Fei Hong (1468-1535), male, zi chong, number Kenzai, also known as Goose Lake, in his later years he called himself Lake Dongye Lao. He was born in the fourth year of Emperor Mingxian's reign (1468) and died in October of the fourteenth year (1535) of Sejong's reign at the age of sixty-eight. A native of Leadshan, Shangrao City, Jiangxi, known locally as Fei Zaixiang.
Born in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Fei Hong was a young man with intelligent youth and the ability to practice and attain the ability of the world. Although the journey has gone through twists and turns, he has always ruled the world with Yang Tinghe, Yang Yiqing and others with high winds and bright festivals, and has been deeply relied upon by monarchs and courtiers and praised by the people.
Fei Hong was thirteen years old in the Zhongxin Prefecture Government Boy Examination "Wen yuan", sixteen-year-old Zhongjiang Xi Township examination "Xie Yuan", Chenghua twenty-three spring, Fei Hong participated in the entrance examination, the first name of the champion, was appointed as the Hanlin Academy cultivator. Shi Feiling Fang was twenty years old, the youngest yuan hanlin in the Ming Dynasty. In August of that year, the Chenghua Emperor died, and he participated in the revision of the "Records of The Xianzong", and the president and vice president both pushed Fei Hong and let him be responsible. In the third year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign (1490), the examiners and chief examiners of the Rebbe Examination were Ge Chen, Rebbe Shangshu Xu Pu and Wang Zongbo, who trusted Fei Hong, and the evaluation of the examination papers and the articles played on the song were drafted by Fei Hong.
Although Fei Hong was young, in the years of his political career, he participated in the government affairs presided over by the minister, which showed that he was not only literate, but also skillful in political science and skilled in handling affairs. For nine years, he was the executive officer of the court examination. Soon, he turned zuo chunfang to zuo zanshan. From the perspective of official rank, as in the Hanlin Academy, it is not high, but Hanlin is the palace of the Qing Dynasty, praising the responsibility of guiding the prince, and the requirements for the morality and learning of officials are very high, which shows the high prestige of Fei Hong in the DPRK.
In the twelfth year of Hongzhi, his mother Yu Anren died, Fei Hong returned to his hometown to mourn his filial piety, and the next year his father died again. At the end of the period of observance (according to the regulations of three years, but in fact only more than two years), it happened that the DPRK summoned the revision of the "Tongjian Compilation", and by the end of the Hongzhi Dynasty, he had completed nine years of official life, and after the examination of the officials, he was promoted to the position of Zuo Zhide and Hanlin Yuan's attendant, Zhu Houzhao took the throne, participated in the revision of the "Records of Filial Piety and Song Dynasty", etc., and was promoted to the rank of Taichang Shi Shaoqing, and his parents were also given the title of honorary official, and he was also promoted to the position of Jingfeng Day Lecturer and The Right Attendant of the Ceremonial Department. Just entering the year of confusion, Fei Hong was already the master of the king, and the official rank was the minister of the ZhengsanpinButang.
At that time, the "Eight Tigers" headed by Liu Jin were arbitrarily abusive and chaotic, and the secretaries of state and hundreds of officials were silent under the obscenity of the eunuchs, and did not dare to exhale, while Fei Hong did not take these momentarily powerful gangsters in his eyes and maintained his independent personality. After Liu Jin's defeat and death, he presided over the correction of various rules and regulations that had been destroyed by Liu Jin and others. Fei Hong was respected and trusted by his courtiers for his courage to speak out, act bravely, and handle things decently. When the cabinet was short of personnel, the cabinet minister Yang Tinghe and the first to recommend Fei Hong, with the approval of the blind emperor and the approval of the emperor, Wuzong Zhengde was six years old, Fei Hong was forty-four years old, and entered the cabinet as a scholar of Wenyuange University, and together with Li Dongyang, Yang Tinghe, and Liang Chu, he assisted the government and ruled the world together, and the government and the opposition praised each other, which won the hearts of the people.
