In the forty-seventh year of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming and Later Jin had a battle that shocked the government and the opposition, in which the Ming army gathered hundreds of thousands of troops to divide into four roads and attack Houjin, but for various reasons it was defeated and returned, so this battle became a turning point in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the Ming court turned to the defensive position outside Shanhaiguan. The reason why the Ming Dynasty was still able to fight against the Qing army from the end of the Wanli Dynasty to the Apocalypse was because after Salhu, the ruling faction quickly used a number of generals who could fight good battles, the most famous of which was xiong Tingbi! History of The Ming Dynasty. The Biography of Xiong Tingbi also records this:
In the forty-seventh year, Yang Hao lost his master, and the court agreed to familiarize himself with the side affairs of the court, and started the Dali Temple and the Imperial History of Henan Province, and dai ho jingluo. The Overseer built chariots, cured firearms, and dredged the city for the sake of defending the imperial strategy. Strict law was enforced, and the garrison was strong for several months.
Its outstanding military achievements are particularly conspicuous in the context of the era of the late Ming Dynasty, but after that, they were "passed on to the nine sides", which has to be said to be a human tragedy! The definition of "passing on the first nine sides", as the name suggests, is to cut off his head and send it to the various border fortresses of Daming to show the soldiers guarding the border, and it is not difficult for people to imagine the tragic shape!
There are many reasons for this incident, and the involvement in party strife is recognized by later generations!
Figure 1| Xiong Tingbi, a good general on the first nine sides
We can also see the corruption of the late Ming Dynasty where Xiong Tingbi lived, and the side of the castrated party Donglin falling out against each other, resulting in the meritorious people not being rewarded, imprisoned or even executed, and even being "passed on to the nine sides", which is also his tragedy, and it is also the fundamental reason why many warlords later have different feelings for the Ming Dynasty.
Specifically, we can use Xiong Tingbi's half-life experience to analyze.
He was born in Jiangxia, Hubei (present-day Wuhan), and entered the army in the 26th year of the Wanli Calendar. Because most people during the Ming Dynasty had a strong sense of locality, he naturally became the Chu Party. However, the actual relationship with Donglin was ambiguous, and at the same time, he also had a close relationship with Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou, Yuan Huazhong, Wei Dazhong, Zhou Chaorui, Gu Dazhang, and other six gentlemen of Donglin, so this violated the interests of the castration party.
The apocalyptic years that originated from his passage through Liaodong were the time when the castration party forces were at their most rampant, and they were incompatible with the water and fire in Donglin! Among them, Yang Lian even impeached the emasculated party leader Wei Zhongxian for 24 major crimes and was framed for accepting bribes of 20,000 taels and died tragically in prison. Therefore, it is very unfortunate that the city gate caught fire, affecting the pond fish, Xiong Tingbi also because of the discord with his partner Wang Huazhen during the apocalypse years, resulting in defeat and guilt, and then was captured by the castration party and persecuted, passing on the head of the nine sides! History of The Ming Dynasty. The Book of Emperor Xizong also clearly records the passage of the first nine sides of Xiong Tingbi's biography:
Nong Yin, Xiong Tingbi abandoned the city, and passed the first nine sides.
The loyal soul was difficult to be safe, and was awakened by many famous generals later, which directly caused many warlords in the late Ming Dynasty to have different hearts, and gradually became a trend of tails!
Figure 2| The warlord Zuo Liangyu at the end of the Ming Dynasty
In the above examples, we can see:
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the party strife was serious, and even because the party strife may affect people who were friendly with the party, the generals and generals who were friendly with the party may be offended if they were not careful, and eventually they became victims of the party strife, which also made a very bad start based on xiong Tingbi's negative example, and many warlords were deeply affected by it, the most famous being Yuan Chonghuan, Zu Dashou, Lu Xiangsheng, Wu Sangui and Zuo Liangyu.
Yuan Chonghuan
He was originally a soldier in the forty-seventh year of the Wanli Calendar, but fortunately he was able to defend Ningyuan in the important town of Sun Chengzong, and successively achieved the great victory of Ningyuan and ningjin, and to a certain extent, he severely damaged Houjin and consolidated the border defense! Based on these achievements, Chongzhen initially won the trust of Sizong, but Chongzhen was executed by Ling Chi within three years, and his family wandered for three thousand miles. The reason for this is that there is the lesson of Xiong Tingbi in the front, in order to boast about the five years of Pingliao, but after the change of his own wife, Jin Bing threatened Gyeonggi under the city of Beijing, killed Mao Wenlong, Chongzhen suspected that he and the Qing court discussed peace as the fuse, coupled with the instigation of the remnants of the castration party, which eventually led to the return of the soul of a generation of famous generals to Liaodong, and the fierce party struggle in the last moment of Xiong Tingbi's life before, how similar is the plot of the famous general's imprisonment and execution? History of The Ming Dynasty. The biography of Yuan Chonghuan also records his killing:
(After the Jin soldiers came to the city of Beijing after the change of his own body) Chonghuan Fu heard of the change and went to the rescue for thousands of miles, claiming that he was meritorious and innocent, but the people of Randu were suddenly resented by the soldiers, and they were slandered, saying that Chonghuan indulged in the enemy and supported the soldiers. Because of the peace agreement between the former and the courtiers, they falsely accused them of attracting the enemy and threatening peace, which would be an alliance under the city. In December Shuo, he summoned the right one again, and then tied him up and imprisoned him. Fa si sat chonghuan plotting rebellion, three years in August. Sui Chonghuan in the city. The brother's wife traveled three thousand miles from his home.
