After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, China entered the Republic of China period. After many warlord melee battles, the old Chiang finally unified the country in form and became the leader of the Republic of China. After that, although there were still many factions and battles within the Kuomintang, none of the warlords openly put forward the slogan of "building the country". It was not until November 1933 that this situation changed, when a "state" called the "Republic of China" was born in Fujian, which existed for only 53 days but had a profound impact.
The military strength of the "Republic of China" was mainly the 19th Route Army. The predecessor of this unit was the Fourth Regiment of the First Division of the Cantonese Army, headed by Chen Mingshu, and after the start of the Northern Expedition, the First Division was expanded into the 4th Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Li Jishen was the commander of the army, Chen Mingshu was the commander of the Tenth Division, Jiang Guangnai was the deputy commander of the division, and Cai Tingkai was the commander of the subordinate regiment. During the Northern Expedition, the Fourth Army was known as the "Iron Army", and the 10th Division under its command was expanded into the 11th Army. In 1929, the 11th Army was abolished by Chiang Kai-shek, and the units under it were reorganized into the 60th Division and the 61st Division, with Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai as the division commanders, respectively.
After the End of the Central Plains War, the two divisions were merged into the 19th Route Army of the Nationalist Government, with Jiang Guangnai as the commander-in-chief and Cai Tingkai as the commander. Shortly after the outbreak of the "918 Incident", Japan again tried to plot against Shanghai, which eventually triggered the "128 Incident". The Nineteenth Route Army, under the command of Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai, rose up to resist and fought a bloody battle with the Japanese for more than a month, forcing the Japanese army to take command of Sanyi. However, the old Chiang Kai-shek was bent on peace talks with the Japanese and Kou, and not only did not support the 19th Route Army to resist Japan, but on the contrary, he also restrained them everywhere, resulting in the failure of the "128 War of Resistance" to failure.
After that, Chiang Kai-shek transferred the 19th Route Army to Fujian to fight with the Red Army, and appointed Jiang Guangnai as the chairman of the Fujian Provincial Government, and Cai Tingkai as the commander-in-chief of the 19th Route Army, so that Fujian was controlled by the 19th Route Army. Under the repeated strict orders of chiang kai-shek, the 19th Route Army was forced to fight the Red Army and suffered considerable losses. Old Chiang not only did not allow them to make up for it, but instead revoked the names of some troops. This move made the officers of the 19th Route Army very dissatisfied, and Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai and others contacted their old superiors Chen Mingshu, Li Jishen, and others to discuss the way out of the 19th Route Army.
At first, these people decided to join forces with Li Zongren, Chen Jitang, and others to oppose Chiang Kai-shek, but Li Zongren and Chen Jitang were only vain and vicious, and there was no practical action. In the end, the 19th Route Army decided to unite with the Red Army and fight against Chiang Kai-shek. On October 26, 1933, representatives of the Nineteenth Route Army arrived in Ruijin and signed a "Preliminary Agreement Against Japan and Chiang Kai-shek" with the Soviet district government. On November 18, Cai Tingkai and senior generals of the 19th Route Army held an emergency meeting in Gushan, Fuzhou. It was decided to establish the "People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China", abolish the name and national flag of the Republic of China and design a new national flag, and establish a new People's Party of Production from the Kuomintang.
On November 22, the "People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China" was officially announced, with Li Jishen as the chairman of the government, Jiang Guangnai as the minister of finance, and the "capital" in Fuzhou. At the same time, Fujian Province is divided into 4 provinces and 2 special cities. The four provinces are Minhai Province (with jurisdiction over 15 counties), Yanjian Province (with jurisdiction over 16 counties), Xingquan Province (with jurisdiction over 12 counties) and Longting Province (with jurisdiction over 21 counties), while the two special cities are Fuzhou Special City and Xiamen Special City. After the outbreak of the "Fujian Rebellion", the elder Chiang Kai-shek personally served as the commander-in-chief of the "Rebel Army" and mobilized more than 100,000 people from the navy, land and air force to besiege the 19th Route Army.
At the same time as the military offensive, lao Chiang also divided and disintegrated the 19th Route Army, and co-opted its senior generals by means of sealing officials and making wishes. Under the heavy bribes of old Chiang Kai-shek, many senior generals of the 19th Route Army turned against each other, making the situation in which the enemy was already strong and we were weak made more difficult, and eventually failed. From its founding on November 22, 1933, to january 13, 1934, when key officials fled Fuzhou, the "Republic of China" born in the Min Dynasty lasted only 53 days. Although it did not exist for a long time, it had a far-reaching impact and entered the annals of history as a milestone of the "anti-Chiang Kai-shek anti-Japanese movement" and a prelude to the "Xi'an Incident".