In 333 BC, after Gongsun Yan took the post of Daliang, he immediately led the Qin army to attack the Wei state of Diaoyin and defeated the Wei army, and the following year the state of Wei was forced to cede Yin jin to Qin.
In 328 BC, Zhang Yi took The Qin army to occupy Puyang in the State of Wei, and then Zhang Yi played tricks on persuading King Hui of Qin to return Puyang to the State of Wei and send his son to the State of Wei as a hostage.
He said to the King of Wei, "You see that the State of Qin has captured Puyang and returned it to you, and has sent his son to come and take you as a hostage. This was obviously a threat to the King of Wei, and as a result, the State of Wei presented the fifteen counties of Shangjun and Shaoliang to the State of Qin, which was similar to the meaning of the Qing government after the Sino-Japanese War of 30 million taels.
The saying that "the subject is loyal to the king, and the king is loyal to the subject" has become,
Question: Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi are both From Wei, are they traitors or not? Lead the way party!
In the entire four-hundred-year history of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, such incidents have emerged endlessly, and in the eyes of modern people, bringing soldiers from other countries to fight their own countries is not authentic in any way, and even scolded by people, but the Spring and Autumn Warring States and the people who followed the early Western Han Dynasty did not seem to think so.
For example, Sima Qian wrote the "Records of History" and said that Wu Zixu made such an evaluation
"Xiang Ling Wu Zixu died from luxury, what a different ant." Abandoning small righteousness, snow is great shame, and the name will be in the future generations." Said: If Wu Zixu listened to the words of the King of Chu and died with his father, it would be like a dead ant. Abandoning small righteousness, snow shame, flowing through the ages.
You see here, at this time, no one said that Wu Zixu would give up his small family for everyone, and loyalty to the king became an insignificant righteousness, while overturning his own country became a famous thing for eternity.
To understand the meaning of this, we have to talk about the meaning of the country and home during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period.
According to the majestic blueprint of the Zhou royal family, the Heavenly Son seals the princes, the princes are sealed, the doctors are sealed, and the "Li Le conquest comes out of the Son of Heaven" The world is friendly and beautiful. Note that although this "Lile conquest" was placed in front of it, the basic role was still the word "conquest", which means that Zhou Tianzi told everyone to do things according to my rules, otherwise you will be beaten. Under zhou Tianzi's arrangement, the world was divided into individuals one by one, to put it bluntly, that is, the world and the country belonged to a certain family, the home was the country and the country was the home!
However, in the spring and autumn warring states era, Zhou Tianzi was overthrown, first by the Rong people, and later by his relative Zheng Guo. At this time, when the princes looked at it, it turned out that Tianzi was a weak chicken, and he did not attach so much importance to Li Le, which was the so-called "Li Collapse Le Bad".
The specific manifestation of the "Li Collapse And Happiness" is that the princes intend to replace Zhou Tianzi, the doctors intend to replace the princes, and the Lu Kingdom plays a little deeper, and the Ji family's vassal Yang Hu can even directly control the Lu State at one level. This is the look of the system from the vertical point of view, from the horizontal point of view is the various princely states fighting each other, not only the various princely states fight each other, but also the doctors in the princely countries fight each other. The direct manifestation is that the world is in chaos!
Some people think about what is wrong in the world, so there is a package of solutions, some say that they love and do not attack, some say that small countries and widows, these two plans are obviously not scientific enough, no one cares about the United Nations and international law represented by Zhou Tian, how can we adhere to the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence"?
Confucius said, "The subject is loyal, and the king is loyal, and the king is loyal to the subject" In simple terms, it is hello, I am good, everyone is good, it sounds like it is quite good, but when you think about it, it is not that thing. Because the premise of this truth can be realized is that all the people in the world are gentlemen, and there is not a single white-eyed wolf.
According to the theory of game theory, this ideal of Confucius is a typical game between demons and angels, angels have a serious sense of morality, so he will firmly believe in moral theory, but demons will not think like this at all, the angel chooses "envoys to be courteous", the demons will immediately choose "things are not loyal", because others are good to you and you are not responsible xx ruthless is the most comfortable.
Therefore, "Yu let swallow charcoal" and "soldiers die for confidants" can be passed down as beautiful talk in ancient times, because "the subject is loyal to the king, and the king is a courtesy" is a very rare thing. Taking this "death of a soldier as a confidant" a step down, that is, the connotation of Zhang Yi's Gongsun Yan's behavior at that time was "a soldier is busy for the self-interested", naturally there is no love or unpatriotic thing, everyone is loving their own home.
So when he came to Mencius, he found this ideal unattainable and became more stringent.
