A thousand miles? What's more! In less than a year, the Battle of Yuxianggui was such a battle, we lost one hundred and forty-six cities, more than thirty airports, hundreds of thousands of troops were gone, and the loss of property could not be calculated.
After all, on the frontal battlefield of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, we fought with the Japanese army and lost more than we won, but the problem was the Battle of Yuxianggui, which occurred in 1944, and the kung fu of turning a face was surrendered to Japan in 1945.
At this point in time, the anti-fascist camp around the world has ushered in a steady victory, but we have fought such a big defeat, why? Where is the spiritual head of the Three Battles of Changsha?
Xiaobian felt that in order to understand this problem, it was best to first understand why Japan launched this war, and finally explain the reasons for our failure, which is more reliable.
Why did Japan launch this Battle of Yuxianggui?
In the Battle of Yuxianggui, the Japanese had prepared one hundred and fifty brigades, more than 510,000 troops, 100,000 horses alone, more than 1,500 cannons, plus nearly 800 tanks, and even more than 15,550 cars.
Just by looking at this number, you know that Japan has really moved the liver fire this time, and there is a final big outbreak, and there is such a meaning that the grasshoppers after the autumn have to take a big jump before they die.
You are not happy, this is really not wrong at all, have you turned over the Japanese in the War of Resistance, the Japanese used more than 300,000 troops? At most, during the Battle of Wuhan, about 250,000 troops were mobilized, and this time it more than doubled.
So many troops want to fight such a battle, Japan's plan is definitely not small!
What does he want?
You have to zoom in on this matter, in 1944, whether it was the Pacific Theater or the Burma Theater in Japan, the news was not good.
The front foot U.S. troops are still in the Marshall Islands? The hind foot reached the Mariana Islands to cheer victory; the Philippines was also in jeopardy, and even the Burmese allied forces were counterattacking, with the aim of opening up the China-Myanmar Road and opening up the land communication line between China and India.
Even so, on June 15, 1944, the B29 Air Fortress in the United States also blew up the Happo Steel Plant in Kyushu, Japan, which also blew up various Japanese military industrial facilities in the northeast region.
The Japanese felt that there was a rope that was put around his neck, and if he didn't do something, the rope would slowly tighten and eventually strangle him again. This is a desperate situation!
The Japanese wanted to fill in all the holes, but at the beginning of the Pacific War, he had already drawn thirteen elite divisions from the Chinese battlefield to carry out the Pacific War, and he wanted to extract them again, but he did not dare.
After all, the matter of the Chinese battlefield has not been resolved, and there is no huge army to maintain, whether it is a frontal battlefield or his large rear is not much better than the sieve.
Therefore, if the Japanese want to get out of trouble, they must end the matter of the Chinese battlefield, which can release 70% of his combat effectiveness and fill in the holes everywhere.
Therefore, for the Battle of Yuxianggui, the Japanese added more than 100,000 reinforcements from the country.
So apart from this, did Japan have any other purpose in starting this war?
Yes! Faced with the difficulties on various battlefields, the Japanese received news of defeat from top to bottom, and the Japanese needed to find a message of victory to cheer up the Morale of the Japanese Army.
In fact, Japan had played this trick earlier, when Japan and the Soviet Union fought in the Battle of Nomonkan, and were beaten by the Soviet Union, in order to restore morale, they fought the First Battle of Changsha.
This principle is the same, except that in the First Battle of Changsha, the Japanese army was burned by Xue Yue's Heavenly Furnace Tactics.
In fact, the No. 1 battle plan launched by Japan in the Battle of Yuxianggui was indeed implemented with the annihilation of the main kuomintang force as an important goal.
Another strategic goal is to open up the land communication line from the northeast through central China to Nanyang, after all, the entire Nanyang is occupied by Japan, what oil, what steel he has, but helpless is that sea traffic has been cut off, these things he can not pull back is not.
Since the beginning of the war in September 1943, more than six hundred Japanese ships have been sunk by the Americans on the sea, so sea transportation is basically hopeless.
Therefore, the Japanese in the Battle of Yuxianggui wanted to open up land lines of communication to ensure that all kinds of materials could be safely transported back, and they could also send supplies to the Japanese in Nanyang.
Another goal was to destroy air bases along the Guangdong-Han and Xianggui routes to prevent American aircraft from using these airfields to bomb the Japanese mainland.
This is the purpose of the Japanese campaign.
