The proverbial language is a means of creating momentum that the ancients were very good at using, and the proverb is simply a prophecy. For example, during the reign of Qin Shi Huang, there was a famous proverb of "Hu Ye the Deceased Qin", Qin Shi Huang may have thought that he was a Hu person, but in fact, it was his own son Hu Hai who died qin. Today we will talk about a famous proverb from the Two Han and Three Kingdoms periods - the Han Dynasty, when Tu Gaoye.
The provenance of "Generation Han, When Tu Gaoye"
"Spring and Autumn Verses": After the Han family was 920 years old, they died with their grandsons and were given the title of inherited. Generation of Han, when Tu Gao also. In the "Story of Han Wu", it is recorded that once Emperor Wu of Han sighed to the courtiers after drinking: "Han has six or seven misfortunes, the law should be ordered again, who should be the descendant of the clan?" 6742, the Han Dynasty, when Tu Gaoye" (Taiping Imperial Records) the group of ministers immediately patted the horse and said that the Han Dynasty would always exist, and Emperor Wu of Han pushed that he was drunk.
Whether it is the lost work "Spring and Autumn Curse" in the pre-Qin period, or the "Story of Han Wu", or the "Taiping Imperial Records", in short, in the Two Han and Three Kingdoms period, the proverb "Generation of Han, when Tu Gaoye" was widely circulated, and was quoted and used many times.
Liu Xiu used it to refute Gongsun Shu
Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty collapsed, and Liu Xiu claimed that the emperor established the Eastern Han Dynasty. Liu Xiu is a person who likes to use proverbs, for example, when he started the army, there was a proverb "Liu Xiufa soldiers can't catch the tao, and Jin Xiude is the son of heaven", which means that Liu Xiu's soldiers are righteous, and in the end, liu xiu is also a day son (it sounds catchy and has a certain demagogic power to people).
However, the so-called chaos in the world, the crowd chased deer, and liu Xiu was not the only one who wanted to be the son of the day, and at that time there was a separatist force called Gongsun Shu in Shudi, who also used the proverb to be called emperor. Gongsun Shu wrote to Liu Xiu that he had the order to be emperor, and what wei wei book "Record and Transport Law" said: "Abolish Emperor Chang and establish Gongsun." It is also said in the "Elephant of the Land" that "Emperor Xuanyuan was ordained, and the Gongsun clan held it."
Of course, Liu Xiu could not admit defeat, so he wrote back to Gongsun and said: First, "Abolishing Emperor Chang and Establishing Gongsun" refers to Liu Yiji, the Emperor of Han Xuan, and Emperor Chang is Liu He waiting for Liu He. Have a relationship with your grandson? Second, the Han Dynasty, when Tu Gao also! In the future, even if the Han Dynasty falls, the replacement of the Han Dynasty will also be a tall and mighty person with the surname Dangtu, which onion is your grandson counted? Although Liu Xiu only quoted this proverb, it greatly increased his popularity.
Director Li Dai himself "When Tu Gao"
Li Dai and Guo Feng became the leaders of the Western Liang army after Dong Zhuo's death, not only beating Lü Bu away and killing Wang Yun, but also firmly controlling Emperor Xian of Han. When he was in power, a witch told Li Dai the explanation of this proverb: Tu Gao's "Tu" is the "way" of the road, and "when Tu Gao" means the high place on the side of the road, that is, the palace que!
"Tu is the way also, when the tu high, que also." A servant is the same as a person, and a very high person is called a puppet." The gong que character is Li Dao's dai character, and the dai character also has a meaning of standing very high. This directly indicates that Li Dai is the "Tu Gao" in the Wei Wei, which can be called the Emperor Han. This witch who did not know where to appear was obviously made up by Li Dai himself, indicating that Li Dai may have wanted to be emperor, but then he was busy with infighting and quickly perished.
