I. Why did the Battle of Yiling break out?
Whether it is the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" or the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the Battle of Yiling is described and recorded in detail.
In 219 AD, Cao Cao and Liu Bei's Battle of Hanzhong ended with Liu Bei's victory. However, in this battle of Hanzhong, Liu Bei also belonged to a fierce victory, in order to support him to fight, Xichuan had a situation of "men as the war, women as the luck".
At the same time, this battle also caused Cao Cao to lose a lot of vitality, the general Xiahou Yuan was killed in battle, and he lost Hanzhong, who was not yet hot, and what was more fatal was that this was Cao Cao's first and last defeat to Liu Bei, which could be described as a triple blow of strength, territory and psychology!
Cao Cao had not yet eased up, and Guan Yu's Battle of Xiangfan had begun again! It was impossible for Cao Cao to want to march in person. Commander-level warriors will stare around, and only Yu Ban will be able to do so! However, Yu Ban was completely destroyed by Guan Yu's flooded Seventh Army.
Cao Cao was completely out of cards and prepared to move the capital. At this time, Sima Yi proposed to unite with Sun Quan. The reason is that Guan Yu is arrogant, and Sun Quan will not be happy. Because once Guan Yu wins, the balance will be broken. Although Cao Wei was badly damaged, there was still a north to rely on. Sun Quan was reduced to a "supporting role", the weakest of the three kingdoms.
And what is even more fatal is that the reason why Cao Wei has always been unable to take Eastern Wu is because Eastern Wu's water army is strong, and Cao Wei's water army is too dish. Guan Yu has been commanding the Jingzhou water army for many years, and is an expert in water warfare, which can completely harden Eastern Wu. It can be said that Guan Yu is not dead, and Sun Quan is uneasy.
In this way, Cao Cao united with Sun Quan. And Sun Quan also saw that once Guan Yu succeeded, the change in the situation was too unfavorable to himself, so he "stabbed the knife in the back". In this way, Lü Meng and Lu Xun, one pretending to be ill and the other showing weakness, paralyzed Guan Yu, and then secretly attacked Jingzhou, Guan Yu was attacked by the enemy in the abdomen, internally rebelled against the water, and finally the soldiers were defeated and killed.
Liu Bei was dumbfounded after learning the news, this is not scientific, the previous war reports were all my "second brother", from one victory to another victory, why was he suddenly defeated and killed? It turned out that it was all caused by your treachery and treachery - Sun Quan, I fought with you!
This was the cause of the Battle of Yiling — Guan Yu was killed and Jingzhou was lost. Due to the Battle of Hanzhong, Xichuan was hollowed out, and even if Liu Bei wanted to attack immediately, it was unrealistic. Shu Han, Eastern Wu, and Cao Wei all entered a state of recuperation, and no one could afford it.
In 220 AD, Cao Cao died, Cao Pi immediately usurped Han, and Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor. In 221, after two years of cultivation in Xichuan, Liu Bei brazenly launched the Battle of Yiling despite the persuasion of Zhao Yun and others.
Ii. The impact of the Battle of Yiling
The Battle of Yiling, along with the Battle of Guandu and the Battle of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms Period, is also known as the Three Great Battles of the Three Kingdoms!
The impact of the Battle of Guandu was that Cao Cao was laid to unify the north, become the hegemon, and have the courage to unify the three kingdoms.
The impact of the Battle of Chibi was that the three divisions of the world were laid, and Cao Cao lost the opportunity to unify the world.
The impact of the Battle of Yiling was that before the Three Kingdoms really began (Sun Quan did not claim the title of emperor), Cao Wei finally unified the world in advance.
Originally, Cao Wei was the strongest, and now Liu Bei and Sun Quan were fighting each other, which was equivalent to giving Cao Pi a rare opportunity, no matter who he chose to attack, he could establish the Three Kingdoms and lead the two heroes to compete. With Cao Wei's strength, unifying the world will become the trend of the times.
Unfortunately, the male lord Cao Cao was dead, and Cao Pi was too young after all, and there was a divine operation, and he chose to watch from the wall! Looking at Liu Bei and Sun Quan the whole time, he hit a chicken feather, and also showed his intelligence to guide the battle situation - he couldn't understand why Cao Pi was so idle and elegant.
It wasn't until Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Xun and the Battle of Yiling was over that Cao Pi seemed to realize the problem: Bad, no wonder my father said, "When you have a son, you should be like Sun Zhongmou", I was actually pinched by Sun Quan, the boy, and pinched his face! In a hurry, Cao Pi launched the battle against Wu, but a laborer came to mobilize the crowd, and returned without success, which was considered to be a "public-funded tourism".
Thus, the "Battle of Yiling", also known as the most bizarre major war of the "Three Kingdoms Period", could have unified the Three Kingdoms in advance, but in the end it became no victor.
Liu Bei's bottoms were about to fall off. Eastern Wu was also badly damaged and had to subsequently unite with shu han. Cao Wei missed the last perfect opportunity, and also came to an embarrassing ending of "labor and mobilization" to cut Wu Wu, and it was almost impossible to overthrow Shu Han or Eastern Wu.
Why did Liu Bei lose to Lu Xun?
