The wind of shang jade, together with the ancient times, was the same in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the respect for jade was more above the gold. The pursuit of fashion and the social trend of paying attention to taste have made jade a cherished object of the emperor and the general and the scholar Fujia.
Southern Song Dynasty Qingbai Jade Lotus Bract Bottle Zhejiang Quzhou Southern Song Xianchun Decade (1274) Shi Shengzu Tomb Excavated Quzhou Museum Collection
After thousands of years of development, the jade of the Southern Song Dynasty went secularized. The Southern Song Dynasty developed economically, the city prospered, commerce and trade developed, and handicraft industry flourished. The consumer demand of the emerging citizen class is constantly increasing, and there are many private jade milling workshops and shops that buy and sell jade. According to the "Records of the Prosperity of the Old Man in the West Lake", there is a "Seven Treasure Society" in Lin'an, which operates jade belts, jade bowls, jade vases, jade belts, jade persuasion plates, jade jade zhizhi, jade rings and other jade utensils, mostly practical utensils such as clothing, wine utensils, and flower utensils used in people's daily lives.
Surrounded by tigers, nostalgic for retro
With the large number of northern craftsmen going south and the introduction of production technology, the handicraft industry in the Southern Song Dynasty ushered in a new situation in which the skills of the north and the south collided and integrated and innovated. Jade production is no exception, with distinct characteristics of the times in terms of shape, theme and ornamentation.
On the one hand, the southern Song Dynasty jade is based on the natural realistic style of bionic ware, flowers and birds, but the exquisite portrait, romantic and naïve, the layout design is also influenced by the Song Dynasty flower and bird painting; but on the other hand, under the influence of the restoration of the liturgical music system, guided by the academic interest of the scholar's golden stone science, the jade work shows retro characteristics, many of which have antique instrument shapes such as jade, jade bi, jade belt hook, etc., and the ornamentation is popular with tiger pattern, cloud pattern, grain pattern and so on. Among them, bihuan jade was originally a ceremonial vessel, but during the Southern Song Dynasty, it may have become a relic of retro feelings, and some small utensils may also be ornamented.
Southern Song Dynasty Jade ornaments with tiger patterns, collection of Xinchang Museum
Southern Song Dynasty jade was popular with tiger stripes as ornaments. There are two styles: round and oval. The jade oval ring excavated from the Song Tomb in Jianzhong Village, Jiangning, Nanjing, has a rectangular corner in shape and an oval shape, with one side full of cloud patterns and one side of the light element, surrounded by two carved mantis tigers. Such design elements have appeared on jade pendants excavated from the Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Baoying, Jiangsu, tomb No. 43 in Dingzhou, Hebei (Eastern Han), The Eastern Han Tomb in Luoyang, Henan, the Eastern Han Tomb in Hengyang, Hunan, and the Tomb of Guo Jiashan in Shandong, outside the central gate of Nanjing, which can be regarded as a manifestation of the retro trend of thought in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Southern Song Dynasty Jade Belt Anhui Xiuning Southern Song Dynasty Ministry of Works Attendant Zhu Xiyan couple joint burial tomb excavated Anhui Museum collection
The Southern Song Dynasty belt utensils include jade, gold, silver, gold coated silver, rhinoceros, rhinoceros, and horns, among which the jade belt is of a very high grade, and the pro-noble old can receive the jade belt. There are not many jade belts found in the Southern Song Dynasty in archaeology, and there are two cases of jade belts excavated from the tomb of Zhao Zhongjian in the fourth year (1130) of the Southern Song Dynasty Jianyan in Shangrao, Jiangxi, and the jade belts excavated from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan, a waiter of the Southern Song Dynasty In Xiuning, Anhui.
