Chinese the most familiar Xiongnu Shan Yu is probably the Hu Han Evil Shan Yu, and its popularity is higher than the famous Mao Dun Shan Yu. The reason why he is so famous is not because of how big his territory is, how strong his army is, or how many cattle and sheep he has, but because he has done two things that have a profound impact on Chinese history:
First, in the midst of the predicament, he accepted the help of the Han Dynasty and defected to the Han Dynasty, so that the rulers of the central government felt what a great country was, and reached the point where the saint said, "If the distant people do not obey, then they will cultivate Wende." If it comes, it will be safe" realm.
Second, during his friendly visit to Chang'an, Hu Han Xiandan regarded Wang Zhaojun (王嫱), the most beautiful, temperamental, and most representative of the elegant style of ancient women in the Han Empire, as a fu clan.
Elder Dong Biwu, the elder of new China, once gave a poem of seven unique poems, praising the outstanding contributions made by Hu Han And Wang Zhaoqun and his wife to quelling the war and promoting national friendship:
Zhaojun has his own thousand autumns, Hu Han and his relatives see Gao.
The lyricists each express their chests, and the dance text is always futile.
Zhaojun Tomb on the outskirts of Hohhot
The northern part of the eastern and western Han dynasties faced a powerful Xiongnu, the border troubles were very serious, and years of war had left countless Hu and Han people buried in the war, although there was no lack of occasional peace, but the war had always been the main theme. Folklore has it that Wang Zhaojun was reluctant to go to the Xiongnu and his relatives, and when he walked to the Dahei River on the outskirts of the Xiongnu King's court in present-day Hohhot, he jumped into the tributary of the Yellow River... This is of course a legend, but it also expresses the people's reluctance to the Xiongnu and their relatives. Over the years, Beacon Fire has achieved many famous generals in hundreds of battles, such as Wei Qing, Huo Fuyi, Zhang Jian, and Li Guang in the Western Han Dynasty, and Dou Gu, Dou Xian, and Ban Chao of the Eastern Han Dynasty, all of whom are first-class warriors of the two Han Dynasties, and have been recorded in history because of their outstanding battlefield performance or war achievements.
Today we are talking about another famous general who fought against the Xiongnu, although his name is not as loud as Wei Qing and Huo Qiyi, he has also made outstanding contributions to maintaining the border stability of the Han Empire, especially his famous saying Chinese almost everyone knows: Those who commit crimes against the strong Han will be punished from afar!
This famous saying, like Huo's "Xiongnu are immortal, there is no home", played the strongest sound of the Western Han Dynasty against the Xiongnu.
The person who said this was Chen Tang.
However, when it comes to Chen Tang, we have to start with Hu Han Evil Shan Yu.
Wang Zhaojun and Hu Han evil shan in the film and television image
After hu Hanxian surrendered to the Han Dynasty, he snatched one vote after another from the rich and powerful Central Plains Dynasty, and saw that the fallen monarch of the country who had rebelled from the end of the road became strong and rich because he received the help of the Han Dynasty. All this made Hu Han's evil brother and political enemy Zhi Zhi Shan Yu hate his teeth, not long ago, his brother was still a defeated general under his own, all this should have been his own. The great Xiongnu, who originally crisscrossed the steppe, were now divided into two parts, and his younger brother Hu Han became the head of the Southern Xiongnu, and led the defeated Northern Xiongnu himself to wander in the homeland, precarious, although once powerful, but after all, it was isolated and helpless! Even after killing Gu Ji, the ambassador of peace of the Han Dynasty, in a fit of rage, he had to migrate west to surrender to KangjuGuo, all of which was the fault of Hu Han's evil shan Yu!
It seems that this Zhi Shan Yu's mind is indeed not as good as his brother's, he can't beat the Han Dynasty, and he dares to kill the emissaries of the family, kill the emissaries of the people, and dare not carry it head-on, so he can only run away in ashes. This run is tens of thousands of miles, from North Asia all the way to Central Asia.
The brainless Zhi Zhiyu scolded and grinned all the way, and took the remnants of his people to KangjuGuo.
Zhi Zhidan Yu
Kangju was once a major country in Central Asia, located in the area between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, between Lake Balkhash and the Aral Sea, and is said to be the famous Masaghtai in world history, once extremely powerful, which once made the great ancient Greek Alexander the Great fruitless, once made the king of kings Darius break the sand, and even cut off the head of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Empire... But at this time, the glory of Kang Juguo had dimmed, and they asked Zhi Zhidan to come to rescue the soldiers, and they encountered trouble, and the Eastern Wusun Kingdom was tall and tall, and often bullied Kang Juguo.
As the first Great Danyu of the Northern Xiongnu, Comrade Zhizhi led his athletes all the way to eat and sleep in the wind, brave the rain and snow for thousands of miles, and finally came to the Kangju Kingdom and met the King of Kangju, who was even more heartless than himself. Looking back, there were only three thousand people left in the fifty thousand Xiongnu army. In exchange for the lives of 47,000 enemies in the body of one person, it is worth it! Enough ben! If Gu Jiquan is famous, he will surely be proud of himself.
