The Kangxi Emperor was the most powerful emperor in Chinese history, and his life was a life of power struggle.
Kangxi was born on March 21, 1654 (May 4, 1654) in the 14th year of Shunzhi and died on November 13, 1722 (December 20, 1722) of the 61st year of the Reign of Kangxi, at the age of 69. He ascended the throne at the age of 8, pro-government at the age of 14, and in May of the eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1669), the 15-year-old Kangxi Zhi took the bait and pulled out the biggest threat around him. His life was mainly aimed at the history of the five forces, namely Aobai, San Francisco, Suo'etu, Mingzhu, and the Southern Han elite.
He also fought and supported foreign forces: after eliminating Aobai and San Francisco, he reused the Pearl and Soetu
In the twelfth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1673), at the age of 19, Xuan Ye encountered the "San Francisco Rebellion" that lasted for eight years, and this civil war did not end until the twentieth year of kangxi in 1680, when he was 26 years old. By the twenty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1682), that is, at the age of 28, there was basically no danger of overturning from the Qing court's theory of the world. Taiwan in the southeast also returned to the motherland the following year.
As a result, the world once again entered a period of recuperation, that is to say, the Kangxi era began to legitimize the governance of the country and the state on the whole. Generally speaking, if a unified regime can survive for more than fifty years, there is basically no possibility of overthrowing the new regime by the old forces of the former dynasty or the forces that are thinking of the former dynasty. At this time, it depends on your dominance, and if not, then enter a new historical cycle.
Like many regimes, when there was no danger of being overwhelmed by war, the slow suicide in peacetime began, and two major political forces emerged in the Kangxi Dynasty. That is, the party struggle with Soetu (1636-1703) as the first party and Mingzhu (1635-1708) as the party. The two sides fought for your life and death, and even a song sang: "Heaven wants to be peaceful, kill Lao Suo (Suo Ertu); Heaven wants peace, kill Lao Ming (Pearl)."
In this case, if Kangxi did not deal with it decisively, chronic suicide was likely to become an acute other killing, and he himself was swallowed up by the party. The political struggle in ancient times was cruel, and when the struggle for power and profit was red-eyed, it was said that you were the closest relative, that is, the emperor and even the Jade Emperor were still fighting.
To this end, Kangxi decided to attack the two. The most dangerous of the two is Soetu.
Soempto
Soetu's father, Soni, was one of the founding fathers of the Qing Dynasty, and their father and son contributed greatly to Kangxi in the murder of Aobai, and Soetu's niece was still an empress, and was very much loved by Kangxi, and the empress's son, the second son of the emperor (the eldest son), was also made crown prince. His power was very strong in politics, especially in the military, and for this reason, Kangxi decided to attack Suo'ertu.
Zuo Du YuShi Wei Xiangshu Zuo Du Yu Shi Wei Xiang Shu took advantage of the great earthquake in Beijing on July 28, 1679 (September 2, 1679) in Kangxi to play a role in the title of heavenly punishment and secretly impeached Soltu.
Kangxi still pretended to reuse Suo'etu, and after more than three months, Kangxi could not go to the court due to illness, and Suo'etu was acting as a state agent. However, in the new year, Kangxi changed his attitude toward Suo'etu, often criticizing him for being too corrupt. The political enemies of the chargé d'affairs envoy Soetu were not only the Pearl forces, but also other forces were also very dissatisfied with him. With the help of Kangxidi's criticism, all factions opened fire on Suo'etu.
In March of the 22nd year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1683), most of Suo'etu's meritorious titles and official titles were removed, and only the post of Zuo Ling was retained.
Mingzhu seems to have triumphed in the struggle with Soeto, but Mingzhu is careless and forgets that Soetu is "dead and not stiff". Kangxi was easier to deal with Mingzhu, after all, there was a prince and a dead empress behind Soetu, and Kangxi couldn't be cruel to Soltu. There is a deeper affection and the face of the prince. He was not polite to Mingzhu, and seeing that Mingzhu's power had soared, Kangxi deposed him in the name of "friends" in the twenty-seventh year (1688).
Pearl of Naran
Mingzhu saw it more clearly, and although he was gradually restored to power after he was deposed. But Mingzhu no longer focused on the political power struggle but on the economy, and began to use her position and power to do all kinds of business. In contrast, Suo'ertu did not know how to advance or retreat, and finally Suo'ertu was punished by the emperor and died, and 5 years after Suo'ertu's death (1708), Mingzhu died of illness.
After Mingzhu was beaten down, in order to deal with the Mingzhu forces, Kangxi finished fighting Suo'ertu and began to help. In the twenty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1686), he lifted him up and gave him an official position, and re-roamed the political arena. In the 27th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he even had him negotiate with Tsarist Russia and eventually sign the Treaty of Nebuchu. In several battles against the Gardan forces from the 29th to the 36th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, its power gradually returned.
The problem was that Kangxi was increasingly dissatisfied with the crown prince, and his feelings for suo'etu, an important pillar of the prince, disappeared. As a result, Kangxi imprisoned Suo'etu in the forty-second year (1703) and died unknowingly.