Warm and delicate things are matched for both men and women
Jade, crystal, agate and other beaded ornaments were excavated from the tombs of men in the Southern Song Dynasty, indicating that they were pendants for men. In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174) in Xinchangding Village, Zhejiang Province, Lu Yuan's tomb unearthed a jade string, a total of 73 round beads, interspersed with 5 pieces of jade fine carvings: turtle lotus leaves, stacked rings, stacked sheng, discs, rectangular pieces. Among them, the turtle lotus leaf is composed of turtle and lotus leaves, the back of the turtle carapace is regular, the lotus leaf stem is clearly arranged, and the carving is exquisite.
Southern Song Dynasty Jade Tomb Excavated from the Joint Tomb of Zhu Xiyan and His Wife, a Waiter of the Southern Song Dynasty In Xiuning, Anhui Province, was excavated from the collection of the Anhui Museum
The tomb of Zhu Xiyan and his wife, a waiter of the Southern Song Dynasty In Xiuning, Anhui Province, unearthed a jade pendant, which was green and white in jade color, and there were yellow Qin and white spots in the part. Flat round body, flat edge, straight mouth, thick neck, short circle foot, slightly outstretched foot. The left and right sides of the neck are eared, decorated with animal heads, and the middle drill hole is the mouth. The front and back sides are edged, and the two sides are decorated with opposite dragon patterns. On the left and right sides of the abdomen are skeletonized small dragons that lie down and look back. The front and back are carved with animal face patterns. Polished and meticulously polished throughout.
Southern Song Dynasty Agate wash
The tomb of Mu Qiyuan, the tomb of the Nanjing general Shan Muying family, was excavated
Jade liang 卣 one piece, jade. Height 6.8 cm. The body is small and large, the whole body is decorated with a dragon pattern, the ears are eared, and a gold chain is tied to the ear to connect the lifting beam. It should be a relic of the Song Dynasty and reward meritorious servants.
Mu Qiyuan (?) –1630), Han Chinese. The eleventh grandson of Mu Ying, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, was a military figure of the Ming Dynasty.
Mu Qiyuan, in the forty years of the Wanli Calendar (1612), served as the chief military officer of the capital governor, and in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), he attacked the dukedom of Qianguo and hung up the seal of the chief military officer to guard Yunnan. Chongzhen died in the third year (1628), and his son Mu Tianbo succeeded him to the dukedom of Qianguo.
In the fifth year (1169) of the Southern Song Dynasty in Xinchang, Zhejiang, the tomb of the Ji family unearthed a carved jade pendant, dripping bead-shaped, with a heart character at the bottom, and a pair of Mandarin ducks swimming in the same direction between the lotus ponds. The lotus pond is full of cigu leaves and lotuses, and a graceful lotus flower blooms at the top, and the gap between the petals can be used for wearing. The whole pattern design is exquisite, in order to pay attention to the pattern of the public number ancient jade insect full of ponds, the carving is delicate and the image is vivid. The jade pendant with the same pattern ornament was also excavated at the construction site of zhejiang normal university new climbing field in Jinhua, Zhejiang.
Southern Song Dynasty Carved Jade Pendant Zhejiang Xinchang Southern Song Dynasty Qiandao Five Years (1169) Ji's Tomb Unearthed In the collection of xinchang museum
The matter of literature and wine is to be entertained by jade
The Song people drank a lot of silverware, and restaurants often entertained guests with sets of silver wine utensils. It is better to drink fine wine with a jade cup that seems to be transparent. Archaeological excavations include the qingyu cup excavated from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan and his wife in Xiuning, Anhui, the huakou jade ear cup excavated from the tomb of Yang Price and his wife in Zunyi, Guizhou, and the most ingenious and unique is the white jade lotus leaf cup excavated from the tomb of Shi Shengzu in the tenth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1274) in Quzhou, Zhejiang.
