Zhu Yuanzhang was a great meritorious warrior
In the third year of hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370 AD), The Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was awarded the title of meritorious servant, of which the top duke was crowned six (posthumously awarded).
They were: Li Shanchang the Duke of Korea, Xu Da the Duke of Wei, Li Wenzhong the Duke of Cao, Feng Sheng the Duke of Song, Deng Yu the Duke of Wei, and Chang Mao, Duke of Zheng (Chang Yuchun's eldest son).
In fact, this is not the first time that Zhu Yuanzhang has awarded the title of duke, as early as before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, when Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself the King of Wu, he rewarded three dukes (posthumously awarded).
They were: Li Shanchang (李善長) in September of the first year of Wu Yuan's reign (Zhang Shicheng also called himself The King of Wu, one year before Zhu Yuanzhang), and was enfeoffed as the Duke of Xuanguo. "Xu Da" Shi Hui (平定張士诚), the Duke of Xinguo (this title was later given to Tang He). "Often meet the spring" Wu Ping, into the Zhongshu Pingzhang military state important affairs, the Duke of Eguo. ”
Of the three, only Chang Yuchun did not survive to the third year of Hongwu's reign, and he died of illness in the second year of Hongwu (1369 AD).
Compared with Li Shanchang's later involvement in the "Hu Weiyong case", the whole family was linked to more than seventy people, and basically killed (only one son was exiled for marrying Zhu Yuanzhang's daughter), Xu Da and Chang Yuchun's descendants continued until the end of the Ming Dynasty.
Portrait of Xu Da, King of Zhongshan
But the situation of the two descendants of Zhu Yuanzhang's most trusted Ming Dynasty founding first and second Martial Lords was very different.
Xu Da's family later produced two dukes, not only the only double duke of the Ming Dynasty, but also the first foreign relative of the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Da's daughter was the original match of Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Cheng, and became an empress after the "Battle of Jingnan".
Therefore, Xu Da's daughter was the ancestor of all the Ming emperors from the beginning of Emperor Mingrenzong to the ming dynasty , except for the southern Ming Longwu line ), and the later Ming emperors had the blood of the Xu family.
With this origin, the Xu family could not think of being underdeveloped, truly resting with the country, sharing with the wealth of the Zhu family (after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the two dukes of the Xu family, one surrendered to Li Zicheng, the other surrendered to the Qing Dynasty).
The descendants of Chang Yuchun did not have such a good life, and the Chang family experienced a lot of stumbling.
King Kaiping often encounters a portrait of Chun
One: The Chang family was supposed to be the first foreign relative of the Ming Dynasty
The Identity of the Xu Family's first foreign relative of the Ming Dynasty later should have been of the Chang family (note, Zhu Yuanzhang's empress Ma Shi was an orphan daughter and had no family, otherwise it should be the Ma family).
Because Chang Yuchun's daughter Chang Shi married Zhu Biao, the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Crown Prince of Yiwen (both Emperor Jianwen and Emperor Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty posthumously honored him as Emperor Xiaokang, and the History of Ming recognized his temple name as Emperor Xingzong), he also bore Zhu Biao two sons, the eldest son and the third son.
If Zhu Biao could inherit the throne alive, or if he and chang's son could inherit the throne, the Chang family could become the real first foreign relatives of the Ming Dynasty.
Unfortunately, Chang died early, chang died in the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378 AD), after which Zhu Biao died in the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392 AD).
The early death of the Chang clan and Zhu Biao had a great impact on the Chang family, and after Zhu Biao's death, Zhu Yuanzhang was ready to establish a grandson as the heir, at that time, the third son born to Zhu Biao of the Chang clan (the early death of the chang family's son) should also be a strong competitor.
Because the son born to the Chang clan is Zhu Biao's concubine from the perspective of etiquette, even if the eldest son dies early and the third son is younger than the second son, he is also considered to be the eldest son of the concubine, and naturally has the legal right to inherit.
But the Chang clan died more than ten years earlier than Zhu Biao, and zhu Biao, as the crown prince, could not have been without a proper wife for a long time.