Yuan Shu thinks that he is "Tu Gao"
After the art of taking the surname of Yuan out of Chen, Chen, and Shun, he carried the fire with the earth and had to be lucky. See also Yu Wenyun: "The one who represents the Han Dynasty, be Tu Gaoye." "Since his name deserved it, Naijian was known as the Zhongshi. ——Pei Songzhi's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" notes the "Dictionary"
Yuan Shu, which everyone may have heard of, why did Yuan Shu dare to risk the world's great disobedience and be the first to claim the title of emperor? For two reasons, one is that from the perspective of the Five Virtues, it is necessary to replace the Han Dynasty. The second is the proverb "Dai Han, when Tu Gaoye", Yuan Shu is explained in this way, Yuan Shu character highway, Tu is the way, road and way is a meaning, so the generation of Han, must be my Yuan Highway!
Although Yuan Shu painstakingly found out the rationality of his own title of emperor, after only two years of being called emperor, under the siege of Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and others, Yuan Shu quickly rebelled and quickly perished. From this point of view, it seems that Yuan Shu is not the so-called "Tu Gao".
Cao Wei used this to justify the Han Dynasty
Yuan Shu's attempt to replace the Han Dynasty failed, Cao Wei succeeded in replacing the Han Dynasty, and those in power needed a suitable proverb to reflect the legitimacy of their rule, and "the Han Dynasty, when Tu Gaoye" was taken out again. When the group of ministers persuaded them to advance, they understood "Dang Tu Gao" as "Wei", because "Wei" had the meaning of palace que, which was a tall building on the side of the road.
Xu Chang Qi is seen in When Tu Gao, and when the Tu Gao should be Chang Yu Xu. When the tu is high, Wei ye; like Wei, the two guan que are also; the dao and the tall wei. Wei Contemporary Han. Now Wei Jichang is in Xu, and Han Zheng is in Xu, but it is now seen in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wei Shu WenDi Ji
What is even more interesting is that in order to highlight the legitimacy of Cao Wei in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou actually arranged several great Confucians in the Shu Han to explain that "the han generation, when Tu Gaoye":
When someone asked, "When the Spring and Autumn Dynasty Han Dynasty Han Dynasty should be Tu Gao, what is this?" Shu Yue: "When tu gao, Wei Ye." ——" Three Kingdoms Chronicles , Shu Shu , Du Zhou Du Xu Meng lai Yin Li Chen 's Biography "
Zhou Yin asked, "What is the righteousness of Wei Ye, who thought that when he was a high-ranking person, what was his righteousness?" Qiong replied, "Wei, Que name also, when painted and high, the saint takes the class to speak of the ear." Qiong also said: "The ancient famous official position does not speak of Cao; since the Beginning of the Han Dynasty, the famous official has spoken of Cao, so that the words belong to Cao, and the words of Cao are also served, and this providence is also." ——" Three Kingdoms Chronicles , Shu Shu , Du Zhou Du Xu Meng lai Yin Li Chen 's Biography "
This passage says that someone asked the famous Shu warlock Zhou Shu what it meant, "Dai Han, when Tu Gaoye" meant, and Zhou Shu simply replied to Wei Ye! And the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Du Qiong's Biography" has a richer meaning. The Shu Han chancellor Tan Zhou and Du Qiong had a dialogue about "the Han Dynasty, when Tu Gao also" had a conversation, and Du Qiong believed that "Dang Tu Gao" not only represented "Wei", but also represented "Cao". Because the official positions of the Han Dynasty often had the word "Cao", and "Dangtu" can also be understood as being an official in power.
After writing so much, have you found out, in fact, no one has really figured out what "Generation Han, when Tu Gaoye" really means. But it doesn't matter if you can't figure it out, the proverb is something that is originally used by ambitious people, and there are many ways to explain it, how to explain it in their own interests, and whoever wins the final victory in the end is more authoritative!
References: Notes on Pei Songzhi in romance of the Three Kingdoms, And Lu Simian in History of the Three Kingdoms