introduction
“
One will make a thousand bones dry.
"In the feudal era, the growth of every general was often accompanied by a sea of corpses and blood. Perhaps the history books depict his glory and achievements, but in fact, there are many sacrifices of soldiers and civilians behind him. Every battle achievement of the general was based on the human head, from the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.
Moreover, at every time they attacked the city, the generals had to slaughter not only their opponents, but also the people. Along with the change of the flag at the head of the city, it brought the wailing of the people. But the people had no choice but to raise the banner of welcome when the city was occupied.
If they encounter some benevolent generals, the people can still briefly survive the painful period of siege, and after the war, they will quickly enter a state of peace. But once they encounter some inhumane people, they will be in great risks, not only to accept the pain of the siege, but also to face the slaughter after the destruction of the city.
Chang Yuchun of the Ming Dynasty was a typical example of such crazy generals, and every time he attacked the city, he wanted to slaughter the city, and this impulse could not even be curbed by Zhu Yuanzhang. Even in the face of Shunmin, Chang Yuchun would only use two words to deal with Tucheng. So what's going on here? This article analyzes this cruel history.
First, often encounter the spring slaughter city
In the history books, there are many records of Changyu Chuntu City, and one is more serious than the other, and three of the cases can be seen in the cruelty and bloodlust of this general.
First of all, the first case,
Murderous provocation
。 In 1359, Chang Yuchun led his troops to confront Chen Youyu at Jiuhua Mountain, and Chang Yuchun won a great victory and captured 4,000 enemy prisoners. This is the credit of Chang Yuchun, but unfortunately, he quickly turned this behavior into a sin.
At the time of capturing the captives, Xu Da clearly emphasized that
The slaughter of prisoners is not allowed, and the hearts and minds of the people should be gained
。 And before that, Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly told Chang Yuchun,
Prisoners must not be slaughtered at will, or something will happen to them.
However, Chang Yuchun simply ignored the orders of the two eldest brothers
Directly bury these four thousand people alive.
Four thousand living lives were thus submerged in the soil, as if reproducing the tragedy of the 400,000 Changping Zhao Army and the tragedy of the 200,000 Qin Army.
At that time, people had commented that Chang Yuchun and Bai Qi and Xiang Yu were the same kind of people, both of which were
Kill the stars under the mortals
”
。
The second case,
Kill shunmin in anger
。 In October 1367, Chang Yuchun led an army to attack Henan, when the Yuan Dynasty was already decaying and declining, and there was no longer any way to resist the Ming army. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang has planned,
Quickly occupy the land and then carry out new construction.
Unfortunately, after Chang Yuchun won the victory of Huaiqing City, all plans were disrupted.
When the city was destroyed, the people greeted chang yuchun's troops and held up signs to celebrate
Welcome
And the army that often meets the spring is scrappy and ready to receive, everything is in the midst of celebration.
Suddenly, Chang Yuchun snorted coldly and said only two words,
Slaughter city
。 As a result, the soldiers rushed into the crowd like tigers and wolves, and immediately launched a large-scale slashing, and hundreds of people were in a mess, but countless people fell in a pool of blood.
The slaughter of the city was very heavy
Moreover, Qing Dynasty officials all believed that Chang Yuchun was psychopathic and slaughtered Shunmin, which was simply incomprehensible. This incident has also become a stain on Chang Yuchun's life.
The third case,
Misunderstanding to kill
。 In the "Penglai County Chronicle", it is recorded that Zhu Yuanzhang once went to Yixian County, Shandong Province, to beg, but was harassed by the local people, not only did not get food, but also was beaten and insulted.
Zhu Yuanzhang therefore swore an oath of poisoning and one day slaughtered the people of Yixian County, Shandong.
Although this matter has been a long time ago, after Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he looked back on the past with everyone and still talked about this matter. In the excitement of the crowd, Zhu Yuanzhang actually issued a massacre order, ordering Chang Yuchun to slaughter the city.
Chang Yuchun, who is accustomed to killing people, listens to the wrong order and listens to Yixian County in Shandong as a front-line person in Shandong.
What happened next was very tragic, often encountering people stationed on the main road in the spring, and all those who passed by were immediately slaughtered, and later led people to carry out large-scale hunting operations, and all the living mouths were spared. After three rounds of massacres,
Tens of thousands of people are said to have died as a result
There are also legends that shandong is almost unmanned. Some scholars even believe that the people of Shandong, or some of the residents of Shanxi, migrated to the past to fill the gap after the massacre. It can be seen that the viciousness of the spring massacre is often encountered.
