The vast city of Beijing has ushered in how much history has been sent, and countless celebrities have made meritorious achievements here, living and dying. In this city full of stories, along the Houhai, there is a courtyard that has gone through vicissitudes, which is the former residence of Song Qingling.
In this ancient and solemn courtyard, witness the historical story of more than a hundred years, and its owner changes with the changes of the world.
Let's take a look at this courtyard full of stories.
During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the Pearl Mansion
The former residence of Song Qingling on the north bank of the Houhai Sea that we can see today, this quaint building, was already the residence of celebrities as early as the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Kangxi Dynasty, the mansion on the north shore of houhai was once the residence of the university scholar Pearl. According to the document "Continuation of the Xiaoting Pavilion", it is recorded in the "Jingshi Prince's Mansion No." "The Prince Cheng's Mansion is on the north shore of Jingye Lake, which is a pearl house. ''This document, written during the Light Years of Jiaqing Province, records the earliest owners of the mansion.
Mingzhu's ancestors were prominent, and Mingzhu's grandfather was Yehebel Jintaishi. When Nurhaci destroyed Yehe, Jintaishi refused to surrender and was hanged. Pearl's father, Nyaha, came with his brother Delegle and was incorporated into the Manchurian Yellow Banner and given the title.
Later, the Naran family was related to the Aishin Kyora royal family.
Naran Mingzhu married the daughter of prince Azig of England, and was considered to be the cousin of the Kangxi Emperor. In the fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the 31-year-old Pearl was promoted from a bachelor of adjutant to a bachelor of the Inner Hong Academy of Literature; in the tenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he was appointed as a lecturer at the feast; and in the sixteenth year of Kangxi, he was promoted to a member of the Cabinet University.
Mingzhu's eldest son, Naran Zhide, was also a famous talent, a famous lyricist during the Qing Dynasty, and wrote the "Tongzhitang Collection". Naranjand has planted several open-blooming nocturnal flowers in this mansion for hundreds of years.
There is another little story about the flowers that still bloom in this ancient courtyard.
According to records, in the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Naran Zhide was unwell shortly after accompanying him on a southern tour. At the same time, the death of Wu Zhaoqian, a friend of the year, made him sigh with the lament of "How thick is the sky, how talented, and what a chance to meet". The resignation of his friend Yan Shengsun returned to the south, which made him even more sad. On May 23, 2004, Naran Zhide, Zhu Yizun and other literary friends gathered under the Bright Blossom Night Flower Tree in their own garden and composed the Five Laws of Night Flower.
The poem reads: ''The two nights before the steps are closed, and the branches and leaves are covered with flowers. Dense and rainy, curly and obscure. The shadow is chaotic with the foil, and the perfume is sinking. This can be angry, and rotate to meet Xiao Yang. ''
Today, the person who wrote the poem has long gone, and the grand scenery is left in vain, and between the blossoms and falls of flowers, the hundred years are fleeting.
Qianjia period - many changes of ownership
This mansion changed hands with the decline of the Pearl family.
During the Qianlong period, Mingzhu's grandson Cheng An offended the powerful minister at that time, he Yan, according to legend, he Yan repeatedly extorted Cheng An, but did not achieve the goal, so Cheng An was forcibly woven by He Yan, the family property was confiscated, and the mansion was confiscated by He Yan.
During the Qianlong period, this quaint courtyard became the villa of Hezhen.
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), the Jiaqing Emperor ordered he to be imprisoned.
When he was in an important position, the wealth he amassed was worth about 820 million to 1.1 billion taels of silver, and the gold and silver he owned, plus other antiques and treasures, exceeded the sum of the fifteen years of fiscal revenue of the Qing Dynasty government.
Fifteen days after the death of the Qianlong Emperor, the Jiaqing Emperor committed suicide by giving He yan the property and giving it to Yong Yan the Prince of Chengzhe. According to the regulations of the royal palace, this house was rebuilt and built for the sake of prince Cheng's palace.