So why did the Kuomintang troops lose this battle?
The historians of the Kuomintang crouching in the small bends analyzed this matter and drew conclusions, and the small editors all touched their heads, saying that the combat strength of the troops was insufficient and that the US ordnance came too little.
At that time, Xiaobian read this set of conclusions, and he was embarrassed to pat his head.
On the Chinese battlefield, we will not talk about the frontal battlefield, and on the battlefield of the Liberated Areas, the Eighth Route Army has begun to turn into a local counter-offensive.
According to the data, after 1943, the Japanese troops who fought in the battlefields of the Liberated Areas accounted for 64 percent of the total Japanese forces invading China, and 95 percent of the puppet troops.
You said that the combat strength is insufficient, and the combat strength of the Eighth Route Army is sufficient? Too little U.S. ordnance? The Eighth Route Army, not to mention the United States weapons, can let the troops have a rifle, which is not bad. Going out to fight the Japanese, carrying three or five bullets in their pockets, this is considered a wealthy household, most of these bullets are still reloaded bombs made in the border area, throwing out grenades that blow up two halves is considered a heavy weapon.
So his analysis is not correct, at least Xiaobian does not recognize this answer.
The reason for the defeat of the Kuomintang, the first of which was that the Kuomintang began to strengthen its anti-communistism during this time.
In fact, this careful thinking has not been broken since the Kuomintang fought the War of Resistance, especially with the process of the War of Resistance, the Eighth Route Army has grown from weak to strong, and the more it fights, the bigger it is, and even if it is, the Eighth Route Army and the Communist Party have penetrated deep into the hearts of the people, which inevitably makes the Kuomintang feel panic.
This is also the case that the Eighth Route Army has become a great hidden worry of the Kuomintang, which is not what the editor said, but the minutes of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and Zhang Xianwen's "Outline of the History of the Republic of China" is also quoted.
So if you look at history, you will find that after 1939, the Kuomintang had many policies against the Communist Party, and constantly launched various anti-communist frictions. That is to say, since 1939, the focus of the Kuomintang has not been on the Japanese, but on the Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army.
So why after 1939? Because the First Battle of Changsha occurred in 1939, the Kuomintang held the battlefield head-on, bringing the war between China and Japan to an impasse.
In 1941, this extremely threatening ideology of the Kuomintang was reinforced, and eventually we saw the anhui incident happen.
The New Fourth Army, with more than 9,000 people, was surrounded and attacked by more than 80,000 people in seven divisions of the Kuomintang, and finally only more than 2,000 people succeeded in the breakthrough, and then Chiang Kai-shek slandered the New Fourth Army for defecting and canceled the name of the New Fourth Army.
In 1943, the Nine-Way Blitzkrieg attack on Yan'an took place, sealing off the Liberated Areas, for which the Kuomintang prepared 600,000 people.
Tell me about that.
So much so that at that time, the Kuomintang believed that There were two enemies of China, one was Japan and the other was the Communist Party, and the Communist Party was even more troubled.
This is also not what the editor said, but was written in Liang Jingzheng's book "The Stilwell Incident".
It is not difficult to understand what Chiang Kai-shek said on March 13, 1942:
"In the future, the situation in our country will be heavier in the northwest than in the southwest, heavier on the interior than on the outside, the whole army more important than the combat, and the economy more important than the political."
Therefore, if some small friends are flipping through history books, it is not difficult to understand why the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region hoarded hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops in those years, and they were elite troops.
According to statistics, from January to March 1944, there were seventy-three riots, and you can give you an average of two a day.
That is to say, the main force, he is not on the frontal battlefield, and it is expected that he will be defeated by the Japanese, and you think the Japanese will pick such a point to attack? The Japanese did a meticulous job of pre-war investigation.
Because of this, there is a second reason.
The Kuomintang began to passively resist Japan.
This negative attitude is actually related to the environment at that time.
Since the outbreak of the Pacific War, the focus of the Japanese offensive has not been on the Chinese battlefield, so the Chinese battlefield has been stopped, even if there is, it is also partial, for example, the Third Battle of Changsha, the Battle of Western Hubei, and the Battle of Changde.
And if you are careful, you will also find a problem, starting in 1941, the number of casualties of the Nationalist army began to decrease.
If you compare this, there were more than 600,000 casualties from 1941 to 1943, and more than 670,000 in 1940.
