At the end of each dynasty, there will always be countless loyal and good generals, and naturally there will be no less traitors and villains. As the Tang Dynasty poet Li Shimin wrote, "The wind knows the grass, and the board knows the sincere subjects." In the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, although Wen Tianxiang was a literati, in the face of national difficulties, he resolutely led the army to resist the Yuan, and the soldiers were defeated and captured, facing the persuasion of the bloodthirsty and murderous ancestor Kublai Khan, the promise of the prime minister, "Only by repaying the country with death, I have nothing to ask for", and went to the difficulties with indignation. A "Song of Righteous Qi", a righteous qi, the name of Danqing, and the Battle of Yashan Sea, Lu Xiufu and others committed suicide by throwing themselves into the sea with the young emperor Zhao Fu on their backs, many loyal subjects followed him, and 100,000 soldiers and civilians jumped into the sea to martyr the country. And the number of surrenderers, such as Yang Dayuan, is even more numerous.
Wen Tianxiang
When the Yuan Empire was extinguished in an instant, Zhu Yuanzhang achieved the Ming Dynasty with a truly poor background, and in order to consolidate his political power, he even learned the lessons of the previous dynasty, abolishing the chancellor, establishing a cabinet, and setting up a Jinyi guard, while Zhu Di established the East Factory; Ming Xianzong set up the West Factory, all of which were further strengthening the imperial power. However, under the influence of many factors such as social structure and economic factors, the Ming Dynasty could not escape its demise in the circle of historical cycle theory.
By 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor had hanged himself, Li Zicheng had destroyed the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty had been in 276 years. The Qing Dynasty took its place. As for the demise of the Ming Dynasty, leaving aside the influence of the Xiaoice River Period, Mr. Huang Renyu, author of "Fifteen Years of Wanli", believes that "the death of Daming actually began with Wanli". In the eleventh year of the Wanli Calendar (1583), Nurhaci raised an army with 13 pairs of armor, and in the case of his father, he could not bear the revenge of his grandfather, father, and grandfather, until Li Chengliang's death, he also established Houjin. In 1619, in the Battle of Salhu, he led the Eight Banners to bravely break through and defeat the Ming army. This also became a turning point between the Ming Dynasty and the Later Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty).
Xiong Yanbi (let's leave it at that, I can't find it)
So is the Ming Dynasty really coming to an end? On top of the question of Yuan Chonghuan, who is now quarreling, there is a person who is covered up by it, so that when we discuss the ming dynasty, we always focus on whether Ming Sizong Zhu Youjian should kill Yuan Chonghuan, but trace back to the source, in fact, if he is not killed, the Ming Dynasty continues its strategy against the Later Jin (Qing Dynasty), and how come a few years later in the siege of Beijing, Yuan Chonghuan was slightly killed, Wu Sangui surrendered, Dolgun entered the customs, and he was Xiong Yanbi.
In 1625, Xiong Yanbi wrote a poem before calmly going to his death: "He is brave and bearded day by day, and he can afford to die, and he sighs a pity, and sighs that the world is white." He was also "passed on to the nine sides, abandoning the corpse wilderness", and he was in a different place, and he did not rehabilitate Zhaoxue until 1629, and the framer Wang Huazhen survived until 1632.
Xiong Yanbi (ibid.)
Xiong Yanbi, born in poverty, was the first in the township examination in 1597 and entered the army the following year. In 1608, when he was patrolling Liaodong, Li Chengliang abandoned the Six Forts of Kuandian (link), and even asked for credit, and he wrote impeachment. He also proposed his grand plan of "building borders and fortifications and fighting with defense", but he was ostracized by Yang Ho and transferred to the post of inspector, and later waited for verification because he killed the living.
However, the situation suddenly changed, after the Battle of Salhu in 1619, Nurhaci did not stop his steps, and turned to attack the Kaiyuan, the Ming Dynasty that was difficult to return, at this time, the chief official of Kaiyuan, Han Yuanshan, was not in Kaiyuan, and the push official Zheng Zhifan recorded according to the "History of Ming" that "the booty was huge, the day was dusk", Ma Lin did not need to say more, it was also the deserters of the Battle of Salhu, and the lower officers and soldiers were not paid, and the soldiers, weapons, and generals could imagine the situation at that time. Nurhaci was not polite, and under the internal response, the Houjin Eight Banner Army rushed up, broke the city, Malin was killed, and Nurhaci killed more than 70,000 people.