In the end, Yuan Chonghuan took him with him "after death, there is no fear of brave generals, and the loyal soul still guards Liaodong." "The last wish is buried in the ground.
Figure 3| The late Ming general Yuan Chonghuan
Zu Dashou
He was a subordinate of Yuan Chonghuan, who followed Yuan Chonghuan for many military achievements, and accompanied him to defend the Jing Division when he changed. After Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned, because of xiong Tingbi and Yuan Chonghuan's previous experience, he was afraid of being implicated and destroyed the customs and fled! The Chongzhen Emperor asked Yuan Chonghuan, who was in prison, to write a letter of condolence before returning to the Ming Dynasty. Later, although he had surrendered to the Qing court because of his feelings for his homeland, he formally surrendered after his defeat in the Battle of Songjin in chongzhen for fourteen years, and it cannot be said that Xiong Tingbi's "Chuanshou Jiubian" and Yuan Chonghuan Ling's late execution did not have any impact on him. Because this may be the decision he made after thinking about it and seeing the corruption of the imperial court and the fact that it is difficult for famous generals to live in meritorious service! Therefore, he did not work too much for the Qing court like Hong Chengzu and Wu Sangui.
Figure 4| Zu Dashou, a famous general at the end of the Ming Dynasty
Lu Xiangsheng
He was born in Changzhou in the twenty-eighth year of the Wanli Calendar (1600), in the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), just over twenty years old, he was admitted to the jinshi, full of spirit, young talent. Later, he founded the tianxiong army that was famous outside the Guanning Iron Horse in the late Ming Dynasty, and this army defeated the foreign enemy Neikou many times with him, so that he was nicknamed "King LuYan".
But in the twelfth year of Chongzhen, he lost his hand! At this time, Lu Xiangsheng had led the Tianxiong army with Hong Chengyu and Yang Sichang in the previous year, and Zhang Xianzhong surrendered, and Li Zicheng rode away with several horses, but because the Qing army entered the blockade, he had to lead 5,000 troops north to block the attack. Because of the lessons of Xiong Tingbi and Yuan Chonghuan in the front, behind them are hundreds of millions of people, and even more corrupt courts, the Qing army, which must fight several times more than themselves in public and private, insists on not retreating. At the same time, because the eunuchs of the supervising army did not rescue the troops, lu Xiangsheng, the real optimus pillar of the Empire at the end of the Ming Dynasty, was killed in battle, and later posthumously presented the prince Taishi and the Bingbu Shangshu, which can be said to be the situation of the times and even more a man-made disaster. History of The Ming Dynasty. The biography of Lu Xiangsheng also records his martyrdom:
Qiqian hugged Guan, Ning Bing was in Jize, fifty miles away from Jiazhuang, and Xiang Sheng sent Tinglin to beg for help, which should not be. The division went to the Artemisia Bridge and met the Qing soldiers. Xiang Sheng generals the middle army, Dawei Shuai left, Guozhu Shuai right, sui battle. On the day, ride the three turns of tens of thousands of rings. Elephant Sheng's soldiers fought fiercely, the cries moved the heavens, and the cannons were exhausted. Fight hard, ride in, kill dozens of people with their hands, and be wounded with four arrows and three blades.
The situation of the heroic martyrdom jumped on the paper!
Figure 5| The imperial Qingtian Lu Xiangsheng at the end of the Ming Dynasty
Wu Sangui and Zuo Liangyu
The reason why they were put together was because both of them were extreme egoists, and their growth trajectory was similar, and in the Chongzhen Dynasty, they were promoted all the way from middle and lower generals to Hou Bo. However, in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), when the Chongzhen Emperor issued the edict of King Qin, both showed the essence of the warlord: Wu Sangui marched slowly, and Zuo Liangyu abducted and went south! The reason is that in addition to the current situation and the mentality of the two people are self-interested, in fact, there is also the influence of events such as Xiong Tingbi and Yuan Chonghuan at the deeper level!
Figure 6| warlord Wu Sangui at the end of the Ming Dynasty
Of course, there are many generals who are deeply affected by Xiong Tingbi's "Transmission of the Nine Sides", and several of them are only representatives!
It is precisely because Xiong Tingbi has made great contributions, but he has been "passed on to the nine sides". The court's practice led to many generals in the late Ming Dynasty becoming related to each other, and the Ming court gradually separated from Germany. With a slight hint of affection, either they disappeared after Zu Dashou surrendered, survived, and did not fight for the new lord; or like Lu Xiangsheng, he promised the country by hisself and achieved the name of loyalty and martyrdom; it was really extreme, like Wu Sangui and Zuo Liangyu, who directly transformed into warlords and only became the ultimate egoists!
Everything was relative, and the Ming court's treatment of Xiong Tingbi and Yuan Chonghuan led to the departure of most of the other generals and became one of the many factors in the Ming Dynasty.
The above is only a family's words, if there is an error, I hope you will point out in time, the copyright is still owned by the sun and the moon millennium, please indicate the source when reprinting!
bibliography:
History of The Ming Dynasty. Biography of Xiong Tingbi", "History of Ming. Xizong Benji", Ming Shi. Yuan Chonghuan Biography", Ming Shi. The Legend of Lu Xiangsheng