Therefore, after Chang's death, Zhu Yuanzhang took Zhu Biao's concubine Lü Shizheng and replaced Chang Shi as Zhu Biao's wife, "At the beginning, Taizu Chang Concubine, successor Lü Fei. Chang Shi Xue, Lü Shi began to live alone in the East Palace. ”
Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao
The son born to Zhu Biao of the Lü clan became a concubine, and the son born to Lü was Zhu Biao's second son, the later Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunjiao.
Zhu Yunjiao was able to replace the third son of the Chang clan for Zhu Biao and become the heir of Zhu Yuanzhang, because he was also promoted to concubine.
In this way, the status of the Chang family was far lowered, and even if Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Cheng, did not usurp the throne of Emperor Jianwen, the status of the Lü family would surpass that of the Chang family.
Zhu Yuanzhang was good to Chang Yuchun, and he was also good to his descendants, and the identity of the first foreign relative of the Ming Dynasty was specially given to the Chang family by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Chang Yuchun died in the second year of Hongwu, and his son Chang Mao was made duke of Hongwu in November of the third year, and in April of the fourth year of Hongwu (1371 AD), Zhu Biao (then 16 years old, counted as an adult) officially married Chang shi as a crown princess.
The crown prince marrying a concubine will not be a temporary looking for a woman, it must have been booked a long time in advance, from this time point of view, Zhu Yuanzhang's time to book Chang's concubine as a princess will not be later than hongwu's three years after he was knighted, and may have been booked before Chang Yuchun's death.
From this point of view, Zhu Yuanzhang's value for Chang Yuchun is more important than Xu Da, and Xu Da has three daughters who are married to Zhu Yuanzhang's sons, but obviously, none of them are as important as Chang Yuchun's daughters.
The Chang family was an important foreign relative selected by Zhu Yuanzhang for the Ming Dynasty, and also an important supporter selected for the crown prince Zhu Biao.
Stills from spring
Two: Chang Yuchun's two sons were successively removed from the knighthood
Chang Mao, the son of Chang Yuchun, can be made a duke, although it is related to Chang Yuchun, "Mao Yu Chun Gong, the Duke of Zheng", but more importantly, the daughter of the Chang family should marry Zhu Biao.
Otherwise, Chang Yuchun's sons would be eligible to be ranked alongside Xu Da and Li Shanchang (the titles that Chang Yuchun had been knighted before the founding of the country could not be hereditary).
In the History of Ming, changmao was "arrogant and unaccustomed", and in the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387 AD), Changmao and his father-in-law, Feng Sheng, the Duke of Song, blamed each other for "shocking the crimes of the people", which angered Zhu Yuanzhang.
Chang Mao was therefore removed from the knighthood by Zhu Yuanzhang and placed in Longzhou, and died four years later, if Chang Shi did not die, Zhu Yuanzhang should let Chang Mao go.
After Chang Mao was stripped of his title, because he was childless, Zhu Yuanzhang gave the Duke of Changjia to Chang Mao's younger brother Chang Sheng in the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388 AD) and granted him the title of founding duke.
The historical records of Changsheng's ending are not detailed, but one theory is that he was implicated in the "Blue Jade Case" (Chang Sheng's mother, Chang Yuchun's wife Lan Shi was Lan Yu's sister) that broke out in the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu (1393 AD), and was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Another theory is that "at the end of Jianwen, Sheng and Wei Guohui Zuli fought Puzikou and died in the early Yongle Dynasty." Then, Zhu Di drove Changsheng's son to Yunnan, "Shengzi succeeded his ancestor, Yongle moved to Lin'anwei in Yunnan in the first year, when he was seven years old. ”
Regardless of Chang Sheng's own fate, the Title of Duke of changjia had been stripped away from at least the beginning of the Yongle Dynasty.
This is also the sequelae brought about by the early death of Chang Yuchun's daughters Chang Shi and Zhu Biao, if the two were alive, there would be no Changsheng to be removed, Zhu Yuanzhang would not engage in the "Blue Jade Case", Zhu Di would not have the opportunity to become emperor, and the Chang family would continue to be brilliant.