In short, after the victory of the two living treasures of Zhi Zhidan and King Kangju, they were very happy, one was short of cattle and sheep and lacked territory, and the Kangju people offered it; the other was lacking in combat strength, and the Xiongnu gave it out; there was a feeling that someone handed a pillow just wanted to sleep. In order to show the sincerity of cooperation, King Kangju married his daughter to Zhi Zhidan Yu, who came from afar, and Zhi Zhidan Yu also married his daughter to King Kangju in accordance with the principle of mutual communication, and the two sides were comrades in each other and each other as weng sons-in-law, and the fighting friendship was very strong.
Schematic map of the location of Kangjuguo
Zhi Zhidan did not want to eat and drink white and want the daughter of the white family, and decided to show his hand to the Kangju people, after all, we still have the blood of the horseback nation, and my men, after all, are still steppe knights who come and go like the wind, and are natural warriors! I can't afford to provoke the mighty Han Dynasty and the traitor brother Hu Han Evil Shan Yu, and I can't afford you a small Wusun kingdom? Hit the fuck!
Still a strong Xiongnu army grabbed the Wusun kingdom and beat it fat, Zhi Zhidan was bigger than the horse, the Xiongnu had made the entire Eurasian continent tremble for it, the small Wusun kingdom was nothing but enough to plug the teeth, yesterday was still bullying the Border of the Kangju Kingdom by the Xiongnu people to enter and exit at will, entering the city and looting when they went out, and the Wusun kingdom sold smoke and rolled, and there was a great deal of mourning. Watching Wusun Guo's nose and face swollen from being beaten, King Kangju smiled: "Sample, fight with me!" Minute ko you.
King Kangju couldn't laugh out laughing, because he found himself the object of Zhi Zhidan's KO as well.
The savage and aggressive Zhi Shan Yu did not take king Kangju in his eyes at all, and when he raised his hand, he beat him and scolded with his mouth open, which was more casual than in his own home, and completely regarded the Kangju people as slaves. King Kangju was also the lord of a great power, naturally he had his honor and pride, and now he was so humiliated by a bunch of barbarians, how could he bear it, he decided to find Zhi Zhidan in theory: "We are all kings, equal status, you do this to me, how can I swallow this breath?" ”
Zhi Shan Yu asked him, "How can you swallow your breath?" ”
King Kangju was furious: "You can't do this to me, I'm your father-in-law!" ”
Zhi Shan Yu played what little humor he had, turned around and pulled his empress (Fu Shi) and the daughter of King Kangju over, slashed it with a knife, and said to King Kangju, "Not now." ”
King Kangju was so angry that a mouthful of blood spewed out, and Kangju Guoqun was indignant, too much to take us Kangju people seriously! They took to the streets to protest the atrocities of the Huns!
Zhi Shan Yu smiled: "Not convinced? I have the means to cure all kinds of disobedience. "He ordered that all those who did not speak ill of Kangju be arrested, whether you were a prince or a nobleman or a commoner, and thrown into the river to feed Wang Ba.
The Kangju people were frightened, silent, and did not dare to say a word more. Zhi Shan, who won the initial battle, decided to continue to work hard and continue to give the Kangju people a color. He felt that the Kangju people dared to gather the crowd to talk about the Xiongnu people's non-existence, they were purely full of food and support, and they needed to be digested and digested with physical labor: you give Lao Tzu to build the city wall.
Hun warriors
Zhi Zhidan did not build the city wall to be the first emperor of Qin, he was tired of the nomadic life of wandering around the east and west, and did not want to live by water and grass anymore, but hoped to settle down. And to settle down, there needs to be a city, just when the Kangju people are idle, let them build a city.
Soon, the city was built, extremely spectacular, extremely strong, extremely practical, standing on the banks of the Durai River, historically known as Shan Yu Cheng or Zhi Zhi Cheng. The price is the blood, sweat and tears of millions of Kangju people.
Since then, the Northern Xiongnu, who were originally at the end of the road, have rebuilt the glory of the steppe peoples in Central Asia, listed on the backdoor, occupied the magpie's nest, and once became incomparably strong, and the fierce strategy made the Central Asian countries feel frightened and scrambled to pay tribute, and a powerful colonial country was born in Central Asia.
The re-strengthening of Zhi Zhidanyu was a threat to the Silk Road and The Hexi Corridor of the Han Empire. But the Han Dynasty endured, saying, "All you need to do is return to us the body of the slain ambassador of peace, Gu Ji." ”
Zhi Zhidan sneered, "Okay, no problem." We are located in the country of Kangju, remote and isolated, and we are preparing to submit to the Great Han, and we are going to send our son as a hostage to serve him at the side of the Emperor of the Great Han! Not only did he refuse to return Gu Ji's body, but he also beat the Han envoys repeatedly.
Today's Xiongnu control millions of strings and territory, and they are no longer the zhi zhidan who was the wolf who ran and rushed. The Great Han Empire heard the sound of Zhi Shan Yu,The wolf's ambition will not be stopped, and the evil wolf will always eat people.
At this critical moment, Chen Tang stood up.