Southern Song Dynasty White Jade Lotus Leaf Cup Zhejiang Quzhou Southern Song Xianchun Decade (1274) Shi Shengzu Tomb Excavated Quzhou Museum Collection
The overall structure is a large oval lotus leaf supported by a lotus branch stem and a Cigu flower leaf, forming the main body of the container; the lotus branch is curled into a circular handle, supporting a small lotus leaf with a curl above to become a pot. Lotus incense to send wine, taken from the lotus leaf lotus flower made of elephant raw cup cup, can be served during the feast to accompany Qinghuan and Help Yanxi. Elephant raw fancy cups are quite common in the Southern Song Dynasty gold and silver wine cups, and are the first case in jade.
Southern Song Dynasty literary utensils have been unearthed in tombs around the world, in addition to pens, ink, paper, and stones, there are also pen holders, paperweights, water beggars, seals, etc. Among them, jade stationery is an emerging wind.
Southern Song Dynasty "Mo Yuan" White Jade Seal Nanjing Jiangning Jianzhong Village Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing Twenty-five Years (1155) Tomb Nanjing Museum Collection
The green and white jade lotus bract-shaped bottle resembles a lotus flower with buds waiting to be released
White Jade Beast Button Print
Green jade pen holder
Crystal five-fingered mountain pen holder
White jade rabbit shaped paperweight
Southern Song Dynasty Qingyu Rabbit Paperweight
The tomb of Shi Shengzu of the Melon Garden Brigade of Wangjia Commune in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, was excavated
Southern Song Dynasty qingyu lotus bud bottle
Jade Bi Chainer
Southern Song Dynasty · "Qingyu Vegetarian Bowl"
Height 5.8 cm, diameter 10.2 cm, base diameter 4.5 cm, wall thickness 0.17 cm
In 1952, the tomb of Zhu Xiyan and his wife was excavated in Xiuning County, Anhui Province in 1952
Collection of Anhui Provincial Museum
Cyan, localized yellow-brown. It is warm and crystalline, and has a glassy luster. Rounded mouth, rounded lip, open mouth, deep abdomen, flat inlet, circled sole. In the middle of the outsole there are concave rounds, rounded lips, open mouths, deep abdomen, flat insole, and circled soles. There is a concave round umbilicus in the middle of the outsole. The light is texture-free, the shape is elegant, the lines are soft, and the polish is shiny. The cup body is cracked.
An agate cup excavated from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan
The jade belt excavated from zhu Xiyan's tomb The buckle in the middle has the style of the warring states jade
The crystal wall excavated from the tomb of Zhao Bopeng
Jade wall excavated from the tomb of Zhao Bopeng
The deep and shallow inscription on the jade bi records that period of history:
"Emperor Fu of the Tang Dynasty was honored in the Inner Courtyard of the Eastern Capital, xiu jin zhen dojo, set up a chrysanthemum, looked up to Xuan Ze, and xiu zhai shi bi respectfully reported that he had submitted a golden dragon and jade bi to the Xishan Cave Mansion in October of the fourth year of the fourth year."
"The Tang Emperor Li Fu respectfully built the Golden Circle Dojo within the palace confinement of the Imperial Palace in Dongdu (present-day Yangzhou). Shi Ji thanked the heavens for the Great Tang Land, looked up to thank the Heavenly Emperor for his holy grace, and completed all the matters according to the Jai Gong Ke Yi. With the golden dragon and jade bi, I would like to throw it into the cave house of the West Mountain. On a day in October of the fourth year of the ShengYuan Dynasty (940 AD), I pray to you. ”
Li Fu was originally the adopted son of the Southern Wu general Xu Wen, named Xu Zhihuan, and in 937 (the third year of Tianzuo), Li Fu was proclaimed emperor and the state name was Qi. In 939 (the third year of shengyuan), the name of the country was changed to Tang, and the history was called Southern Tang.
This piece of jade bi is an important object in Li Fu's heavenly sacrifice activities in the second year after changing the name of the country to Southern Tang, and this time li fu is to thank the heavens for giving him the land of Southern Tang.
Tomb of Zhao Boxan, the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty