In the poem "The Seven Laws of the Long March", the chairman has a verse that reads, "Umeng's mighty mud pill", where is the Umon mentioned in that sentence? Which Red Army unit arrived here on the Long March? Now let's take a look at the Umong of "Human Geography in the Chairman's Poems."
Wumeng is the abbreviation of Wumeng Mountain, which is located in the northwest of guizhou plateau and the northern part of the eastern Yunnan plateau, the mountain system is northeast-southwest trending, and it is one of the main mountain ranges on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China. The highest peak of Wumeng Mountain is located in the southern part of Huize County in Yunnan, called ShiyanJian, with an altitude of 3806 meters, and the highest peak of Wumeng in Yunnan is located in Hezhang County, Bijie City, Guizhou, called Leek Ping, with an altitude of 2900 meters.
The Wumeng Mountain area is a vast area that includes Liupanshui City in Guizhou Province, Bijie City in Guizhou Province, Qujing City in Yunnan Province, and Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province.
As early as the Tang Dynasty, a group of "Wu barbarian" tribes lived in the Wumeng Mountains, and by the eleventh century, it gradually became powerful and became known as the "Wumeng Tribe". The Song Dynasty named the leader of this tribe "King Umeng". Since then, successive feudal dynasties have set up "Wumeng Road" and "Wumeng Military and Civilian Houses" in the place where the King of Wumeng in Yunnan is located. Mount Umun also got its name from this, and it is still used today.
At that time, two detachments of the Red Army passed through the Umong Mountains, one was the First Front Led by the Chairman, the Red Army crossed the Umong Mountains in April 1935, and the other was the Second and Sixth Armies led by He Long.
In February 1936, He Long led the Red 26th Army to the Umong Mountains, where he spent more than a month with the enemy troops of 10 divisions. In the middle of the Umun Mountains, the weather is cold, there is a shortage of food, the enemy's encirclement is getting tighter and tighter, and the area where it can maneuver is getting smaller and smaller. The Red Second and Sixth Armies were in the most difficult situation since they left the Xiang'echuanqian base area.
At the critical juncture when he was threatened on all sides, He Long gathered the cadres of the two regiments and divisions and issued the order to secretly break through. It was decided to break through the gap between the two columns of the Kuomintang Guo Rudong and Fan Songfu, and at the same time demanded that the troops must be very concealed in their actions, that they should not set fire, that they should not make noises, that they should wrap their hooves in horseshoes, and that they should not make sounds; that they should pass through the cracks between the enemy in the early hours of the morning, and that even if they were discovered by a small group of enemies, they were not allowed to shoot, they were not allowed to pick up and annihilate small groups of enemies, and they were not allowed to get rid of the enemy very quickly.
At the end of March 1936, the Red Second and Sixth Armies entered and occupied the southwest pan county of Qianxi and the area of Yizikong. At this point, the Red 2nd and Red 6th Armies spent nearly a month in Wumeng Mountain, breaking the plan of the Kuomintang army to encircle and annihilate them, and continuing the process of the Red Army's Long March.
Mount Umun is now a desirable scenic spot, the National Geopark.
Further reading:
The "Five Ridges" in "Five Ridges and Gentle Waves" refers to which five ridges?