An important symbol of the high development of information now is the emergence and application of the Tianyan monitoring system, which has added a lot of convenience to our current life, and can also find the figure of the criminal suspect through the monitoring system and help arrest the suspect.
However, in ancient times, when the information system was not developed, how should the ancients arrest the suspects when there was a murder?
In ancient film and television dramas, we often find that the ancient government will post notices to arrest prisoners, the notices are written with the prisoner's name, age, origin and various characteristics, and there will be portraits of prisoners next to them, but the portraits displayed on the TV series are very abstract, and the difference between themselves and themselves is very different, and the ancient paintings are freehand paintings, there is no sketch oil painting and other realistic paintings, so how should the ancient government arrest the prisoners?
Ancient laws were strict and few people fled
In fact, the people who fled after the crime were a minority, and most of the people chose to obediently confess their sins, is that because the moral quality of the ancients was generally high under the influence of Confucian culture? In fact, it is not that they do not want to run away, but that they do not dare.
Most of the harsh laws of ancient times followed the laws of the Qin system and were based on them. The Qin Dynasty law was the first to propose a system of joint sitting that harmed others. A system of sitting-together is a system in which people supervise each other and one of them is guilty and most likely endangers the lives of others.
In order to facilitate mutual supervision and mutual restraint between the people, the government organized the nearby people into ten households for one shi and five households for one wu, which is also the Shiwu system, which was also the grass-roots political organization unit in ancient times. If one of the people in Shiwu commits a crime, the others will report it, and if they don't report it, they will all be convicted.
Therefore, generally people who are close to them have committed crimes and will generally be denounced. Under this precedent, the laws of later generations gave rise to the great sin of exterminating the Nine Tribes, and the Nine Tribes could not tell which Nine Tribes it was until now, as recorded in the Early Childhood Qionglin Vol. II, Grandfather and Son: "What are the Nine Tribes? Gao, Zeng, Zu, Kao, Himself, Son, Sun, Zeng, Xuan. "That is, a family of nine generations, but even in modern times with high medical standards, it is very rare for a family to have five generations of the same house, let alone in ancient times when the medical and health conditions were poor and the average life expectancy was low.
In addition to sitting and exterminating the clan, there are also full door slashes that often appear in film and television dramas, which are also the guilt caused by one person implicating the whole family, and people usually cannot achieve one glory and one glory, but most of them can do both loss and loss. Therefore, most of the criminals who commit crimes in general have compassion and concern for their families, so most of them will not escape.
Household registration management is strict, and there is no way to survive without "identity card"
Generally, criminals who commit crimes will be registered by the government, and in ancient times, food, clothing, housing, and transportation had to have "identity cards", and it was difficult to walk without ancient "identity cards".
The ancient "identity card" first appeared in the Warring States era called the body sticker, the inventor is the Qin State Shang Martingale, the purpose is to clarify the identity of the Qin people, clarify the number of Chinese people, reduce the appearance of black households and spies from other countries, but the Mandate of Heaven to make people, the inventor Shang Martingale finally died because of the body sticker.
However, after the Qin Dynasty, it was rare to hear the existence of the body sticker, but the Tang Dynasty reported the household registration once every three years, and the people self-declared and so on, for "entering the truth", and later in order to prevent false information and forgery of the sick and the elderly, officials were sent to check the dingkou of every household, the Song And Jin household registration was more comprehensively registered, while the Ming Dynasty census population, issued household stickers, and established the household registration information quite completely, the Travel Certificate of the Ming Dynasty was even more meticulous, monks and officials traveling to other places must have "degrees", and even the merchants who rushed to take the exam also had to have "road guidance" That is, it is similar to "letter of introduction".
Therefore, under this complete household registration management, most of a person's information will be known by the government, and once he commits a crime and escapes, he can no longer use his household registration and related documents.
For example, if the people want to go to other places to do things, they need to show the "letter of introduction" issued by the government to prove their identity, the prisoners do not have something to prove their identity, the uninformed government knows that they will be treated as displaced people or treated as black households can not work and make money in ancient times, coupled with the ancient sparse population, a person coming to a new place will naturally be found, the city wall with a high reward painted with a portrait of the prisoner is in front of them, and the sharp-eyed indigenous people have no reason not to earn this soup? Therefore, without the guarantee of identity, the prisoner is almost unable to move.
The wanted warrant still has some utility
The content of the ancient wanted warrant can be described as concise and clear, we will see the appearance of the wanted in many film and television dramas, but in fact, the wanted warrant actually has only a text that introduces the characteristics of the fugitive, which will explain the basic information such as the name, gender and age of the wanted person, and also has the description of the height and appearance characteristics of the wanted man, in fact, only by virtue of the description of the distinctive appearance characteristics, most of them can catch the suspect.
Secondly, most of the wanted orders have high bounties, as long as the traces of the suspects are found and reported to be true, most of the people will give rewards, in the ancient times when the way to make money was not so lively, most of the people were moved and actively pay attention, which brought great convenience to the government to crack the case and arrest people, and quite a bonus inspired the meaning of the ancient "sunrise masses".
The high bounty has given rise to a profession similar to the "bounty hunter" in the West, and some rangers in ancient times used it to make a living and solve their livelihoods. Even some dart boards responsible for escorting the transport also make a living, capturing fugitives to obtain bounties. And because the laws of the first two articles are strict, fleeing to various places requires various identity documents, and there are very few escapees, so even if the fugitives escape to a new place, but the escape is successful, they do not necessarily have a high survival rate, and they will be arrested under the support of the vast number of ancient people who dedicate themselves to the country and arrest people and the announcement of higher rewards.
Therefore, it does not matter if there is no sky eye monitoring system, there will naturally be specific methods of crime and arrest methods in a specific era, but most of the time even if the law is broken, the prisoners are still not allowed to be a "good prisoner" who does not escape.
Text: Rachel
Reference: Qionglin Kindergarten
The text was created by the History University Hall team, and the picture originated from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author