhao, and the name of Ming Shizong later in Xingshizi is Zhu Houxi, and there is no need to avoid secrets between the two.
However, one thing is very strange, the prince already has a character, and the emperor's grandson is named "Zhu Yunjiao", and he commits his own secrets. At the same time, the old father Zhu Biao's nickname was "Yiwen", and after Zhu Yunjiao ascended the throne, he wanted to set the era name as "Jianwen". In this regard, Shen Defu, a member of the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, questioned it in his important historical notes, "The Compilation of Wanli Ye".
The ancient emperors avoided the secret very strictly, such as Tang Xuanzong's longji, then Liu Zhiji changed his name; Song Qinzong's secret Huan, then he did not suspect that the name pill was avoided, and those who used the word "pill" in the rhyme foot of the kechang were deposed; Emperor Gaozong's secret structure was also checked and omitted, so that the "Sentence Dragon Clan" was changed to "缑氏", and the gai homophony should be avoided, and it was also appropriate for the courtiers to be affectionate. However, this prohibition was slightly wider, but there were extremely different people, such as Prince Yiwen who had a title, why did the Young Emperor still have the name Ofe Yunjiao? At that time, Gai had already changed his title to Emperor Xingzongkang, as if it were said; and the Jianwen Nian was pronounced with the imperial name, and the dynasty was called Fan for four years, why was there so much secrecy? - "WanliYe Was Edited by the Lie Dynasty to Avoid Secrecy"
After Zhu Dijing, the King of Yan, usurped the throne, his avoidance was even more relaxed. It is said that Zhu Laosi just changed the name of "Wudi County", and the reason can be seen at a glance. Even after the author checked the "Records", he found that as early as the sixth year of Hongwu (1373 AD), Wudi County had been divided into Haifeng County and Qingyun County, and perhaps Zhu Laosi did not know the name of this county at all. There is also a poem in the Book of Poetry, "Tang Di", which is passed on by word of mouth, and no one thinks of changing its name. In the second year of Chenghua (1466 AD), Lu Rong, a jinshi, marveled at this phenomenon in his book "Miscellaneous Records of Shuyuan": "If Emperor Wen is secretive, there are many crimes in the poems." The generations of Emperor Ming after Zhu Di, such as Emperor Renzong Zhu Gaozi, Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, and Emperor Xianzong Zhu Jianshen, were all commonly used in their names, and no one thought of avoiding them.
Zhu Di stills
The Ming Dynasty avoided anecdotes
Can you kill pigs?
Emperor Daming's surname is "Zhu", so how should the word "pig", which is homophonous with "Zhu", be avoided in the Ming Dynasty? For example, if a butcher kills a pig, will it be considered disrespectful to the emperor of the dynasty? In ancient times, cattle were forbidden to eat because of their labor value. It is inconvenient for sheep to raise, and the general public can only take pork to beat the tooth sacrifice.
For most Ming emperors, the people want to kill pigs and eat pork, indicating that the people have a lot of life, and naturally they will not ban it. Moreover, the people were also very wise, calling the slaughter of pigs "killing thousands of miles" or "killing hums", and everyone was happy with the court. But in the Ming Wuzong Zhengde Dynasty, it was briefly forbidden to raise pigs and kill pigs, why is this?
According to the Wanliye Compilation, Emperor Wuzong issued the "Ban on Pigs" for two reasons. The first is the clichéd homophony of "Zhu" and "pig", which should be avoided. The second is that he himself was born in the fourth year of Hongzhi (1491 AD), which was the Year of the Pig in Xinhai.
According to the "Records of Reality", the "pig ban order" at that time was very severe, and those who dared to raise pigs and kill pigs were to issue "extreme border guards forever to charge the army." After Yang Tinghe, a cabinet scholar, learned of this matter, he specially put on a "Please Do Not Ban killing pigs", and although Emperor Wuzong left it in the middle and did not report it, after all, he still felt great pressure. Then, in March of the fifteenth year of Zhengde (1520 AD), Taichang Temple shangqu requested that the "pigs, cattle and sheep" used for ancestor sacrifice be changed to "cattle and sheep", on the grounds that there were no pigs in the folk.