After King Chenhao of Ning ascended the throne, he first restored his original guards and took the opportunity to strengthen his military strength. He befriended his favorite minister Channing, Bingbu Shangshu Lu Quan, and others, and wanted to take the opportunity to recover the captured guards and fertile land, and used tens of thousands of gold to marry the dignitaries of the imperial court, and many officials were bribed and secretly made a wish to agree to increase his land, but Fei Hong said with a solemn and cold look: "I heard that he already had a second heart, and if he added guards, it would make him like a tiger." At this point, Fei Hong offended Channing, as well as the powerful and fierce King Chenhao of the domain who had a fief in his hometown, as well as the Korean and Chinese officials who colluded with Chenhao.
After the matter of the guard, the tighter the collusion between Channing and Chen Hao, the more they hated Fei Hong. Channing even sent people to peep in front of Fei Hong's door day and night, always trying to find out what was unseemly about Fei Hong before he was willing. A few months passed, they did not catch anything outside the honest and honest Fei Hongmen Gate, but the thieves did not die, colluded in many ways, and went up and down, and Channing always said fei Hong's bad work in front of the Zhengde Emperor, and colluded with those who harbored ghost fetuses and had long coveted his position. Yushi Yushan impeached Fei Hong's subordinate brother Fei Yu should not stay in Hanlin and blame Fei Hong, attacking Fei Hong. One day, suddenly the Holy Spirit blamed Fei Hong, and in this case, Fei Hong could only resign. Fei Hong, who had been in the cabinet for more than three years in zhengde's fifth year, was ordered to pay tribute, and Fei Huan was also deposed and returned to the south.
After Fei Hong left Beijing, Chen Hao's fellow party members followed Fei Hong's boat back to his hometown. The ship went to the Linqing area of Shandong Province, and the outlaws sent to set fire to Fei Hong's ship, and When Fei Hong returned home, Zhu Chenhao instigated some villains in Fei Hong's hometown to steal the things of Fei Hong's family, burn his home, and even destroy Fei Hong's ancestral grave. For personal safety, Fei Hong took his family to another city to take refuge, Chen Hao's dog jumped the wall, and then paid a bunch of bad guys to pretend to be thieves to attack the city, kidnapping Fei Hong's brother and brother. My brother was killed. These guys also know that the law of the land is intolerable, and they are simply openly stealing. Inspector Sun Gong requested the imperial court to send troops, and only then did he suppress this ragtag group and maintain local stability.
After that, Chen Hao did indeed rebel in the fourteenth year of Zhengde. He couldn't forget his enemy Fei Hong, and together with his soldiers, he sent dozens of horses to capture Fei Hong. As a result, he was defeated by the troops led by the local official Liu Qingyuan. Someone advised Fei Hong to hide, but Fei Hong disagreed, and Fei Huan planned to organize a volunteer army. At this time, King Shouren of Yushi was in Gannan and ordered the mobilization of men and horses stationed in various places to attack Nanchang, Chenhao's old lair. When the troops of the provinces and counties were concentrated, Fei Hong advised them and sent someone to send Wang Shouren his opinions on military deployment, and finally defeated Chenhao.
Wang Shouren wanted to report Fei Hong's merits to the imperial court, but Fei Hong politely refused. Yushi Xieyuan and Wu Xifu went to Wang Shouren's army to record merits, learned of these situations, and without Wang Shouren, they sent Fei Hong and Fei Hao to the imperial court for their merits in this counter-rebellion, saying: "When Chen Hao wanted to expand the guard, Fei Hong and Fei Hao had a clear attitude to stop it, and predicted today's situation, and when Chen Hao started a rebellion, Fei Hong immediately flew to report it and agreed with the generals of the crusade on the method of using troops. Later, the ministers wrote letters one after another, vying to ask the emperor to summon Fei Hong. At that time, because the emperor was touring the south, he did not deal with it in time. Only ten days after Zhu Houxi ascended the throne, he sent Fei Hong and Fei Yu to urge Fei Hong to return to the dynasty quickly. When he arrived in Kyoto, he was still a cabinet minister, and gave python clothes and jade belts, and at the same time, because of the merits of pacifying Chenhao, he specially gave Fei Hong the things burned on the ship when he returned to his hometown. Fei Yu was soon promoted to the position of Right Attendant of the Nanjing Ceremonial Department.
