Recently received an online Q&A "What is the era and background of Huguang in sichuan in history?" "As a Sichuanese, I don't know if it is Huguang filled in, I am more interested in this, I have studied some information, and I will give you a few small talk here."
In fact, the so-called "Huguang Filling Sichuan" is not only "Filling Sichuan" but also includes people from Huguang and other places migrating to the Sichuan Basin and the Vast Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
The first time: the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.
The 90th year of the Yuan Dynasty was spent on conquest. Beginning in 1228, the Mongol army (not yet called the Yuan Dynasty) fought with the Southern Song Dynasty for Sichuan for almost half a century. Under the Fishing City of Hechuan, the Mongol Great Khan Möngke was also allowed to fold the sword, and you can imagine how tragic the wars and turmoil of these decades were. In more than 50 years of indomitable resistance, most of the young adults were recruited by Raf, and countless people died on the battlefield. The stubborn resistance of the Sichuanese really annoyed the Mongol army, and they repeatedly poured their anger on the heads of the people in the occupied areas, and many places experienced the bad luck of slaughtering the city. As a result, the population of Sichuan and its surrounding areas has indeed dropped sharply, and it is said that the population of Sichuan in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty has exceeded 10 million, but after 1279, it is less than 1 million.
Heavenly treasure land, how can it be without a population economy. Therefore, in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Tang He to clean up the Ming Yuzhen department that was entrenched in Chengdu, and after sending Fu Youde to attack and occupy Yunnan, he began to migrate from Huguang and other places to the Sichuan Basin, Hengduan Mountain, and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to implement tun reclamation. This is the first time in history that the lake has filled Sichuan.
The second time: the early Qing Dynasty.
In the 20th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Sichuan Governor Zhang De wrote to the imperial court, and the population of Sichuan was only 90,000, so the Qing Dynasty began the second "Lake Filling Sichuan" operation in history. This time it was a relatively organized, large-scale migration of residents. Local officials in Huguang and other places in the broad sense have the task of relocating people, and those who fail to complete the task will be evaluated. However, since ancient times, China's farming culture has emphasized "living and working in peace" and "the homeland is difficult to leave", and many people are not willing to move thousands of miles.
As a result, there have been situations of forced and escorted migration in various places. So far, there is a saying in Sichuan folklore, "The ancestors of those who see two marks on their arms are escorted from Huguang and Sichuan; if there is no imprint, but the genealogy writes that Huguang fills sichuan to migrate, it is voluntary migration." "Folk legends have no basis, but only reflect the historical phenomena of the time, and indeed many people were forcibly migrated into Sichuan."
This time, Sichuan's population plummeted entirely because of the word "Tianfu." At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and most of the areas in the north and south of Shenzhou had no livelihood for many years, and only Tianfu Sichuan was relatively calm due to the barrier of mountains and rivers, and it became a rare place to live and work in peace and contentment. The war itself destroys production, coupled with the fact that the war also consumes a lot of resources, the world's heroes in the pursuit of power at the same time launched a fierce battle for resources, the whole country is basically scavenged by them, it can be said that the folk oil and water has been squeezed dry.
At this time, Zhang Xianzhong set his sights on the slightly quieter Sichuan, so the Daxi regime entered the Chengdu Plain, and Sichuan was finally dragged into the chaotic world. Zhang Xianzhong disturbed the comfortable life of the Sichuan people, so everyone was not cold to him, whether it was the landlords and the common people who opposed him everywhere. The Sichuan and Zhang Xianzhong cliques were full of contradictions and conflicts, and the cruel Zhang Xianzhong often killed people and suppressed them, and it is said that he slaughtered the entire city of Chengdu when he went north against the Qing army. This is the first catastrophe that has led to the decline of Sichuan's population.
