The Moon, Mars, and Heartland will end in 2021
Moon, Mars, Heart Ii. Mars will be located north of the Moon on December 31, 2021. This astronomical landscape can be seen from south Australia, Tasmania, Antarctica, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and parts of the southern tip of South America, where the Moon will pass 'in front' of Mars.
Moon, Mars, Heart Ii
For months, Mars' voyage route has been blocked behind the sun. But the Red Planet can be traced from late December 2021, and in the year until December 2022, Mars will gradually reveal its full picture. In late 2021, before the sun rises, Mars is barely visible in the direction of the sunrise. On December 31, the slender remnant moon will help to find traces of Mars. A second red star can also be seen. Don't be fooled, it's not Mars, but a real star, called Heart Ii, the brightest star in Scorpio.
Observed from the Northern Hemisphere, in the early hours of December 31. The red object beneath Mars is Heart Pillar II. In the southern hemisphere, it is possible to use the horizon as a reference to see it from another perspective. When you're in the southern hemisphere, Mars is closer to the horizon than Heartpile II, while the Moon hangs to the left of Heartpit II. In any case, the end of the year is approaching, and this scene is worth seeing.
Because Heartbook II is also red, it is often mistaken for Mars. The English name Antares means "opponent of the god of war", derived from the ancient Greek root Ares, and Ares is the Greek name of the Roman god of war Mars, in fact, it is because of the red color of Heart Andras that she got the name Antares.
Start watching before December 31st
If you choose to observe in the early morning hours, because Mars and the stars are too close to the sun. The time of observation is too early, they have not yet risen, too late, and the morning light will cover them up. So it is recommended to start observing Mars a few days before December 31.
On December 31st, when the morning light begins to illuminate the sky, look in the direction of the rising sun. A beautiful crescent moon shrouded in ground illumination will appear on the horizon, adjacent to Mars. At this time, the stars will also appear, and they will form an interesting celestial triangle and ring the bells of the New Year. Although we hope that we can see this "three-body volley" scene with only the naked eye, it is best to observe it with a telescope.
Highlights: Start observing a few days before December 31, 2021, to see if you have a chance to see the red planet Mars and the red star Heart Ii; by December 31, a crescent moon will join the astronomy show.
Related knowledge
Heart Ii,[13][14] refers specifically to the α Scorpio (Latin alpha Scorpii), which is generally the fifteenth brightest star in the night sky and the brightest in Scorpio. It is a slow, irregularly variable star with a brightness ranging from an apparent magnitude of +0.6 to +1.6, and is distinctly reddish when viewed with the naked eye. Located on either side of the Scorpio σ near the center of the constellation and τ Scorpio, it is often referred to as the "heart of the Scorpion".
It is a red supergiant star , an evolved massive star and one of the largest stars visible to the naked eye , classified as the M1.5Iab-Ib spectrum. Its exact size is still uncertain, but if placed in the center of the solar system, it would reach somewhere between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It has been calculated to have a mass of about 12 times that of the Sun.
It is the brightest, most massive, and most evolved member of the OB Society, the closest to the Scorpio-Centauri Association, which sits at the edge of the upper part of Scorpio, illuminating the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud Complex in Ophiuchi Ophiuchi Ophi Centro is part of the Scorpio Subgroup, which contains thousands of stars with an average age of 11 million years, about 170 parsecs (550 light-years) from Earth.
The naked eye of Asteris appears to be a single star, but is actually a binary star, along with two components known as Scorpio α and Scorpio b α. The brighter of this pair is the red giant, while the weaker is a popular main sequence star of magnitude 5.5.
Mars is the fourth-farthest planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, only larger than Mercury. In English, Mars is the name of the Roman god of war, often referred to as the "Red Planet.". [18][19] The latter refers to the effects of iron oxides prevalent on the surface of Mars, which give the Martian surface a red appearance (as shown in the figure), which is distinctive among celestial bodies visible to the naked eye. [20] Mars is a thin- atmosphere terrestrial planet with a surface that is reminiscent of craters on the Moon, as well as the earth's valleys, deserts, and polar glaciers.
Because the rotation period and the axis of rotation relative to the ecliptic plane are similar in inclination, its daytime and seasons are almost the same as Earth's. Mars is home to Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and most famous of all the planets in the solar system, and Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the solar system. The smooth Burroris Basin in the Northern Hemisphere covers 40 percent of the planet's area, and it could be a massive, impactful feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Phobos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These could be captured asteroids, similar to 5261Ureka, a Martian Trojan asteroid.
Several unmanned spacecraft have already explored Mars. Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; Launched by NASA on November 28, 1964, it was closest to the planet on July 15, 1965. Mariner 4 detected a faint Martian radiation belt, measuring about 0.1 percent of Earth's, and captured the first image of another planet from outer space. [25] The latest successful mars spacecraft is the China National Space Administration's Astronomy 1 and Zhurong lunar rover, landing on May 14, 2021. [26] The Zhurong probe was successfully deployed on May 22, 2021, making China the second country after the United States to successfully deploy a probe on Mars.
Some studies have evaluated the possibility of mars being inhabited in the past and the possibility of existing life. Space biology missions are also planned, such as the European Space Agency's Rosalind Franklin rover. [28] [29] [30] Due to the presence of a low air pressure below 1% of earth's atmospheric pressure on the surface of Mars, liquid water is unlikely on the surface of Mars except for a short period of time at the lowest altitude. [32] [33] [34] These two polar glaciers appear to be made up mainly of water. [35] [36] If the ice water in Antarctic glaciers melts, it is large enough to cover the surface of the planet by 11 meters (36 feet). [37] NASA claims to have found large amounts of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia region. The amount of water it has been estimated to be equal to the amount of water of a Lake Superior of Subimil.
Mars is easily visible with the naked eye from Earth, and so is its red color. Its apparent magnitude is 2.94, second only to Venus, the Moon, and the Sun. [13] When Earth and Mars are closest, ground-based optical telescopes can typically only resolve features that are 300 km (190 mi) wide due to Earth's atmosphere.
BY：John Jardine Goss and Deborah Byrd
FY：Astronomical volunteer team
If there is any infringement of the relevant content, please contact the author to delete it after the work is published
Please also obtain authorization to reprint, and pay attention to maintaining completeness and indicating source