The Records of the Li Dynasty records: "The most righteous people in Kaiyuan City, the soldiers and the city, people fight to the death, the house has no false beams, the wood has no empty branches, and there is a whole family, and there are also hanging dead children aged five or six." ”
Kaiyuan was broken, and Tieling was the next target. The Tieling general Li Ruzhen, the son of Li Chengliang, was in Shenyang at this time, and tieling, which had no guard, was betrayed by Ding Bi, with more than 4,000 dead. The situation was critical, and the Wanli Emperor finally remembered Xiong Yanbi, who was also appointed as the Liaodong Jingluo. In the face of Liaoyang City, which had already fled for most of the time, he took decisive measures, arrested the shaken Zhizhou, and directly killed the fleeing general Liu Yujie and others to pay tribute to the martyrs, which also directly slowed down the situation of Attacking Liaoyang.
"From Liaoyang to Zhenjiang, in the meantime, many town forts, the officials stole gunpowder secretly, or five or six hundred pounds or more than a thousand pounds ... For several years, gunpowder in the Liaoyang area has been lost. The officials of the town fort also checked from time to time and closed the empty treasury in vain." "Xiong Xiang Huan Gong Collection"
In view of the situation in Liaodong at that time, most of the soldiers were "remnants, soldiers, recruits, and reinforcements", the horses were even thinner, and the soldiers were scattered, even if even ammunition was bought and sold for a living, which can be described as a critical situation. It was precisely because he saw this crisis that he resolutely changed Yang Ho's strategy and adopted the strategy of "sticking to stability and Xu Tu gradually". As a minister of the Wanli Emperor, he was even more blunt in his reply to him, "Qing examines the thief's situation and distributes the strategy of war and defense, which is quite opportune." The defense is solid, and Xu Tu's resumption of attack is especially a fool's errand. ”
Ma Ge Shroud
At this time, although Nurhaci occupied Kaiyuan, Tieling and other places, and his strength increased greatly, but in the face of Xiong Yanbi's gathering troops in Liaoyang to strengthen the city defenses, and even more deliberately appeared at Fushun Pass, creating a situation in which he wanted to enter Fushun, Nurhaci, as a Ming chief for decades, knew the background of the Ming Dynasty, and naturally did not dare to rush to attack.
And he is on top of Yang Ho's strategy, "sitting in a trap and turning around" is also divided into four roads, and it is also the same that each road is divided into 30,000 troops, but he responds to each other with various ways, and destroys the enemy with mobile troops, and what is even more commendable is that in the busy agricultural season, all roads rely on each other and go to attack, so nurhaci's grain cultivation has become a problem, and it is precisely under this strategy of enemy advancing and retreating, the enemy retreating and disturbing me, and the enemy tired and attacking, originally helpless in the face of the Eight Banners cavalry. The Ming Dynasty, which was helpless in the face of Nurhaci's offensive, actually found the correct strategy against the enemy.
Wanli Emperor stills
With the large territory of the Ming Dynasty, the production potential and logistical supplies, coupled with the climate that cannot be ignored Xiaoice river period, in fact, if it can persist for decades, can the Later Jin (Qing Dynasty) not die? In 1620, Xiong Yanbi had already achieved initial results, gathering more than 130,000 troops to force Fushun. In the spring of 1621, the garrison was fushun. And it is precisely the role of this step-by-step cannibalization strategy. In this regard, the Wanli Emperor chose to resolutely support Xiong Yanbi in the face of the participation of Yan Guan, and even gave a high evaluation: "The corruption of the Liao Affair is caused by the local officials playing with the yue, Xiong Tingbi is bent on reviving the territory, and he is deeply dependent."
But it was also in 1620 that the Wanli Emperor collapsed. Emperor Mingguangzong died less than a month after succeeding to the throne, and Emperor Mingxi succeeded to the throne by Colonel Zhu, and what awaited Xiong Yanbi was the impeachment of the officials. And he had to "go to The Imperial Household and replace Yuan Yingtai with him." Soon, Shenyang fell and Liaoyang fell. The trend of thieves has become a reality, and wang Huazhen has been used along with it.
Map of the situation in Eastern Liaoning
Later, because Xiong Yanbi and Wang Huazhen were at odds, in the Battle of Quang Ninh, Wang Huazhen repeatedly led his troops to the front line, exposing the false reality, and finally 60,000 Ming troops were destroyed. The two also got the result of imprisonment, but Xiong Yanbi, who was already a straight personality, was regarded as a thorn in Wei Zhongxian's eye because the Donglin Party had spoken for him, and eventually Xiong Yanbi was killed, his head was different, and his son committed suicide. Compared with Yuan Chonghuan, he did not have the wrongdoing of killing a general such as Mao Wenlong, and he was even more wronged.
A generation of famous players has finally come to an end. We know that history has no ifs, but we still can't help but wonder how Nurhaci and his later Jin Dynasty would have been so great if their strategy could be used, and why would the Ming Dynasty be so.
After the Battle of Quang Ninh, Liaodong was lost.