January 28, 1932, midnight, Shanghai.
At this time, the residents of Shanghai had fallen into a deep sleep, and no one expected that the Japanese army would launch a surprise attack this night.
When the deafening sound of gunfire resounded over the city of Shanghai, the Chinese army found that the Japanese devils entrenched in Zhabei had divided into three to five routes in a row and launched a fierce attack on their positions.
The 156th Brigade of the 78th Division of the Nineteenth Route Army, together with the 6th Gendarmerie Corps that came to take over the defense, immediately rushed to the battle, and after several hours of fierce fighting, the first battle was won, and the Chinese army fought back against the Japanese army that was going to commit the crime, and the first Battle of Songhu broke out.
In this war, the main senior generals of the Chinese army were Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai. Faced with the wolf ambitions of the Japanese army, they gave orders to the troops in a categorical manner:
"Our army, in order to defend the land and fulfill the duty of a soldier, should be closely prepared for war. If the Japanese army does attack our garrison troops, it should be extinguished with all its might! ”
Under the influence of the two anti-Japanese determinations, the morale of the entire Nineteenth Route Army was greatly enhanced, and thus victory was achieved in the first battle with the Japanese army.
The Nineteenth Route Army, in the historical narrative of the War of Resistance Against Japan, was heroic. The reason why they are so heroic, in addition to the victorious will of all the soldiers to defend their families and defend the country, I think, Jiang Guangnai's personal influence is also particularly important.
Jiang Guangnai was born in December 1888 in Dongguan, Guangdong Province. The Jiang family had a strong smell of books, and the young Jiang Guangnai was also full of poetry and books and received a good education. However, the good times did not last long, and at the beginning of the twentieth century, Jiang Guangnai's parents died one after another, and the family road began to fall.
Jiang Guangnai still remembers November 18, 1903. Because that day was his mother's day of sacrifice. On his deathbed, his mother had instructed him: "Abandon the text and follow the martial arts." This also allowed Jiang Guangnai to embark on a completely different life path than before.
Seeing the decaying country and remembering the teachings of his parents, Jiang Guangnai worked tirelessly and studied hard, and finally through his own efforts, he entered the Guangzhou Army Primary School. Here, Jiang Guangnai became acquainted with a large number of young people with revolutionary enthusiasm and joined the League under the influence of these young people.
On October 10, 1911, the news of the uprising of the Wuhan New Army reached Jiang Guangnai's ears. Hearing this news, Jiang Guangnai set off with his classmates and prepared to join the rebel army in Wuchang. Among these students, there are many powerful people who will become famous in the future, such as Chen Guofu.
After arriving in Wuchang, Jiang Guangnai was incorporated into Huang Xing's ranks. However, under the collusion of the Qing army and the local local officials, the rebel army suffered a huge blow, the army was defeated like a mountain, fortunately, Jiang Guangnai retrieved a life from the pile of dead people.
After that, most of the students who came to join the army together left one after another, while Jiang Guangnai adhered to his original intention, strictly abided by his mother's instructions, stayed in the army, and marched south to fight in the north.
Jiang Guangnai successively participated in large and small battles such as the Second Revolution and the Northern Expedition, and his status and rank continued to rise with his outstanding military achievements. By the time of the First Battle of Songhu, Jiang Guangnai had become the main commander-in-chief of the Nineteenth Route Army.
When the "918" Incident broke out in 1931, the Japanese army quickly annexed the three eastern provinces and propped up a pseudo-"Manchukuo" on March 1, 1932, due to Chiang Kai-shek's telegram ordering Zhang Xueliang to pursue a policy of "non-resistance". But the Japanese's wolf ambitions don't stop there.
In the face of the investigation of the League of Nations, the Japanese army decided to divert attention by launching a "fake war" while packaging the pseudo-"Manchukuo" as a product of "Japanese-Manchurian goodwill" while imagining and giving snakes. The battlefield of this war was set in Shanghai by the Japanese.
At the behest of the Japanese hierarchy, the spy Yoshiko Kawashima came to Shanghai in an attempt to create a major incident to provide an excuse for Japan to start a war.
At 4:00 p.m. on January 18, 1932, at the instigation of Yoshiko Kawashima and five other agents, 2 Japanese Nichiren monks and 3 believers clashed fiercely with Chinese. Afterwards, one of the senior monks was killed and the other was seriously injured. As soon as this incident came out, public opinion in Japan immediately boiled over, denouncing the "ugly acts" of Chinese. The Japanese Embassy also lodged a solemn protest, asking the Chinese government to dissolve the anti-Japanese organization and apologize to Japan!
After learning of the Japanese government's unreasonable demands, the Chinese youth were so excited that they took to the streets to burn Japanese factories and beat up the Japanese. The contradictions between China and Japan have once again become acute, and war is about to break out, which is the so-called "Japanese monk incident."
