Energy is the basis of everything in the universe. Just as humans need food and water to sustain life, distant stars need a lot of energy to burn continuously, but is the supply of this cosmic energy source limited? Is the universe running out of energy?
One of the fundamental principles of physics, the first law of thermodynamics, is the conservation of energy, which cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be converted from one energy to another. For example, when you hold a baseball, your arm stores potential energy, but when you throw the ball hard, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy to move the ball. Based on this rule, all existing energies have been around since the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago.
Even if energy cannot be destroyed, it can change so drastically that it becomes useless. This is the second law of thermodynamics, where the entropy of isolated systems increases over time. (Entropy refers to how much useless or unavailable energy is available in the system.) As entropy increases, so does the degree of disorder and chaos in the system and it becomes more and more random. In today's problem, the isolated system is our entire universe, and if you accept it as an isolated system, it will be filled with more and more useless energy over time.
In fact, the reduction of entropy in non-isolated systems is not important (e.g., inside the human body), as this reduction is always offset by what is happening around the system. But for an isolated system, no environment can affect, dilute, or reverse entropy. Thus, in our lives and breaths today, everything is present, and we can slowly move towards a state of 100% useless energy in the universe based on some of the more prominent theories – maximum entropy. However, there is a relatively new phenomenon to consider - dark energy. By far, dark energy is the richest substance in the universe, but it is also the most mysterious.
We don't really know what the dark energy that makes up about 70 percent of the universe is. In fact, it does not have the same properties as baryons or conventional substances. Baryons or conventional matter are based on the material that makes up every planet, star, and organism on Earth. They make up only 5% of the entire universe. Dark energy is thought to be able to resist gravitational gravity and is key to the mystery of the expansion of the universe. In the early twentieth century, it was discovered that when the universe was expanding (contrary to what scientists thought before it was), we initially thought that gravity would eventually cause the expansion of the universe to slow down, pulling all the objects in the universe back together. But, now that we know, it didn't happen at all.
Conversely, redshift phenomena like celestial bodies and observations of the light and shade of supernovae prove that the universe is accelerating away from ... And it is believed that dark energy is expanding like a balloon to fill the voids in space. The point is that we are not yet able to directly observe or detect dark energy, and do any real research on dark energy, although there are theories linking it to entropy (or force), as is the "useless" residual theory of entropy.
Dark energy or not, what would actually happen if all the energy in the universe were turned into a degree of being effectively "exhausted"? The Theory of The Great Death of Heat is one of the most popular theories about how the universe will end. Also known as the "Great Freeze" theory, this occurs when the universe finally reaches its thermal equilibrium, when nothing can be converted into entropy. In this state, the universe will exhaust its thermal energy, which means that every star will die and every planet will stop rotating.
This is not the only theory of the end of everything, and while it fits the model of the expansion of the universe, stars are getting dimmer and dimmer, not only because they are moving farther and farther away from us, but also because the universe has run out of fuel for combustion. In 2010, in an Australian National University study focused on black holes, they proposed that entropy was 30 times higher than we had previously studied. Or 30 times more than those useless energies we predicted! Such studies have found that the universe has gone through its earlier period of strength, that is, the universe is actually running out of energy. Because the numbers say yes is only going to get worse.
But the good thing is that the universe is much longer than we can understand. For example, it is estimated that the process of cosmic thermal death takes about 10 to the 100th power of years, or 1 googol year; this means that there are 100 zeros after 1! Since the Sun will expand, explode, and destroy the Planet in just a few billion years, it is unlikely that humans will survive when the heat finally comes. From another point of view, it also shows that we are extremely lucky to exist in the universe at this moment.
We are known to live in a perfect, just enough distance from the sun to give us life (even if it would eventually destroy us), but some scientists believe that we are now also in the "temporary blonde zone" (note: habitable zone for the planet). We have all the important elements we need for life, and we don't have to worry about the day we'll be the victims of heat death. In essence, the current chemical evolution of the Milky Way is proceeding smoothly; and the universe is at the correct stage of its huge energy conversion process, creating sufficient conditions for the emergence and continuation of life on Earth. This is not to say that the trajectory of the planet is designed specifically for us, it is more based on the fundamental laws of physics.
Interestingly, entropy is not just a physical problem. People are also exploring its connection to human psychology and biology – some scientists have even suggested that entropy drives human consciousness... In a way, one's consciousness is the product of one's own entropy; it is a potentially unknowable method of speculating about "how the brain works." Some also argue that entropy is an integral part of the evolution of life; as life progresses, it is moving toward an unavoidable end, eventually reaching equilibrium.
In the 1970s, scientist Ilya Prigogine won the Nobel Prize for his research in this groundbreaking field of science, but this is mentioned in another video. Today, unless the laws of thermodynamics are proven to be wrong, we can already be sure that the supply of useful energy in the universe is limited. This does not mean "running out" of energy, but transforming it into something else, a process that feels like moving forward in a one-way line that eventually leads to balance and heat. But if all this happens, there will never be a second 10th to the 100th power. Of course, that's a long, long time later.
Related knowledge:
The universe (Latin: universus) refers to all space, time,[a] and its connotations,[10] including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. The Big Bang theory is a universally accepted cosmological description of the evolution of the universe. According to this theory, space and time appeared together 13.787±0.0201 billion years ago,[11] and the universe has been expanding ever since. Although the size of the entire universe is still unknown,[3] it is at least 23 trillion light-years in diameter, according to the equation of expansion of the universe. [12] Moreover, humans can measure the size of the observable universe, which is currently estimated to be about 93 billion light-years in diameter.
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