Then, under such circumstances, the Kuomintang also used another trick, transferring the main force to the southwest and northwest rear areas, in order to preserve its strength.
They pinned their hopes for victory on the British and Americans, and to be honest, it was funny, they did their own things, they relied on others, and the final result was the end of relying on the mountains and relying on everyone to run.
Looking back at the Soviet Union, when berlin was fought, the Americans did not fight, and the Soviets fought themselves, so they still did their own thing well!
Okay, let's move on.
What's more, the so-called "Armistice Agreement" produced by Yan Xishan and the Japanese in private, not to mention the so-called "Armistice Agreement" made by Yan Xishan and the Japanese, makes you very angry.
As a result, the strength of the anti-Japanese resistance was dispersed.
The Battle of Wuhan was able to turn the frontal battlefield into a stalemate, which is the result of twisting the rope together, and what else can you say about the current situation?
So when the Japanese are desperate to launch a blow, all they can see is a collapse.
The third reason, a long period of passive resistance, will blind you.
In fact, the Japanese mobilized 510,000 troops to launch the Battle of Yuxianggui, and if you want to say that there is no movement at all, it is complete nonsense.
And such a large mobilization of troops, you can not do it without a few months in advance, in fact, from the autumn of 1943, the Japanese had prepared, and the Kuomintang also got the news at that time.
Therefore, in history, the Kuomintang formulated the Pinghan Line battle plan.
This sounds good, but the plan was based on the pattern of the previous Japanese offensive and did not work around.
In the past, the Japanese method was to strike at the fighting power of the Kuomintang and then return to normalcy.
This time is different, the Japanese are going to take a large area of land, open up the mainland communication line, the Guangping Han Line this piece of use more than 148,000 people.
Looking back at the Kuomintang, it is said that there were 300,000 people in the First Theater, but the troops were scattered, the battle broke out, and he still had an army in the Huangpan Area?
As a result of this response, although it seems to be crowded, it is extremely easy to be broken by the Japanese.
Even in this battle, the Fourth Battle of Changsha took place, and we know that the first three Kuomintang troops successfully held it.
Then, on the fourth occasion, he still followed the old method of the first three times, and as a result, the Japanese learned the lesson of the three times and stopped doing so, and even the offensive route and the scale of the attack changed.
Do you know how many Japanese attacked Changsha and Hengyang? There were 360,000 people, but do you know how many Japanese troops were at the Time of the Third Battle of Changsha? Sixty thousand people, six times the gap.
Of the three battles of Changsha, the most was only 120,000.
With so many troops in a theater, you know, on the previous battlefield, the Japanese did not invest as many troops in a single battle as this time.
Therefore, the enemy has changed, but the actual situation has not changed.
In the end, because of the defeat at the Battle of Changsha, the Ninth Theater wanted to surround others and became surrounded by the enemy.
There are also scheduling problems, coordination problems.
The Ninth and Fourth Theaters were attacked by the Japanese, and the other theaters of operations were unfavorable, which became an inevitable result.
On the other hand, the Japanese, with their automobile units and railway units, were very flexible in the movement of troops
Finally, in the later period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the combat effectiveness of the Kuomintang troops declined considerably.
There are many reasons for this, for example, the grain collected by the Kuomintang, collected from the hands of the common people, is a big fight, and when it is sent down, it is deducted, and the share of one hundred and fifty pounds is less than one hundred pounds sent to the troops.
That's all, what are the various means of transportation in the army? The big guys all know that as a result they don't pull weapons, they pull smuggled items.
Do you feel this phenomenon, the combat effectiveness of the army?
There are records in the First Theater that they have twenty-one divisions of poor quality, and these four words are what you can smell.
The combat strength of the Ninth Theater is very good, Changsha has won three battles and three victories, won the victory in the defense of Changsha, and fought for seven years, let's not say anything else, his main force has also been transferred to the Burmese battlefield.
Speaking of true character, the expeditionary force can be said to have assembled, the best quality soldiers of the Kuomintang, so under this situation, the result of this battle is not good, and it is also predictable.
Something can't be said, what did Tang Enbo do in Henan? What happened to his troops?
Anti-Japanese, anti-Japanese, is simply to fight the Japanese? This is a war of national peril, and this war must have the support of the people in order for us to win the final victory.
Look at why the Kuomintang was completely defeated in the War of Liberation, and then look at his performance on the anti-Japanese battlefield.