The Han Dynasty divided the three kingdoms equally, and Sun Wuyuan occupied the east.
Can laugh at the time of Wang Mao, with people idle rise and fall.
I believe that people who know the history of the Three Kingdoms know that Zhuge Liang was very cautious in using troops. The most emblematic of this incident should be Zhuge Liang's denial of Wei Yan's "Meridian Valley Conspiracy". This matter has also become a point of controversy in Zhuge Liang, some people think that Zhuge Liang is too conservative, resulting in a good opportunity to embezzle the Guanzhong region; some people think that Zhuge Liang's decision-making is correct, and the conditions for the success of the "Meridian Valley Conspiracy" are too harsh. In fact, Cao Zhen had planned to march from the Meridian Valley to attack Hanzhong, the gateway of Shu Han, but was trapped in place by a heavy rain.
Where is meridian valley
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition has several roads to choose from, arranged from west to east: Qishan Road, Chen Cang's Old Road, Chu Chuan Road, Luo Luo Road, and Meridian Road. In Zhuge Liang's several Northern Expeditions, the first time the main force attacked Longyou from Qishan Road, Zhao Yun's suspected soldiers threatened Guanzhong at the Chu Chuan Road; the second Northern Expedition out of Chen Cang's Old Road and attacked Chen Cangcheng; the fourth Northern Expedition took the Qishan Road; and the fifth Northern Expedition took the Chu Chuan Road.
We can see that Zhuge Liang did not choose the easternmost Luo Dao and Meridian Road. According to the "Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion, Shaanxi V", the north exit of the Meridian Road is the son, to Chang'an, and the south exit is noon, in Yang County. From Hanzhong to Chang'an, the distance is 660 miles.
Zhuge Liang did not choose the Meridian Road or the Luo Dao, and to a certain extent, he also revealed his intentions. Zhuge Liang himself did not want to pounce directly on Guanzhong, but planned to take it first
Long right
As a support for the eastward march.
"Meridian Valley Conspiracy"
In fact, there is no exact record of the "Meridian Valley Conspiracy" in the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Wei Yan", but it is said that Wei Yan repeatedly persuaded Zhuge Liang to divide his troops into 10,000 troops and jointly carry out the Northern Expedition with Zhuge Liang Yizheng Yiqi. The specific record of the "Meridian Valley Conspiracy" comes from Wei Luo.
The Wei general who was sitting in Chang'an at that time was called Xiahou Shu, who was Xiahou Shu's son and Cao Cao's son-in-law, and had a good relationship with Cao Pi. "Wei Luo" commented that Xiahou Shu was "sexually unarmed, but good at curing life", and he was also lustful. In this way, Xiahou Shu was able to sit in Chang'an and was a related household.
So Wei Yan hoped to lead five thousand battleable soldiers (another five thousand grains) from the Meridian Valley to Chang'an.
Xiahou
The frieze is an embroidered pillow, and it must look at the wind and flee, Chang'an can be determined in one fell swoop; on the other hand, Zhuge Liang is gone
It meets Wei Yan at Chang'an. The Shu Han army could hold the pass, and as long as it was carefully managed, the territory west of Chang'an would be included in the territory of the Shu Han.
Wei Yan's ambition can not be described as unassuming, quite a bit of the style of "swallowing for the great king" when he was guarding hanzhong. However, Zhuge Liang thought that this plan was too suspenseful, and originally the Shu Han soldiers were small and widowed, and did not dare to take ten thousand people to make this big gamble, so they put it on hold.
Cao Zhen cut shu's
head
Tail-ending
After a brief introduction to the Meridian Valley and the "Meridian Valley Conspiracy", the next small editor will explain in detail the beginning and end of Cao Zhen's Fa Shu for the reader.
The historical background of Cao Zhen's Shu
Cao Zhen's reign was in the fourth year of Taihe (i.e., 230 AD) during the reign of Emperor Cao Rui of Wei. Prior to this, Zhuge Liang had already carried out the first, second and third cuts, one defeat, one draw, and one victory. In the second year of Taihe (i.e., 228 CE), Cao Xiu, the Grand Sima of Cao Wei, suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Shiting with Eastern Wu, and died of anger shortly afterwards.
In the fourth year of Taihe, Cao Zhen was promoted to the position of Grand Sima and replaced Cao Xiu, which can be said to be the peak of the world.
During the endless Northern Expedition of Shu Han on the Western Front (the frequency of Zhuge Liang's first three Northern Expeditions was very frequent), Cao Zhen had just been promoted to Sima Da, so he decided to take Shu Han as an open knife, preferably directly taking Hanzhong, or even destroying Shu Han once and for all. Cao Zhen's original plan was to take the churn, which was opposed by Chen Qun. Chen Qun believed that the road was in bad condition and the supply line was long, and it was necessary to consider the long term; later Cao Zhen proposed to take the meridian road, which was opposed by Chen Qun. Cao Rui sent Chen Qun's opinion to Cao Zhen, who disagreed and insisted on cutting Shu. Hua Xin also opposed the harvesting of Shu, but still to no avail.