The Qingming Festival will be used for re-invitation, and the internal criticism says: "The tomb sacrifice has been customized, how can it be better?" The Ministry of Etiquette is in urgent need of discussion. "It is a necessary thing for the ceremony, and now the people do not dare to livestock, and there is no way to buy it, so it is a last resort." It is advisable to still make it widely sought, regardless of size for urgent use. And begging for the purpose of surrender is to relax its prohibition, but the holy driver is slightly avoided. The inner batch is still used. —Ming Wuzong Shilu Vol. 184
In the end, the "ban on pigs" that lasted for three months was officially declared over. Why Emperor Wuzong was so "willful", the above two reasons are obviously untenable. In recent years, studies have pointed out that Wuzong and Fan Monk are close, and the emergence of the "ban on pigs" may have some reasons that cannot be ignored.
Ming Wuzong stills
The prince needs to be kept quiet
However, the Ming Dynasty is a little strange, the emperor is relaxed here, but the prince needs to avoid it. In September of the twelfth year of orthodoxy (1447 AD), the officials of the Ministry of Rites presented an inscription to Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, saying that the Shanxi BuzhengSi had produced a poem title during the township examination this year, which contained the four words "Wei Zhou Zhi Zhen", which had not been avoided.
Bing Shen, the title of the poem published in the small record of the twelve-year township examination of the Shanxi Buzheng Division, the Inner Wei Zhou Zhi Zhen, whose Zhen character was committed by the King of Chu Zhao, did not evade. The examiner Guo Mingyu, the instructor Wu Ji, the examiner Huang Zijia, the transfer official Zuo Buzheng envoy Shi Pu, the left suffragist Zhu Jian, the supervising examiner According to the inspection envoy Lin Wenzheng, and the servant Huang Wenzheng should be questioned. Shang Yuzhi, but ordered the inspector to take the charges of each official according to the supervision of the imperial history. The examination and the examiner are fined for one month, and the record of the probationer is returned. Still move the text to the exhortation, and refrain from repeating it. - Ming Yingzong Records Volume 158
Zhu Zhen, the King of Chu Zhao, was the sixth son of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Zhen died in the twenty-second year of Yongle (1424 AD), which was 23 years after the twelfth year of orthodoxy, but the "Wei Zhou Zhi Zhen" from the "Shijing Daya Wen Wang Zhishi" was still guilty, and the chief examiner was still punished. However, the "Tang Di" from the "Poetry Classic, Xiaoya Lu Mingzhishi" did not make a mistake, is it not strange?
Stills of Zhu Quan and Zhu Di
So is Zhu Zhen's example an isolated evidence? Not really. In the first month of the first year of Jiajing (1522 AD), Emperor Mingshizong Zhu Houxi issued a holy decree, requiring officials at all levels not to avoid the word "quan" in the future.
Jia Shu , ordered from this chapter not to avoid the word "right". With Ning offering the king's power, Sun Chenhao plotted rebellion, and the country was eliminated. —Records of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 10
Zhu Quan, the Prince of Ningxian, was the seventeenth son of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and a partner of Zhu Dijing. In the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519), Zhu Quan's grandson, Zhu Chenhao, then the King of Ning, rebelled in the feudal state of Nanchang, and also wanted to fight a Fengtian Jing. However, the rebellion was soon quelled by Wang Yangming, a legendary figure in the history of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Chenhao was captured and killed, and the State of Ning was removed. Ning Guo was gone, and naturally there was no need to sacrifice King Ning to avoid it.
Conclusion: Compared with other dynasties and tones, the Ming Dynasty is really unprecedentedly relaxed in this regard. Returning to the beginning of this article, due to the provisions of the character generation in the "Ancestral Training of the Emperor Ming", as long as the Ming Wuzong is a peer of Zhu Di's side, there is no need to avoid it. As for the people, as long as you don't call Wang Houzhao and Li Houzhao, no matter whether you are called Wang Houzhao or Li Mouzhao, no one will care about you. This atmosphere is in contrast to Tang Taizu's name Li Hu, the tiger has become a big worm, and the Kangxi Emperor is called Xuan Ye, and Li Xuanba has become Li Yuanba, which is really a very strong contrast.