2. The reason for slaughtering the city
Killing by nature
。 Chang Yuchun had many problems in the history books, although the history books recorded: "Counting his pioneering achievements, in ten words, Yu Chun lived in seven or eight." "But Chang Yuchun this person really likes to kill and descend." Whether it is a canonical history or a wild history, it is clearly recorded. Therefore, some scholars believe that this person may have psychological problems in the spring and take pleasure in killing people.
This act is not incomprehensible,
Because the pressure of ancient warfare was too great, many famous people would have some perverted needs, and it was not uncommon to encounter spring gains
。 Therefore, when Chang Yuchun heard Zhu Yuanzhang's order to kill, he did not advise but killed and killed, which was very reflected.
Play fast and loose
。 Some scholars believe that this is the main reason for the frequent encounter with spring slaughter, and the second case of slaughtering city can be explained. Chang Yuchun was not mentally ill, nor was it as bad as Qing scholars said. Because according to the historical records,
At that time, the people's greeting signs had two sides, one side praising the Yuan Dynasty and the other singing the praises of the Changyu Chun troops. Therefore, the people are capricious and lingering in the swing, which makes Chang Yuchun feel betrayed.
In addition, just like Hong Chengyu's counterinsurgency logic,
In battle, it is the soldier who puts on his clothes, but when he takes off his clothes, he becomes a civilian. In order to ensure that there will be no changes, Chang Yuchun chooses to kill everything and leave no aftermath.
Generally speaking, this reason best explains the madness of Chang Yuchun, and it is also a special feedback in a special era, coupled with his special habits, it is not incomprehensible.
The historical data is true and false
。 Some scholars also believe that the madness of changing spring may be related to the tampering of historical materials in the Qing Dynasty. Chang Yuchun in the history of the Ming Dynasty is too crazy, and the folk record of Chang Yuchun is not human, even if it is based on military theory, Chang Yuchun's heart is full of darkness.
Therefore, some scholars are skeptical of Chang Yuchun's madness, and even suspect that Qing Dynasty scholars have tampered with it.
Third, the killing and landing are unknown
In any case, Chang Yuchun had killed many people after all, whether he was out of kindness or madness, he was the general who made the people fear in that era.
Therefore, what Chang Yuchun did was wrong in the end, because the most important thing in a country is the people, whether it is a rebel army or a Salvation Army, after success, it still needs the people to develop. With these cruel means, even if victory is achieved, in the end it will only leave a vacant lot.
During the Three Kingdoms period of the Han Dynasty, both Cao and Liu paid special attention to the people, and both of them had some records of people fleeing the river, which shows that even Cao Liu and the two tyrants knew the importance of population.
However, Chang Yuchun seems to be completely unreasonable, and only has war and victory in his eyes, but ignores the people's livelihood and construction.
Therefore, chang Yuchun, this person is destined to be only a general, not a founding minister. Just as the Lord's father commented on Hodge's disease,
This person is too strong, it is actually a murderous weapon, it is easy to fold, and it is easy to hurt the body if it is used carelessly
Therefore, Chang Yuchun did not have a good end in the end, and the history books record that Chang Yuchun eventually fell ill and died.
However, in general, even if Chang Yuchun did not die of a violent illness, or it was difficult to escape zhu Yuanzhang's sanctions, because after the founding of the country, it was a construction talent, not a destructive talent like him, so Chang Yuchun's fate was doomed not to be too good, which may be the so-called killing and falling ominous.
epilogue
Ancient wars were cruel, and in order to win the battle, there must be a fight, and every land that was fought for must be bloody, which many people said they could understand. But losses within the war are permissible, and losses outside the war are incomprehensible. After the end of a great war, any wise person should appease the people and then resume production, but many generals did not realize this, and even produced mass killings like Chang Yuchun.
Such an approach is to release the evil of human nature in war, but it is also easy to lead to the separation of the people from the new regime, and more importantly, the population of ancient society is the most important resource, which is really harmful to others and to oneself, and should be learned. Moreover, the ancient bad habit of robbing a city for three days after laying down a city to fund military use is also extremely bad. It can be seen that the ancient people, regardless of victory or defeat, were victims. And this is the dark side of the war in the feudal era, and the bones behind the generals.
bibliography:
History of the Ming Dynasty
"Those Things of the Ming Dynasty"
The picture comes from the network, if there is infringement, contact to delete!