The marching route of both sides
Cao Rui was also obviously quite supportive of Cao Zhen's move to cut down Shu. Cao Wei had a total of four armies to cut down Shu, which can be said to be a large-scale military operation.
Among these four roads, Cao Zhen took the meridian path
(Records of the State of Huayang and the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, and Later Biography; the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the Biography of Cao Zhen, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the Biography of Wei Shu, and the Biography of Hua Xin record that Cao Zhen took the Meridian Road, and the editor preferred the latter, and may have taken the Slope of Praise);
Take the meridian path all the way
(Probably Zhang Gao)
One from Wuwei
(It may be Guo Huai and Fei Yao, which will be mentioned later)
There is also Sima Yi of Wancheng in Jingzhou, along the Han River.
This was Cao Wei's route of advance, and of course Shu Han also deployed it.
Zhuge Liang's army of Chenggu and Akasaka (also known as Longting Mountain, just at the exit of meridian road) in Hanzhong also asked Li Yan, who was stationed in Jiangzhou, to mobilize 20,000 troops to Hanzhong.
In order to mobilize Li Yan, Zhuge Liang asked Li Yan's son Li Fenglai to take over the defense of Jiangzhou and take Li Yan's place.
The weather is unpredictable
If nothing else, this would be an extremely fierce confrontation between Cao Wei and Shu Han.
Cao Zhen had just enfeoffed Sima Da, and if he won the war against Shu, his position would be more secure; the significance of Hanzhong to Shu Han was more important, and Hanzhong was the gateway to Yizhou, if Hanzhong was lost
plain
Not only did Shu Han have to bear the pressure of Hanzhong, but the road of the Northern Expedition would also become more difficult, and it was likely that he would be trapped in Yizhou.
Therefore, for the Shu Han, this war can only be won and cannot be lost.
However, there was an unexpected storm in the sky, and on the way of Cao Wei's march, it rained heavily, and it was more than thirty days at once. Originally, the road from Chang'an to Hanzhong was very bad, and after successive days of rain, it became more serious, not only the march was difficult, but also the transportation of grain was more difficult. In this regard, Yang Fu and Wang Su successively spoke to Cao Rui and persuaded Cao Rui to return to Cao Zhen. Moreover, in the first Northern Expedition, Zhao Yun was defeated by Cao Zhen, and when he retreated, he destroyed the boardwalk, and the churn road was not passable. So Cao Zhen, Sima Yi and others withdrew. This battle, which could have been very fierce, ended in a hasty ending.
During the battles that took place
Although the whole process of harvesting Shu was drastic, there were still some battles. Sima Yi on the eastern front advanced by land and water to attack Xinfeng County; the vanguard Xiahou Ba marched very fast, reaching Hanzhong Xingshi and engaging the Han army. The Han army attacked Xiahou Ba, who laid out antlers, personally fought, and finally waited for Cao Wei's reinforcements.
In addition, there is a more controversial battle, that is, the Wuwei road. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, and later biography and the Ji Han Fuchen Zan record that in the same year that Cao Zhen was fighting Shu, Wei Yan and Wu Yi defeated Guo Huai and Fei Yao at Yangfeng in the Qiangzhong region.
Some people think that this is part of Cao Zhen's fa shu and a counterattack by the Shu Han army; some people think that this is a northern expedition initiated by shu Han and has nothing to do with Cao Zhen's fa shu. I don't have a point of view on this.
Comparison with "Meridian Valley Conspiracy"
Although Cao Zhen also took the meridian path like Wei Yan's plan, there was actually a big difference between the two. Wei Yan's "Meridian Valley Conspiracy" was a strange and dangerous plan, using Zhuge Liang as a frontal battlefield, and Wei Yan himself secretly attacked Chang'an. And the necessary condition for his success was to hope that Xiahou Shu would escape.
If
Yu did not flee, Wei Yan directly crashed into Chang'an, 10,000 people marched in a hurry, coupled with the road conditions in the Meridian Valley, Wei Yan could hardly ensure a safe and orderly retreat. Even if Wei Yan succeeded in taking Chang'an, zhuge Liang would need to successfully defeat the Wei army at the Chu Chuan Dao and join Chang'an.
I have to say that the conditions of the "Meridian Valley Conspiracy" are too harsh.
Cao Zhen was several parallel, and in addition to the western front, there was Sima Yi on the eastern front. Cao Wei marched generously, the army pressed the border towards Hanzhong, and the Meridian Road was just one of them. Therefore, Cao Zhen's meridian path does not have the high risk and high yield of "Meridian Valley Conspiracy". However, after all, the meridian road was in bad condition, coupled with natural disasters and the opposition of the ministers of the DPRK, forcing Cao Zhen to return to Shu in vain this time, wasting national strength. Soon after this, Cao Zhen became seriously ill and never again led the army to fight.
References: Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of the State of Huayang, Zizhi Tongjian, Minutes of Reading History