According to Qianlong's sixty-year "Case of the Ministry of Internal Affairs", it is recorded: "Gong Cha in October of the previous year, The purpose of Zun was to build a garden on the west side of the new palace, and the slaves and others obeyed the discretionary practice, hot samples, and as usual, they needed about 52,891 yuan and 2 pieces of silver for the work materials. ''
Prince Cheng's mansion underwent large-scale renovations during the Qianlong period. However, the throne of Prince Cheng was not hereditary, and during the Guangxu period, the palace was taken back by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Guangxu period - Prince Shuo's palace
In the fourteenth year of qing guangxu (1888), the Chengwang Mansion was changed to the Prince of Alcohol Palace. Prince Yizhen was the seventh son of the Daoguang Emperor, and this mansion used to be commonly known as the "Seven Masters' Mansion".
YiZhen was the biological father of the Guangxu Emperor, who was created the Prince of Alcohol County in the first year of Xianfeng and the Prince of Jin in the eleventh year of Tongzhi. When Xianfeng was divided into provinces in the seventh year, YiZhen's mansion was in Taiping Lake in Xuannei, and in the fifteenth year of Guangxu moved to the new mansion in Houhai, so the old mansion was called Nanfu and the new mansion was called Beifu.
The deeds of Yi Zhen's move to Houhai Xinfu are recorded in the "Living Registration" of the Guangxu Period, which reads: "'On the first day of the first month of September in the fourteenth year of Guangxu, the cabinet was entrusted to Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhaozhuang Zhuang Emperor Yi Yi Zhi: Prince Yi Zhen of Alcohol said that the current residence was the birthplace of the emperor, and the honor was whether it should be paid, and please obey the order. Prince Shuo's palace was the emperor's residence, and should be promoted to a palace in accordance with the constitution of the second year of Zheng Keyong and the decree of the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong. It is allowed to be paid respectfully. ''
During the Qing Dynasty, the mansion where the emperor lived since childhood was called the "Qianlong Residence", and became the emperor after Zai Xiang, so Yi Zhen was not suitable to live here.
The edict ordering the relocation was issued in September of the fourteenth year of Guangxu, and after some renovation of the old mansion, which had once been the Prince of Cheng, Yi Zhen moved into the new mansion the following year. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu, the Northern Mansion of the Prince of Alcohol was built and moved in.
After renovation, the mansion was more quaint and elegant during the period of prince alcohol. At the same time, because the Qing Dynasty made detailed regulations on the main building of the royal palace, such as the "Great Qing Huidian" volume 58 years: ''Prince's palace system, the main gate of the five rooms, the opening gate of the three, the chongyuan, the base height of three feet. The main hall has seven rooms, and the base height is four feet five inches. Nine rooms each in the wing. The front ring is in the right railing, and the base is seven feet two inches high...''
These many regulations also made the structure of the royal palace regular. The Prince of Alcohol Palace is located on the north bank of the Shichahai Sea, and the site of the palace sits on the north and faces the south, surrounded by a high wall, which is in line with the provisions of "'Zhen Yi Chongyuan'". It is formed by a group of five axis buildings side by side, commonly known as the five roads.
The middle road of the palace is the main building. The rest of the east, west and south sides are surrounded by groups of houses, and the north gate is flanked by walls. There is a pair of stone lions in front of the gate, a shadow wall in the east gate, and a horse stone and a horse stake on the outside. The entire forecourt environment is regular, serious and grand, which is more representative in the Qing Dynasty royal palace.
Former residence of Song Qingling
After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the mansions of the royal family underwent great changes.
After 1949, Zaifeng sold the entire Prince of Alcohol palace to the state, making it the only palace in Beijing to be acquired by the new government rather than accepted. The main body of the royal palace was later used as the office of the Ministry of Health, which was changed to the State Administration of Religious Affairs in 2001; the second school for the deaf in Beijing was built in the eastern stables, and the school was moved out in 2010 and is now a protected land; the west garden was converted into the residence of Soong Ching-ling.
In 1963, the renovation of the West Garden was completed. The main courtyard surrounded by the lake originally had a stage and a small courtyard on the west side, and after demolition, a two-story main building was built, and the open space on the south side was opened for lawn. The exterior of the main building is shaped by a classical-style large roof, and the interior is designed in a Western-style modern style according to the living habits of Song Qingling.