In the early years of Jiajing (1522), in the "Great Ceremony of Discussion", the first assistant Yang Ting and the cabinet ministers Jiang Mian and Mao Ji joined forces to argue with the emperor, and although Fei Hong's views were consistent with Yang Tinghe and others, as a cabinet minister, he also signed the discussion, but unlike Yang Tinghe's tenacious insistence on his own views, it was difficult for the Jiajing Emperor to accept. The emperor saw a difference in attitude among the four of them, and thought that Fei Hong was good, and by February of the third year of Jiajing, Yang Ting and Zhi Shi, Fei Hongjin's official Shangshu, were appointed as the first assistants. In April, Jiang Mian and Mao Ji also left their posts and returned to their hometowns because of the "big ceremony". He left immediately because of the favor of the country. The upright courtiers were at peace because they saw Fei Hong in the court.
Fei Hong is an upright and obedient person, loves and supports his descendants, and is respected by people. The Jiajing Emperor also favored him. Once, the Jiajing Emperor also made imperial laws and poems, ordered the compilation of poems and poems, and the emperor personally signed the official title in front of Fei Hong's name: "The cabinet is in charge of the first minister of the cabinet to counsel the aircraft." This caused the jealousy of Zhang Xuan and Gui Cao, who opposed yang Tinghe and other cabinet ministers at that time in the "Great Ceremony". The two of them, believing themselves in the merit of "discussing great gifts", often colluded to slander Fei Hong in front of the emperor, and even slandered him several times in the song. Although the Jiajing Emperor was comforting Fei Hong, he never had a word of reproach for Zhang Xuan and Gui Cao. Fei Hong then insisted on Zhi Shi. In the sixth year of Jiajing, Fei Hong left Beijing and returned home after nearly six years of entering the cabinet for the second time. At this time, his son Mao Xian had just passed the entrance examination and was elected to the Hanlin Academy as Shu Ji Tu, which was then known as "Chu Xiang" ( Chu Xiang " — the successor of the cabinet phase stored there. Mao Xian also insisted on returning to his hometown to serve and raise, and did not want this splendid future. Because with Fei Hong's harmony, agility, and skill, he could not fight Zhang Xuan and Gui Cai, which showed that the emperor's balance had tilted, so he was determined to stay away from the unpredictable vortex of political affairs.
Fei Hong resigned as an official in February of the sixth year, and by October, Zhang Xuan entered the cabinet as a Shangshu and a university scholar. A year later, Gui Calyx also entered the cabinet. It can be seen that Fei Hong's second exit from the cabinet was entirely the Jiajing Emperor who cleared the obstacles and created conditions for the two of them to enter the cabinet.