He said, "The king regards his subjects as brothers and sisters, and his subjects regard the king as his heart; If the king regards his subjects as dogs and horses, he regards the king as a countryman; The king regards his subjects as earth mustard, and his subjects regard the king as enemies. A more direct statement is that "no one offends me, I do not offend, and if he offends me, I will offend."
However, this is terrible, no monarch will accept this statement, he himself should be a good monarch, of course, do not want to be so trembling and trembling by others as a vendetta, "the subject is loyal to the king, the king is not courteous" is the right reason!
This is not something I arbitrarily delusional, and we will understand it when we look at one of the things that Emperor Jingdi of Han jingdi did.
Huang Shengyue: "Tang Wu is not ordered, but also a killer." Yuangu Sheng said, "Not really." The heart of the world belongs to Tang Wu, Tang Wu and the heart of the world are cursed, the people of Tang Wu do not return to Tang Wu for it, Tang Wu has no choice but to stand, why not be ordained? Huang Sheng said: "Although the crown is ours, it will be added to the first; although it is new, it will be related to the foot." What, the distinction between up and down. Although he has lost his way, he is also a king; although Tang Wu is holy, his subordinates are also subordinates. If the husband and the lord have misdeeds, the subordinates cannot justifiably speak and honor the Son of Heaven, but instead curse them because of their excesses, and they will stand on the south side of the country. Yuangu Sheng said: "If it is the cloud, it is the throne of the High Emperor Qin, that is, the Son of Heaven, is it not evil?" Therefore, Emperor Jing said: "Eating meat and not eating horse liver, not for not knowing the taste; the scholar of speech is ordered by Tang Wu without words, and is not foolish." That's it. It was the later scholar Mo Dangming who was ordered to release the killer.
Yuan Gusheng and Huang Sheng discussed the topic of the Tangwu Revolution
Huang Sheng: Shang Tang is a merchant bandit, and it is not right to get the country
Yuangusheng: Oh no, tang wu is the world that launched the people's war, how can it be said that the country is not right, it should be said that it is very great and just right.
Huang Sheng: The hat is worn on the head again, and the shoes are worn on the feet again. You know what I mean? The Son of Heaven is that hat?
Yuangusheng: According to what you said, Emperor Han Gao is a Han bandit.
Confucian Sheng is so recognized death, this sentence is a sending proposition, Huang Sheng did not dare to say it again, and the Han Jing Emperor also listened to his face turned green. For him, the Tangwu Revolution was an insoluble problem, and it was justified to admit that his descendants had been revolutionized, and to not recognize Gaozu Liu Bang would become a Han bandit. This is really difficult, it is better to play tai chi, saying that learned people do not talk about the Tangwu Revolution can not be said to be stupid.
Since then, no one has dared to talk about the Tangwu Revolution.
This story tells us a truth, as the supreme ruler, he always thinks that he can do anything, and what others do is not in line with his own will, that is, he is rebellious!
The monarch of mencius also encountered this problem, of course, he could only smile sloppily, "you are old and wise", if you follow this path of Confucianism, the world rebuilt after the "collapse of the liturgy" has become "the people are precious, the society is secondary, the king is light", to serve the people, the monarch has become a two or five boys who work, "Li Le conquest from the people out of the people" but all the monarchs with good brains will not do so, so this kind of original Confucianism is not seen, but it is certainly not welcomed.
In addition to the confucian ideal school, there was also a realistic school at that time, that is, the Fa, and the Fa family hated the most, which was the set of the following Ke Shang, who emphasized the three fists of the Fa family of "heavy law, heavy power, and heavy technique". Just look at the three punches, one punch you kneel on the ground to look up is the potential, one punch of the dizzy turn is the technique, one punch of your rules and regulations is the law. The package of three sets of combined punches caused a result, a hole was made, and the Son of Heaven was the great sun, and everyone revolved around him. This is the method of rectification from the top down after the "collapse of the libido". This method worked, and it was pleasing to the master, and that was it!
Through this method, a centralized state was established, and the son of heaven who presided over this country was full of being beaten into wei guangzheng the sun god is the monarchical god, and the sun god is not wrong, referring to the story of the Han Jing Emperor, as well as the incident of book burning and text prison, that is, there are mistakes and no one dares to say!
"Thunder and rain are all grace" "The monarch is your father" Everything he does is for the good of his own people's sons, and an authoritarian king becomes a reverse "serve the people".
When the concept of "serving the people" in reverse spreads, foolish loyalty also appears. Because the original saying that "the subject is loyal to the king, and the king is loyal to the king" has become, "the subject is loyal, and the king is the courtesy no matter what" This is foolish loyalty!