Use the Southern Party Guo Xuan to overthrow mingzhu, and then use the contradictions within the Southern Party to completely eliminate the Han elite group
After the Manchu nobles were overthrown by the Kangxi, the contradictions between the north and the south of the Han elite came out. At the beginning of the Shunzhi Dynasty, an important member of the "Northern Party", Ning Guanmei (1593-1665), an important member of the "Northern Party", launched an attack on Chen Mingxia (1601-1654), an important representative of the "Southern Party", and destroyed his party. However, the contradiction between the Northern Han elite and the Southern Han elite has always existed.
Xu Qianxue
During the Kangxi Dynasty, the "Northern Party" pinned its trust on the Pearl Force. The representatives of the "Southern Party" forces are Xu Qianxue, Gao Shiqi, and other Jiangsu and Zhejiang Han bureaucratic cliques. In favor of Guo Xuan, an important member of the "Northern Party", Kangxi tripped over jin fu (1633-1692) and Mingzhu successively. As soon as the pearl fell, the power of the "Southern Party" soared.
But the problem is that there is often a bad phenomenon within our Han people: frequent infighting. Seeing that the "Southern Party" forces were vigorous, Kangxi was worried that the elite power of the Han Dynasty had risen sharply, and after the "Southern Party" had started fighting, Kangxi was willing to "push the boat along the water."
Xu Qian was a student in the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631) and died in the thirty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1694), a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Attached to the Pearl Group, Pearl's eldest son Naranjande is his protégé. In the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1683), he was admitted to the Southern Study. The following year, he was appointed as a servant of the bureaucracy, and gradually formed the Southern Party to break with the Pearl.
Gao Shiqi was born in the second year of Shunzhi (1645) and died in the forty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1703), a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang. He was a member of the "North Drift" clan, and because he failed many examinations, he made a living selling calligraphy and paintings at Baoguo Temple. Later, he was favored by Soetu and brought him into the palace. In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Kangxi saw the inscription on the plaque of the Guandi Temple that Gao Shiqi had rebuilt in the palace, and liked it very much, so that he took the Hanlin Academy examination in the tenth year of Kangxi (1671), and was promoted to the first place because of his good calligraphy, and remained in the Hanlin Academy.
In his spare time, Kangxi often wrote poems with him, and for the first time in his time, he lived in the Xi'an Gate House in the Imperial City.
It is said that there is a relationship between Gao Erqi and Soetu, but Soetu's attitude towards Goldschi makes him a so-caller of Soetu.
Gao Shiqi was already valued by the emperor, but Suo Ertu still had an arrogant attitude toward Gao Shiqi, often reprimanded and punished him for kneeling, and still used him as a servant and a slave. For this reason, Gao Shiqi was very dissatisfied with Suo'etu, and once talked with Kangxi all night, exposing Suo'etu's ill-intentions.
Xu Qianxue and Gao Shiqi gradually gained Kangxi's trust in the process of helping Kangxi overthrow Suo'etu and Mingzhu, and held great power in their hands, eventually forming the saying that "Xu Jian'an (Xu Qianxue's character) is full of Han, and Gao Yuanren (Gao Shiqi's character) breathes wind and thunder".
However, the old problem of the Han people has come up - infighting. The reason for the infighting is simple, for the sake of power positions. As a result, Gao Shiqi's side was formed, with the main members Li Guangdi and Wang Hongxu, while Xu Qianxue had two brothers, Xiong Cilu and Guo Xuan.
On September 19, 1689 (October 31, 1689), Zuo Du Yushi GuoXuan impeached Gao Shiqi, Zuo Du Yushi Wang Hongxu, Ke Dao Hanlin officials He Kai, Chen Yuanlong, and others for "adultery in appearance, it is difficult to understand the bamboo" and "jackals have their nature, snakes and scorpions have their hearts, and ghosts and scorpions have their shapes" for the four major crimes of the killer. In the end, Gao Shiqi and Wang Hongxu returned home to retire. After Xu Qianxue overthrew Gao Shiqi and Wang Hongxu, he thought he could sit back and relax. Who knows, a person named Xu Sanli was killed in the horizontal thorn.
Xu Sanli was born in the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1625) and died in the thirtieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1691), a native of Anyang, Henan. On September 28 (November 9), Xu Sanli was impeached at this time, xu Qianxue, who had temporarily stepped down from beijing, and entered the palace to accept bribes in the name of xiushi.
As a result, Xu Sanli failed to participate in impeachment and was demoted to a second level. Xu Sanli, as a scholar, is more screwed up from his bones. Once unsuccessful, again sparse. This time, the folk song "went to Yu Qin Juniper (Yu Guozhu), came Xu Yansong", "The treasures of the four sides return to the East Sea (Xu Qianxue's character), and the golden pearls of all nations send to the people". Subsequently, Xu Qianxue's eight pieces of evidence of bribery were listed and announced to the world.
Kangxi looked at it, and the evidence was conclusive! So what to do? Xu Qianxue also went back to his hometown to rest. However, Xu Qianxue continued to do evil in his hometown, and died of illness on the seventh day of March in the fifty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1715) at the age of seventy-eight. His good friend Guo Xuan also resigned and returned home.
At this point, Kangxi really controlled power. In front of him, no force can compete for power with him, whether it is clear or secret. The remaining Soetu belonged more to the more advanced "imperial succession" dispute, and when the crown prince was not favored by Kangxi, Soetu also disappeared effortlessly.