Zhang Xuan and Gui Cao entered the cabinet, and Zhang Xuan once became the first assistant and held a position of authority, but in the eyes of upright courtiers and orthodox scholars, they were a group of shameless villains who were opportunistic. They planted the party for personal gain, fabricated accusations, and attacked others, which aroused the resentment of the courtiers, and later even the Jiajing Emperor realized that they were too excessive, from dissatisfaction to disgust. First, Gui Cai died of illness in Jiajing for ten years. By April of the fourteenth year of Jiajing, Zhang Xuan also left the cabinet. The emperor began to think of Fei Hong, who was working for him again. This summer, the emperor asked Shangshu Xia Yan, "I don't know how Fei Hong is doing?" Xia Yan leaned forward and replied, "My body is still quite healthy." ”
The next day, the emperor issued an edict to reinstate Fei Hong, and sent Wang Xianzhi (王献芝) to promote the trip. Fei Hong braved the sweltering heat on June 15 and sent someone to report to the imperial court on a flying horse. The emperor was very happy and wrote back: "Ai Qing can come day and night, and I am waiting to see you." In July, Fei Hong arrived in Kyoto, and the emperor was performing the "Zaiju" (The Jiajing Emperor believed in Taoism) and sent envoys to offer condolences. Most of the chapters played by Fei Hong to the imperial court were decisions that were urgent to govern the country, and the emperor was even happier to see them. He immediately summoned Fei Hong to meet him at the Ben Temple, where he was more comforting and encouraging in his words, and also gave Fei Hong a silver seal of "Old Auxiliary Yuanchen". Since then, Fei Hong has been working in the cabinet every day in preparation for the emperor's inquiry, and the documents that need to be approved by the desk are often piled up into hills, and he has been ordered to sacrifice Confucius, Di She, and Di Ji on behalf of the emperor many times, and also to play in the West Garden by the emperor's grace. Whenever he went to some newly established institutions, he always stopped and asked about the situation, and was very concerned about the advance and retreat of the ministers and the gains and losses of the imperial court. Zhang Xuan and Gui Cao were in power for eight years, retaliating and rejecting dissidents, and the views among the courtiers were very deep. Fei Hong's comeback, people feel that the world will flourish, peace and prosperity is promising.
Due to his old age and infirmity, Fei Hong's spleen disease recurred, but he still held the illness to deal with major state affairs, without the slightest slackness. At this time, it was the completion of the Qixiang Palace in the palace. The emperor wanted to sacrifice his ancestors, and Fei Hong served the emperor in the inner hall, and later accompanied the celebration in the Qin'an Hall. The emperor let Fei Hong go to the back garden of the palace to watch, from the right door out of the palace is already in the evening, the twilight of the endless reflection of a few wisps of sunset, the sunset shines on the flowers and trees of the back garden, the palace, there is an indescribable beauty, this beauty is surprising, but also let people lament that life is easy to grow old, time flies. Fei Hong sighed lightly, pulled on the sleeve, and suddenly felt that the cold of the night was compelling. He drank only a little wine, and almost didn't eat much, so he went to bed. Who knew that this was Fei Hong's long sleep!
Fei Hong went. "The Long Death of the Russian Pillow" shows that he worked until the last breath of his life, and this day is October 19. From the third time he entered the cabinet, he presided over state affairs in the palace for only more than three months. Fei Hongzheng hoped to use his wisdom to serve the imperial court loyally, even if he was sick, he did not care about his body, and now he could only leave regrets...
From the age of twenty to his death at the age of sixty-eight, Fei Hong went through three dynasties, two tributes, three cabinets, assisting the two dynasties for ten years, and serving as an official for more than thirty years. Despite repeated rumors, or belittled, alienated, or reused, he is always diligent and loyal. He presided over the ceremonial examination twice, once for the Tianxiang examination, four times for the court examination for the examination of the official, the protégé half of the world, although the position of the first assistant, rich and noble, but has always advocated frugality, food is not tasteful, in addition to the official clothes, rarely use silk fabrics. He can also see the imprint of a family that has been a farmer for generations. As a generation of elegant Confucians who studied under Confucius and Mencius, his bumpy life is a portrayal of that era. He was an outstanding feudal politician whose history contributed to us in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.
When Fei Hong was at home, he excavated the Huiji Canal, built the Xincheng Dam, and taught on Hanzhu Mountain to benefit Sangzi. Fei Honggong is the author of twenty volumes of "Extracts from Goose Lake", as well as several volumes such as "Hudong Collection", "Chenzhang Collection", "Testament Record", and "Shame Record". In addition, Xu Jie and Liu Tongsheng edited seven volumes of the "Selected Works of Fei Wenxian", which are stored in the "Four Libraries complete book". After his death, He wenxian was buried in his hometown of Lead Mountain Henglin. The picture below is Fei Hong's line book Long Farewell Post.
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