Emperor Xiaozong of Ming and Emperor Hongzhi of Zhu Youzhi
Three: After all the hardships, the Chang family was gradually rehabilitated and was awarded the title of Marquis of Huaiyuan
After Chang Sheng's descendants lost their titles, it was nearly a hundred years later, until the fifth year of The Reign of Emperor Ming Xiaozong (1492 AD), that they were remembered by Emperor Ming Xiaozong, and it is recorded in the Ming Shi Chang Yu Chun Biography:
The fifth year of Hongzhi's edict said: "The Taimiao Temple deserves all the meritorious deeds, and its givers to the king are all the emperors who have pacified the world and have made great contributions." And the descendants may not be in the inches, and they will be reduced to the subordinates. If you can't bear it, you can ask for a concubine, give an official, and worship the ancestors. "He was summoned from Yunnan and given the command of Nanjing Jinyi Weishi.
Later, forty years later, in the eleventh year of Ming Shizong and Jiajing (1532 AD), Ming Shizong posthumously awarded the titles of some of the descendants of the heroes, and gave Chang Yuchun's descendants a title of Marquis of Huaiyuan, and the Chang family regained the status of a Xungui family.
The descendants of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming's five years and Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty for eleven years were all posthumously sealed one by one, not just the Chang family.
Emperor Ming Shizong and Emperor Jiajing Zhu Houxi
This is because of two reasons, one is that since Ming Chengzu's son Ming Renzong, the subsequent Ming emperors have deliberately rehabilitated the old subjects of Emperor Jianwen who rebelled against Ming Chengzu in the "Battle of Jingnan", after all, they are not rebels, but loyal subjects.
The second is that these noble descendants, even if they lose their titles, their influence in the military still exists, and the emperor also wants to win them over.
From this point of view, Chang Sheng, the son of Chang Yuchun, may not have been killed by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Because they were implicated in the "Blue Jade Case" and confirmed the crime of conspiracy, it was difficult for future emperors to rehabilitate them, and Chang Sheng was more likely to be retaliated by Ming Chengzu because of his death to protect Emperor Jianwen.
In any case, the Chang family has a knighthood again, even if it is lower, it will not affect the Chang family to continue to be rich.
The political struggle in the late Ming Dynasty basically did not implicate the Xungui family, so the Chang family was safely and steadily passed on to the end of the Ming Dynasty as the Marquis of Huaiyuan.
Often encounter spring tombs
Four: The end, the Ming Dynasty is removed, and the people who often meet the Spring Dynasty do not serve the Qing Dynasty
The last Marquis of Huaiyuan was named Chang Yanling, and was the twelfth grandson of Chang Yuchun.
When the Southern Ming Dynasty died, Chang Yanling performed better than the descendants of the two dukes inherited from the Xu Da family.
He did not surrender to the Qing Dynasty, but lived in seclusion with his wife (surnamed Xu, probably a descendant of Xu Da, "and Lady Xu Zhongshan's beloved daughter growing vegetables in Jinling Lake Villa") and "the death of the country, the self-irrigation garden, Xiao Ran cloth clothes to the end of his life." ”
At this point, the entanglement between changyu and the Ming Dynasty ended.
Chang Yuchun and Xu Da are on a juxtaposition, but since the Chang family has been dead since Chang Yuchun and his daughter Chang Shi, as well as Zhu Biao, the prince of Yiwen, compared with the Xu Da family, they are obviously more depressed, and there is no Xu family to live a moist life.
However, when the descendants of the Chang family died in the Ming Dynasty, they still retained the reputation of their ancestors, and their titles were not as good as those of the Xu family, but their backbone was more victorious, and they did not lose the face of Chang Yuchun.
Reference: "Myo history"
Recommended reading: Ming History: Zhu Yuanzhang really slaughtered the heroes? It is proved by data that the survival rate is still relatively high
Ming Shi: Comparing the "Founding Emperor" Liu Jin and the "Nine Thousand Years Old" Wei Zhongxian, who is more powerful?
Ming Shi: The Mu family in Yunnan is entangled with the imperial court, why has the Mu family encountered many crises of knighthood cutting?
The performance of the descendants of the six dukes of the founding of the Ming Dynasty when the country was destroyed, one family was martyred, one family lived in seclusion, and the rest fell