Written by | Zhao Libo
In the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), Qianlong, who was already old, began to set off a "frenzy of overturning cases" in the history of the Qing Dynasty, and successively reversed all the "iron cases" set by the Shunzhi, Kangxi, and Yongzheng periods. These figures such as Dolgun, Dordor, Hauge and other important figures, Qianlong will either deserve to enjoy the Taimiao Temple or restore their clan status. Among them, the most sensitive and high-profile figures were the Eight Brothers Yunyu, who had been the most powerful in the "Nine Sons and Sisters", and Qianlong also restored his reputation and re-enshrined the tablets in the Taimiao Temple, completely redefining this history.
Portrait of Qianlong elderly
At that time, for the handling of the Yin Yu incident, it was the most difficult problem to test Yongzheng's ascension to the throne, yongzheng tearfully denounced his illegal behavior, and when it came to the "eighth master" Yun Yu burning the Kangxi Imperial Approval, Yun Yu, who was kneeling, took out a small knife in his mouth, raised his hands above his head, and swore to the heavens: "If there is a false word about what the minister says, the family will not be able to end well" In the face of this "Old Eighth" who was unwilling to show the upper hand, Yong Zheng was completely anxious and roared and asked him: "The ZongrenFu interrogated you, why did you burn the Emperor Shengzu's royal approval." You said earlier that you were sick and faint at the time, and burned by mistake. This time, he swore in front of yuan, saying that if there was any false statement, the whole family would die. And the Zongrenfu interrogated your butler, the trusted eunuch Chang Hai and others, and confessed that after you were convicted of the imperial examination in Yaoting more than ten years ago for offering a dying eagle, the special eunuch Liu Zicheng returned to Beijing and burned all the pens, and Emperor Shengzu was also included in it. Their confessions are conclusive, and you repeat them. "Records of Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty".
Skull Image
Immediately after, Yongzheng showed his outstanding eloquence, saying that Yin Yu cursed the family to die, so this "family" has a wide range, does it also include "Yuan"? He immediately ordered that Yun Yu be stripped of his yellow belt and expelled from the yongzheng thirteen years. In March, he changed his name to "Akina" (Manchu dog), Yun Yu was arrested and imprisoned in Baoding North in April, and in May he was renamed "Seth Hei" (Manchu pig). When no one dared to intercede with Yongzheng, Xu Yuanmeng, a university scholar, lay on the ground and cried and pleaded with Yongzheng, saying: "May the emperor remember the brotherhood and prevent the two from dying." Emperor Fury, Who Yuan's Dream Booksharen", "The End of the Chronicle of the Qing Dynasty". After that, "the three people of Yun Yu, Yun Yu, and Yun Yu were all in the same four years and six months, and each court deliberated on a number of charges and declared the world." The scourge of sejong's brothers was even worse than at this time. "Meng Sen Ming and Qing History Collection Continuation" This "Eight Brothers" once made Kangxi very passive because of his absolute support, and he was even angry and tearful. When the crown prince was deposed twice, The Eight Brothers even received widespread support by absolute superiority, and suddenly became the most likely popular figure for the Crown Prince.
Kangxi film and television image
Including Kangxi's uncle and chancellor Tong Guowei and Kangxi's most admired minister Ma Qidu fell to the eight brothers, these situations made Kangxi extremely shocked, he estimated that the eight brothers were so highly respected by everyone, there must be a conspiracy, so he decided to restore the deposed prince to the throne again, in order to save the fierce struggle of his sons.
In the forty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1708), Kangxi ordered the convening of a meeting of Manchu ministers to protect the crown prince and mobilize for the return of the crown prince. Before the meeting, "Ma Qi was specially advised not to predict things", which shows that Kangxi protected him. However, under the covert initiative of Ma Qi and his uncle Tong Guowei, the ministers of the Imperial Guard, Aling'a and Orendai, actively cooperated, and all the courtiers jointly protected the eighth son of the emperor, Yin Yu, as the crown prince, making the throne issue Kangxi very passive. At the beginning of the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1709), Ma Qi and others were severely punished by Kangxi: "Ma Qi should have been beheaded, thinking that the people were admonished. Because of the long appointment, he could not bear to be reprimanded. Ma Qi was dismissed from the university and handed over to Yin Yu for "strict discipline", and his third brother Ma Wu, fourth brother Li Rongbao, and his people were implicated. To a large extent, Yongzheng's handling of the Eight Brothers yinyu is a continuation of the tone set by the Kangxi period, and from Yongzheng's point of view, it is a necessary action to completely eliminate the threat.