After Zhang Xianzhong was defeated by the Qing army led by Hauge, the Qing army entered Sichuan without any smooth sailing, and it took 13 years to balance Sichuan. The Sichuan people did not like Zhang Xianzhong because he dragged the place into the war, and likewise, the Sichuan people did not like the brutal Qing army. The Qing army, which has a tradition of slaughtering the city, was very angry in the face of the Sichuan people's lack of buying, and experienced 4 large-scale battles and countless small battles in 13 years, always shocking the locals with massacres. The originally sparse and elegant place became so plagued by so many disasters that only 90,000 people survived during the Kangxi Dynasty.
Two mysteries about the lake filling Sichuan:
First, the genealogy of the Sichuan people is written with the mystery of "ancestral filial piety". Nowadays, the genealogy of many families in Sichuan records that their people migrated from Xiaogan, Hubei. We can't help but ask, were there so many people in Xiaogan at that time? Why did so many Sichuan people relocate from Xiaogan? In fact, this is not the case. At that time, in order to organize large-scale relocation well, the Qing Dynasty government set up a transit station in Xiaogan, the two lakes and two Guangzhous, and organized the relocation of residents to Xiaogan, and the local officials completed the task, and then the imperial court unified organization and transferred to all parts of Sichuan to receive resettlement. Large-scale transfer is not an easy task, and some people stay at the transfer station for several years, waiting for the unified relocation of batches. At that time, it was not an easy task to record the genealogy, because many people did not have cultural people, and they had to be specially edited. Many families have settled in Sichuan to take root, after many years finally settled down, began to compile the family tree, may have died, has been unable to find roots, posterity only heard that once in Xiaogan centralized transfer over, so Xiaogan has become the "ancestral land" of many Sichuan people.
Second, is the "lake filling Sichuan" only because the population of the war has decreased and needs to be moved in large quantities? The answer is absolutely NO, on the population of the Great Northwest is definitely much less, why was there no lake to fill the northwest in ancient times? The real motivation for filling Sichuan was that the Ming and Qing dynasties had been working to bring the rich southwest into the direct control of the imperial court.
For the Sichuan Basin, it is called "diluting the Bashu culture and completely incorporating it into the Central Plains civilization." Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the world is not chaotic before Shu is chaotic, and the world has been peaceful and unpeaceful". There are Qinling Mountains in the north, Hengduan in the south, qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west, and only light boats crossing the Wuxia Gorge in the east, so the Sichuan Basin is indeed a good place to recuperate, although the Qin and Han dynasties have returned to Middle-earth, but they have always been self-contained, as if a clear stream and the Central Plains Dynasty are about to leave. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhu Yuanzhang began to solve this problem, so the large-scale migration of the rich and culturally civilized people of the two lakes and two Guangdong entered Sichuan to dilute bashu from the roots and merge into the Central Plains.
For the Hengduan Mountainous Area and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, most of them are needed for "changing the land and returning to the stream". During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang called the Great Southwest the "Land of Barbarians", and for a long time this side of the water and soil was indeed in the midst of barbaric division. Previous dynasties and dynasties basically appointed local ethnic minority leaders as "toasts" and "tumu" and let them take the place of the imperial court to administer the localities. Some of these local magistrates rule over millions of people, and some may have jurisdiction over hundreds of thousands of people. Most of them managed the localities under the patriarchal system and the family system, and supported the local officials with the slave system, and the society was relatively backward. The Ming Dynasty began to set up "liuguan" in various parts of the southwest, with officials appointed by the Ming Dynasty and local local officials to jointly manage the localities, and used the relatively advanced management system and cultural inspiration reform at that time to promote local development. An important measure to change the land and return to the stream is to migrate the people of the civilized land to the barbaric land of Tunken and Shubian, that is, to guard the frontier, but also to develop production, and at the same time to promote the progress of local civilization, which is actually part of the broad sense of "lake filling Sichuan".
Regarding the background understanding of Huguang filling Sichuan, it seems that most of them are increasing the population at present, and the statement of cultural dilution is purely a personal clumsy opinion, and if it is not right, please criticize and correct it. I am a widow cow, original is not easy, please encourage more, thank you!