In 281 BC, Bai Qi led the Qin army to attack Daliang, and was surrounded by the combined Wei, Zhao, and Yan armies. Bai Qi led his troops to make surprise attacks many times, but they were unable to break through the encirclement, and the Qin army suffered heavy losses. Later, the King of Qin sent emissaries to make concessions to the Zhao and Yan states, and Bai Qi was able to return to the Qin state. In the Battle of Da Liang, Bai Qi lost the battle, which was a rare defeat for him.
Bai Qi, one of the "Four Famous Generals" of the Warring States, was crowned Wu Anjun and ranked first in the left column of the "Ten Zhe" of the Wu Temple, much stronger than Han Xin. The combat effectiveness of the white qi naturally does not need to be said. Liang Qichao has studied the history of the Warring States, and during the Warring States period, battles were frequent, with more than three million soldiers killed and more than one million killed at the hands of Bai Qi.
The Battle of Yique, the Battle of Yanyin, the Battle of Huayang, the Battle of Jingcheng, and the Battle of Changping were all enough to make Bai Qi proud of the famous generals of the Warring States. So, does Bai Qi have a record of defeat? Without a victorious general, Bai Qi will also suffer defeat, the Battle of Chenshi, the Battle of Da Liang, Bai Qi belongs to the defeated side.
Chenshi, located in Lüliang City, Shanxi, was a strategic location for the Zhao State, and Bai Qi did fail. In 282 BC, Bai Qi led an army of 100,000 people on an eastern expedition and launched an attack along the Great Wall, which was invincible. At this time, Bai Qi's combat target was Jinyang, that is, the city of Taiyuan. Although it was said that the stone was captured, the Qin army suffered heavy losses. Next, Bai Qi attacked the stone, encountered defeat, and was forced to return. Shi Zai: "The soldier wounded The stone was defeated by Yang Ma. ”
Setbacks in the departure from the stone and the stone can also be regarded as a failure, after all, the strategic goal has not been achieved. Of course, it cannot be said that baiqi was defeated, but the attack was frustrated and the troops had no choice but to withdraw. The reason why Bai Qi was defeated was very simple, the Zhao army was firm in the wall and cleared the wilderness, strictly guarded against death, and did not fight with Bai Qi in the wild.
Attacking the State of Zhao, Bai Qi can only be said to have suffered setbacks, while attacking the capital of the State of Wei, Daliang, that is, the city of Kaifeng, was a setback. Historian Mr. Yang Kuan's book "History of the Warring States" believes that in the Battle of Daliang in 281 BC, the Qin army was surrounded under the forest, and the commander was Bai Qi. Later, King Zhaoxiang of Qin sent emissaries to make appropriate concessions to the Zhao and Yan states, and Bai Qi was able to break through.
Sima Qian's "Records of History" records: "Qin took Wei Ancheng, to Daliang, Yan and Zhao saved it, and the Qin army went." Wei Ran was exempt from the phase. "It was proved that the Qin army was indeed defeated, the Yan army and the Zhao army launched an attack, and the Qin army broke the siege." According to the "Warring States Policy", "the soldiers were trapped in the forest, heavy Yan and Zhao, jiaodong entrusted to Yan, and Jixi to Zhao", it can be seen that the Qin state made concessions.
Mr. Yang Kuan has a deep study of the history of the pre-Qin and warring states, he studied the historical data, reasoned according to the facts, and believed that the commander of the Battle of Da Liang was Bai Qi, and this time he was defeated. Today, bai qi is the god of war, invincible and invincible, how could he be defeated? In fact, it was normal for Bai Qi to be defeated, and no matter who commanded the Battle of Da liang, it would be difficult for the Qin army to win.
Da Liang, the capital of the State of Wei, was heavily defended. The State of Qin chose to attack Daliang, not to destroy the State of Wei, but to force the State of Wei to cede the land of Hexi as a fief of Wei Ran. Wei Ran, the uncle of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, was also a famous general Bai Qi's "Bo Le", and without Wei Ran's support, Bai Qi would be difficult to stand out.
The Qin state attacking Da liang was also Wei Ran's idea. In 282 BC, Bai Qi led an army to attack the State of Zhao, with the purpose of attracting the attention of the State of Zhao, holding the Zhao army in Shanxi, and then raiding Daliang, which caught the Zhao army and the Yan army by surprise and made it difficult to rescue the State of Wei.
Bai attacked Shanxi, and the Zhao army did not go out of the city to fight a decisive battle, but relied on the strong city defense to fight a protracted war and a war of attrition with the Qin army. After several battles, the Qin army captured some cities, but suffered heavy losses, and the momentum of the attack was blocked. To this end, Bai Qi added a fortification in the area of Chenshi, creating the illusion of continuing the confrontation, and then led his troops back to the Qin state.
After returning from Shanxi, King Zhaoxiang of Qin continued to mobilize troops, and Bai Qi led his troops from Hangu Pass to directly kill Daliang, the capital of the State of Wei. At this time, King Wei Zhao, who was in power, saw the defeat of the Qin army in Shanxi, and also adopted a sticking strategy to fight a war of attrition with the Qin army. Bai Qi attacked continuously, hoping to force the State of Wei to seek peace before the Reinforcements of the Zhao army and the Yan army.
What Bai Qi did not expect was that the Zhao Army and the Yan Army were moving too fast, and before the Qin Army was ready to block the reinforcements, the Zhao Army and the Yan Army killed at the same time, with a total of 170,000 soldiers and horses, and the momentum was huge. When the coalition forces arrived, King Wei Zhao was full of confidence, and Bai Qi fell into passivity.
The Qin army failed in the siege, and Bai Qi led his army to retreat to Linxia, which was the place where the King of Wei often hunted, on the outskirts of Daliang. Bai Qi withdrew his troops, and the Wei, Yan, and Zhao armies surrounded them, and they built fortifications, dug trenches, and built fences, without giving the Qin army a chance to break through. In this way, the battle fell into a stalemate situation, Bai Qi could not withstand the attrition, and the Qin army was in a bad situation.
In the field decisive battle, the Wei Army, the Zhao Army, and the Yan Army were not opponents of the Qin Army, but they were well supplied and did not give Bai Qi the opportunity to fight a decisive battle, but fought and consumed. In this way, King Zhaoxiang of Qin, while increasing his troops to rescue, sent emissaries to make concessions to the State of Yan and the State of Zhao, and Bai Qi was able to return to China.
The attack on Da Liang failed, King Zhaoxiang of Qin blamed him, and Wei Ran was removed from his post as chancellor. Bai Qi was unaffected, and soon led his troops to attack the State of Chu, capturing several cities north of Shangyong and Hanshui. However, in the Battle of The Great Beam, Bai Qi was indeed frustrated. Mr. Yang Kuan believes that the commander of the Qin army who attacked Da Liang is Bai Qi, after all, he is Wei Ran's "Thousand Mile Horse", in addition to Bai Qi, who can still be qualified to be the commander to fight Da Liang.
Bai Qi is good at sports warfare, big detours, and position warfare, and offensive battles are not good at it. In 260 BC, in the Battle of Changping, 450,000 elite Zhao troops were destroyed, and the Qin army also lost more than 200,000. In 257 BC, 300,000 Qin troops attacked Handan and suffered repeated setbacks. King Zhaoxiang of Qin repeatedly requested Bai Qi to be a commander and command the Qin army to attack Handan, but Bai Qi refused to go out on the grounds that he was unwell. The reason for this should be that the lessons of the Battle of Da Liang are too deep, and the battle to tackle tough battles is not easy to fight.
Bibliography: History of the Warring States