After understanding the whole process of the "Battle of Yiling", I think people will wonder why Liu Bei lost to Lu Xun? And still lose so badly? Could it be that it is really like in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", only because of the seven hundred miles of continuous camp? If so, Liu Bei is also too brainless and lacking in oxygen, and the good villains have also experienced the Battle of Chibi, and do not know the power of the "fire attack"?
The author believes that the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" only emphasizes the factor of seven hundred miles of continuous camp, which is the result of Cao Pi's rhythm.
When Liu Bei and Lu Xun were fighting each other, Cao Pi once leisurely "cut his feet" and pointed out the battle situation while "spitting and flying", saying: "If you don't know the soldiers, how can there be a seven-hundred-mile battalion that can resist the enemy?" 'The soldiers are birds of the enemy', this soldier is also jealous. Sun Quan's affairs are now over. ”
That is, Liu Bei could not fight, where was the camp of seven hundred miles? The large army is so stationed in a large area with too complicated terrain, which is a big taboo for soldiers, wait, Sun Quan will win!
Cao Pi can be described as the first "keyboard man" in the Three Kingdoms. Even his father said that "the hero of the world is only the king and the ear", the battle of Hanzhong was lost to Liu Bei, what battle did Cao Pi fight? What battles have you commanded? Have you read a few books on soldiers to point out the world? Since it is such a cow, why is it still pinched by Sun Quan? It should be known that Sun Quan claims that the best "head express delivery brother" in the Three Kingdoms.
Therefore, Cao Pi's opinion can only be said by him, and when we listen, we applaud and applaud warmly, after all, people are the emperor's big brother, and face is to be given.
It has always been the sharpest evaluation from the opponent. So does Lu Xun have any insights? Don't say, there really is! It is roughly divided into two points.
First, avoid its sharp edge and hold the key points.
Lu Xun's letter to Sun Quan proposed that "Yiling and Yiting" was the throat of the State of Wu, and these two places must not be lost, that is, the final decisive battle would be here, and the early stage was to avoid Liu Bei's front and consume Liu Bei.
Second, build confidence and give full play to strengths
Although Lu Xun belittled Liu Bei, he believed that he had fought all his life, but he had won fewer and lost more, and was not a person who could fight (this was actually telling Sun Quan: Don't be afraid, have confidence. Liu Bei lost more and won less, that was no way to do it, his strength was too weak).
Then Sun Quan pointed out that Liu Bei's "giving up the ship and walking" and not advancing on land and water was the biggest mistake, which was equivalent to ceding the right of maneuver to the water army of Eastern Wu.
Eastern Wu was in full control of the water power, could fight mobile, used infantry consumption, and died, while the water army took a boat to hit you Liu Bei wherever it wanted, and I would hit you. After the fight, get on the boat and leave, making your Liu Bei dry eyes! The water army is our strength, to play. Therefore, Lu Xun said at that time: Boss, you will "play music and dance", Liu Bei will be defeated!
Although Lu Xun said a lot to Sun Quan, it was obvious that in Lu Xun's eyes, Liu Bei's biggest mistake was caused by "giving up the boat and walking". This was the key point for him to defeat Liu Bei. Later, this was also proved, and the Eastern Wu water army divided Liu Bei's army, not only almost killing Liu Bei, but also causing the Shu Han general Huang Quan to be unable to return to Shu Han and had to surrender to Cao Wei.
Fourth, Chairman Mao's comments hit the nail on the head
Cao Pi and Lu Xun's views, especially Lu Xun's views, have long been believed to be the main cause of Liu Beibing's defeat at Yiling. Almost no one can jump out of these two "thinking frameworks". But Chairman Mao put forward a completely new insight, which can be called a sharp point!
Soil and stone for it, can not last long, food shortage also. It is advisable to go out of the water basin and go straight out to the west of the Xiangshui River, because grain is in the enemy's land, and the enemy should fight a mobile war, so that the enemy is scattered. [From Mao Zedong's commentary on "The Biography of Lu Xun"]
The author reluctantly understands, it seems to be divided into three steps.
First, grasp the root cause of the war, the logistics of grain and grass issues. Obviously, Chairman Mao and his elderly family also believe that the Battle of Yiling cannot be resolved quickly and that grain and grass are the top priority for both sides.
Second, Liu Bei divided his troops into the Xiangshui River Valley, looking for the weakest place in Eastern Wu, and attacking, do you rescue Lu Xun or not rescue? If you don't rescue, then take the point to take the surface, I continue to fight, anyway, in your Dongwu territory, grain and grass will be solved on the spot. That is to say, give you Lu Xun a sports war.
Third, mobilize and disperse Lu Xun's forces in the movement, and finally break through each one!
Therefore, Liu Bei lost to Lu Xun, because Liu Bei did not fight a "movement war", he only confronted Lu Xun head-on," and fought very bulkily.
Of course, this is only the author's own understanding, the right to throw bricks and jade.
In any case, the Battle of Yiling was a "stereotyped battle" of the Three Kingdoms, and the pattern of the Three Kingdoms could not be changed in the short term. Because Liu Bei lost the most. If it were not for Zhuge Liang cleaning up the mess for him, it was unknown whether Shu Han could survive, let alone, under the leadership of Zhuge Liang, he could still cut down the Central Plains (six out of Qishan) and hold down the powerful Cao Wei friction.