The Japanese monk incident was the prelude to the first Songhu War of Resistance, and as soon as the matter came out, China and Japan dispatched troops one after another. On January 22, Japanese officials warned the Chinese side:
"If the Chinese Government does not disband anti-Japanese organizations in various places and bans anti-Japanese movements in various places, it will soon adopt the method of peacetime blockade and blockade the ports of Haikou and the Yangtze River."
At the same time, the Japanese cruiser Ōi and the Fifteenth Destroyer, as well as the First Special Marine Corps, and a large number of arms arrived in Shanghai in batches on January 23 and January 24. Faced with the aggressive posture of the Japanese side, Chiang Kai-shek ordered: "Make the greatest effort to resist." He immediately demanded that the Nineteenth Route Army be transferred out of Shanghai, and that Wu Tiecheng, then mayor of Shanghai, be ordered to meet the unreasonable demands of the Japanese side.
When the two sides finally reached a "peaceful" consensus after several negotiations, at 23:30 on January 28, the Japanese Marines launched a fierce attack on the Chinese positions, and the 128 Incident broke out.
On January 29, the "Nineteenth Route Army Electrified the Japanese Army's Offense" was issued, and the telegram was righteously and sternly stated:
"It is their duty to defend the land only by knowing legitimate defense, and it is their natural duty to rule by defending the land, and they cannot give up, resist in order to save the country and protect the seed, and although they sacrifice to one person and one bullet, they will never shrink back, so as to lose the personality of the soldiers of the Republic of China."
In the face of the Japanese shelling, the officers and men of the Nineteenth Road united in their will, fought against the same enemy, wore tattered clothes, and used rudimentary weapons to garrison their positions. The Japanese base camp saw that the defensive line could not be broken for a long time, so they changed generals one after another.
On the streets of Shanghai, people took to the streets to celebrate the victory of the Chinese defenders, and portraits of Jiang Guangnai hanging everywhere in the city could be seen everywhere. Taking advantage of this idle battle, Jiang Guangnai hurriedly formulated a battle plan: it was necessary to hold the two places from Zhabei to Jiangwan and the Wusong Fortress, and to the east of Nanxiang to Zhenru, Dachang, and Yangjiaxing, and to arrange heavy troops, and once the main force of the Japanese army entered the encirclement, it could be encircled and annihilated.
The Japanese were fierce, with heavy casualties on both sides. However, the japanese army's reinforcements are still coming, and the Chinese support can be said to be very little. To this end, the Japanese army issued an ultimatum to the Nineteenth Route Army:
"Fighting shall cease immediately; At the same time, other military facilities such as artillery batteries will be removed and no more shall be set up
In the face of the Japanese army's ultimatum, Jiang Guangnai put his face on the face and firmly ordered:
"Answer it with cannons!"
Seeing that the ultimatum was useless, the Japanese launched another attack.
The war in the front was in full swing, and the soldiers in the rear petitioned one after another to fight, but Chiang Kai-shek refused all of them, and personally called jiang Guangnai to order him to withdraw his troops quickly. After hearing Chiang Kai-shek's brainless order, Jiang Guangnai was full of anger and disobeyed:
"Defending the country and protecting the land is the duty of a soldier. How can a strong enemy suppress a situation without rising up in self-defense? This battle must be fought, and it has already been fought, and it cannot be stopped! ”
The Nineteenth Route Army's determination to resist Japan was there, but Chiang Kai-shek's reinforcements were not in place; with the consumption of the nineteenth route army for several days, the Nineteenth Route Army suffered heavy casualties, and the personnel and ammunition were almost exhausted; the people spontaneously raised ammunition if Chiang Kai-shek did not give the military expenses; ammunition, chiang kai-shek did not give, the people made their own native explosives to donate to the army. The wounded were transported from the front, and the masses spontaneously began to rescue them. With the hard work of the residents of Shanghai and all the soldiers of the Nineteenth Road, the japanese offensive process was once blocked.
After a few days of fierce fighting, considering the current situation and retaining the existing strength, Jiang Guangnai tearfully ordered the withdrawal from Shanghai, and the whole army "wailed in armor and cried out with blood".
After the war, Chiang Kai-shek was dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek because of his disobedience on the battlefield, so he acted against Jiang Guangnai privately behind his back. However, Jiang Guangnai did not care about his meritorious name, so Jiang Guangnai asked Chiang Kai-shek to resign as the commander-in-chief of the 19th Route Army. And at the subsequent memorial meeting for the fallen soldiers of the "Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression", recalling the bloody War of Resistance over the past few months, he could not help but feel sad from it, and wrote with a pen in ink:
Self-defense is a natural human right, thirty thousand people are generous, there are severed generals, there are generals without surrender, and the stones are rotten and the sea is dry; Meet with the shame of the country with blood, forty days to see the danger of the order, I led the king to wait out, do not lead it in, pepper pulp cinnamon wine has a residual mourning.