Film and television stills
There are three points that are most important to the support of a wide range of forces, one is that the interpersonal reputation is good, for which Kangxi once described as "known to everyone as a sage", and has a good relationship with several brothers, which has a clear advantage over his Yin Chan. The second was to take the initiative to plot, and even to engage in "feudal superstitious activities", and to find warlocks to face his "Tianzi Xiang" public opinion to create a big momentum, but now what seems absurd is very speculative at that time.
Third, the comprehensive quality of the Eight Brothers is superior among the brothers. Because Yin Yu was loved by Kangxi from an early age, he was named Baylor at the age of 17, the youngest of the crown princes at that time. Kangxi ordered him to manage the Guangshan Library and act as the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which was Kangxi's intentional cultivation of the Eight Brothers, and at the same time a kind of weight.
However, Kangxi never had the idea of skipping the first seven sons to make him the heir to the throne, so when Kangxi proposed that the ministers recommend the crown prince, when the ministers participating in the meeting unanimously recommended the eight brothers, he said very unexpectedly: "The matter of establishing the crown prince is very important, and you should discuss it carefully." Brother Eight has not tasted anything more, and has recently sinned, and his mother is also very contemptuous, so you will consider it carefully." The "Records of the Holy Ancestors" was also prevented by Kangxi's full efforts, so that the Eight Brothers Yin Yu hated Kangxi to the bone, so in the "Eight Brothers Offering Eagles" incident that occurred in Kangxi in the fifty-third year, it seriously led to hurting Kangxi and his father-son feelings.
The old emperor was extremely angry, believing that this was because Old Eight was resentful of the last time he opposed the appointment of him as crown prince, and innuendoed this dying eagle to himself that he did not have much time to come, and in anger, Kangxi issued a long edict, and then announced a complete break with Brother Eight, and the father and son were severed. It was not until the fourth brother Yinchen succeeded to the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor, although the dispute over the throne did not stop in an all-round way, but as Yongzheng gradually took control of the situation, these forces were gradually broken by Yongzheng. In accordance with Yongzheng's instructions, the ministers organized a special trial meeting to deliberate on Archina's behavior, and finally listed the fourteen counts of Archina and impeached him. Yongzheng finally issued a verdict: "All the evil deeds committed by Akina are only to provoke anger, and if he is punished, the fools of the world will certainly use this to add notoriety to Him, so that if he is in Achena's arms, he will not be deceived by this." A few months after the Records of emperor Qing Shizong, Akina died mysteriously in captivity, which became the most sensitive event of the Yongzheng Dynasty.
"Dead Eagle Stills"
Qianlong inherited his father's cause but failed to fully continue his father's policy, although "three years without changing the father's way, can be described as filial piety", but Qianlong touched sensitive areas a few months after he ascended the throne, and more than a month after taking the throne, he issued an edict that shook the world: "Yin Yu and other sins are self-inflicted, and the offense has died, but his descendants are still the Tianhuang tribe, and if they abandon the sect, they are no different from the common people." Finally, he asked the Manchu Minister of Culture and Military Affairs to renegotiate and give his opinion. Records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty
So the new emperor received a huge amount of broad support from the good name, and by the time Qianlong was forty-three years old, when everything was like the past clouds, the essence of Yin Yu's case had long been irrelevant. So he thought it was necessary to rehabilitate his uncle, thinking that the charges at that time were unfounded, and Qianlong, who grew up in the court, was well aware of the indifference of this brotherly relationship with no family affection to speak of, and these previous shocks had long since ceased to exist, and it was a very labor-saving and flattering move to gain a good reputation at no cost of rehabilitation.