Chen Tang's artistic image
When Chen Tang was a child, his family was very poor, and he lived a life of eating and eating without eating, and his basic living state can be described as "beggar plus second-rate son". But poverty did not knock down the powerful Chen Tang, and his persistence, persistence, toughness and skill gradually became known. However, this guy's character is seriously flawed, in order to seek an official position in Chang'an, he did not go home to see his father after his death.
When Zhi Zhidan committed the crime, Chen Tang was serving as the deputy lieutenant of the Western Regions Capital Protectorate, and his boss was Gan Yanshou— the name Yanshou was particularly popular in the Han Dynasty, and when reading through the history of the Western Han Dynasty, countless people named "Yanshou" would jump out.
Chen Tang said to Gan Yanshou: "Zhi Zhidan is far away in the western region, there is no city to defend, no crossbow to defend, no soldiers to use, we mobilize a large army, unite with Wusun, we can defeat them in one fell swoop, so that they can not defend, there is no escape, this is a good time to attack the Xiongnu, but also a great opportunity for us to make meritorious achievements." ”
Gan Yanshou said, "Yes! I immediately asked the imperial court to send troops. ”
Chen Tang objected: "The meat eaters in the imperial court are all wine bags and rice bags, and if they are discussed, there will be no result." In order to promote the western expedition, he falsely preached the holy will, mobilized various armies and allied troops, and launched a large expedition to the west.
The Xiongnu army that frightened the countries of the Western Regions
Gan Yanshou could not oppose it, but had to resign himself to it. The two divided the Western Expedition army into two routes, attacking from north to south, pointing directly at the Dulai River, and meeting the division at the city of YuZhi. The Han army surrounded Shan Yucheng and launched a crossbow fire with the Xiongnu soldiers guarding the city, and the two sides participating in the confrontation were the expeditionary army of the Han Empire and the Xiongnu archery team led by Zhi Zhidan Yu and his wife and concubine.
The broken ZhiDan fled back to his palace. The next day, Chen Tang ordered the Han army to attack and defend the city, the nomadic Xiongnu were far from being the opponents of the han people of the farming nation, and zhizhidan had only been built for a few days! The city was besieged on the same day, and the two sides fought in the city, and the Huns who had lost their horses were completely lambs to be slaughtered in the city, and they had no ability to resist. The Xiongnu were quickly wiped out, and the great New Xiongnu state of Da Dan Yu, the brother of Hu Han Evil Dan Yu, and Wang Zhaojun's great uncle Zhi Zhi Shan Yu were also stabbed to death by the Han army.
In this way, the new Xiongnu kingdom that had been running rampant in the western region for several years and had once called for wind and rain was destroyed in one fell swoop, and the western region was at peace from then on, and the Silk Road was once again unimpeded. Gan Yanshou and Chen Tang's large army triumphed over the class division, and the two generals immediately made great achievements for the Han Empire.
Schematic map of the Silk Roads
After Pingding Zhidan, Gan Yanshou and Chen Tang reported to the imperial court to report on the situation of the western expedition, please note that they were only reported to the imperial court after the end of the western expedition, and did not ask for instructions in advance. Shangshu is very simple, only less than two hundred words, let's copy the full text as follows, in view of the fact that the article is easy to understand, I will not translate:
When the subject hears of the great righteousness of the world, when it is mixed into one, there were Tang and Yu in the past, and now there are strong men. The Xiongnu called Han evil Shan Yu already called Beiqi, but Zhi Zhidan rebelled, did not ambush Qigu, and the west of Bactria thought that the strong han could not be subjected. Zhi Zhidan was cruel to the people, and great evil was passed down to heaven. Chen Yanshou, Chen Tang will be a righteous soldier, xing tian jie, lai his majesty's deity, yin and yang, shrewd weather, trap Chen Ke enemies, behead the head of the Zhi branch and below the famous king. Yixian Touqi Street barbarian mansion, to show that those who commit crimes against strong men will be punished from afar.
It was in this shangshu that Chen Tang uttered the most powerful, iron-blooded, domineering, and eloquent famous saying in Chinese history: "Those who commit crimes against strong men will be punished from afar!"
Those who commit crimes against the strong will be punished from afar!
After Chen Tang, who had made great contributions, returned to China, it was not very smooth. His misdeeds of filial piety, greed for money, and the misdeeds of stealing booty from war and the false transmission of holy wills were seized by the civilian officials and repeatedly rumored in front of the emperor, and at the forefront of the attack on Chen Tang's army was Xiang Xiang Kuangheng, yes, the chiseled wall that left a good example of hard study for generations of children.
Chen Tang, who was not in a good mood, had ups and downs in the official field of the Han Empire, and finally ended up being dismissed from his post as a shuren, moving to Dunhuang, and staying in the vast hanhai desert in the northwest for several years, until before his death, he was particularly kind to the emperor Lao'er and allowed to return to Chang'an to live. Soon, this national hero who was famous for his history died in loneliness and loneliness, and this time was already the end of the Western Han Dynasty.
After Wang Mang came to power, he ordered Chen Tang to be rehabilitated, affirmed his contribution to the country, and posthumously honored him as the Marquis of Broken Hu, known as "Zhuang".