Ming Chengzu Zhu Di (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), the fourth son of Ming Taizu and the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was named Yongle, so posterity called him Yongle Emperor, Yongle Emperor and so on.
During his reign, Ming Chengzu personally invaded Mongolia five times, recovered Annam, and set up nuer gandusi in the northeast, Hamiwei in the northwest, Dagu Thorn, Dimasa, Diwu Thorn, and other propaganda departments in the southwest, and also set up the Guizhou Chengzheng Envoy Department, consolidating the north-south border defense and maintaining the integrity of China's territory; on many occasions, Zheng He was sent to the West, strengthening Sino-foreign friendly exchanges and strengthening the management of the South China Sea; and also ordering people to edit the "Yongle Canon" and dredge the Grand Canal. In order to strengthen control over the northern and northeastern regions, Yongle moved its capital to Beijing in the nineteenth year (1421). During his reign, the Ming Dynasty was economically prosperous and strong, and the martial arts of Wenzhi were greatly improved, and the history is called Yongle Prosperous.
As a military unit, the "fort" was first tried in Ningxia during the Yongle period. This left a string of place names with "forts" on the land of today's Ningxia. This "invention" of Ming Chengzu played an important role in the self-sufficiency of the Ningxia army and the solid edge of Tuntian at that time.
First, the earliest fort
Today, in the face of that high wall made of loess, who can think of the life hiding carried out by the ancestors? But among the place names that remained between the ruins and walls, there were still some knife wounds from the wind and dust of the years, which could be left behind to make people miss them for a long time in the faint pain. The fort, its appearance like a nail, makes people have a kind of resistance similar to "roots" in the face of thieves and aggression, always connecting or gluing to a feeling that people can't say.
Live, because the fort is more concerned.
The earliest fort is called The Dock Wall, a small castle built because of defense, which originated in a residential system that originated in the Han Dynasty, that is, a flat dock, surrounded by walls, opened doors before and after, built a watchtower in the dock, and built a corner tower in four corners, which is slightly like a city system.
At that time, the fort belonged to the patent of the rich.
History of Chinese Architecture (Pan Guxi, China Architecture and Building Press, 2009): "Dock owners are mostly powerful landlords, who use dock walls to strengthen defenses and organize private armed forces. By the time of the Yellow Turban Uprising, the famous dock walls were Xu Chubi, Bai Chaolei (Dock), Heshui Dock, Tanshan Dock, White Horse Dock, Bai (Bai) Valley Dock and so on. ”
With the fort, people can organize their defenses in the face of thieves, and no longer run for their lives like duckweeds in the mountains, in the wind and rain.
Volume 33 of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty records the story of a large family that "built a camp wall according to danger, there were thieves, and they worked hard to resist it", and scholars concluded that the Wubi had appeared as early as the Han Dynasty, and inferred from many historical materials that the distribution range of the Wubi was extremely wide, not limited to the Central Plains or the Han region.
Book of Wei, vol. 114: "Dunhuang is connected to the Western Regions, the Taoist customs are handed over to its old style, the villages belong to each other, and there are many temples and pagodas"; the Book of Jin, vol. 100: "The rebellion of Yongjia, the exile of the people, the place where tunju is"... In the years of war, those forts were like trees that watched over each other but were lonely, greeting the wind and rain in the wilderness, and completing their own arias of life.
Xu Sheng, a famous general of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Pi attacked Wu in a big way, and the State of Wu built a wall on the outskirts of Jianye according to Xu Sheng's suggestion, and Cao Pi was forced to retreat. During the Huang Wu period, Xu Sheng died of illness and was praised by Chen Shousheng, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, as "the tiger minister of the river table".
Here is the shadow of the fort.
Xu Song, Xu Sheng's son, was a Former Qin official during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and the former Lord of the Qin State, Jian Jian, admired him very much. When the fort was captured, the enemy cut him in three pieces, and his skull was painted as a bedpan. Book of Jin 115: And the fall of the fortress, Yao Fangcheng insisted on counting, Song Li se said Fang Chengyue: "Ru Yao Cang's sins should be ten thousand deaths, the Lord stops the slashing of the yellow eyebrows and the yuzhi, and the position is inside and outside, the position is the general, the sincerity of the dog and horse is the first is the great rebellion." Ru Cao Qiang generation can not be rational period also! Why don't you kill me quickly, see the emperor early, and take Yao Cang underground. "Fang Cheng is angry, three beheadings, lacquer its head as a toilet.
Another bloody story about the fort.
Forts or dock walls, ancient Chinese defensive buildings with walls. Shi Zai, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to defend against the Xiongnu, a large number of docks were built on the northwest and north border plugs. The dock wall of the border plug is a kind of fortification (sometimes larger than the small barrier) that is smaller than the city and barrier, and is built on the periphery of the pavilion and tunnel. Docks are sometimes divided into inner docks and outer docks, with entrances and exits, portals, and guards. There are houses for soldiers and residents in the dock. There are steps called docks in the pavilion and tunnel. It can be docked and can be lifted.
The words in the history books all reveal the breath of life. More than 2,000 years ago, the beacon that no one knew who lifted it might also illuminate the face and warm the heart of one of us on a sad and sentimental night more than 2,000 years later.
I have never had the experience of being strong in the place, but at this moment I feel as if I am walking in the "zhuangyuan" they built 2,000 years ago, surrounded by high walls, with gate towers on the doors and corner towers in the four corners; gate towers, corner towers and towers, and even the high walls have boring holes or perforations. The gate is guarded by guards. Inside the dock is the residence of the owner of the dock, the residence of the guards and the slave servant band, as well as the warehouse and handicraft workshop.
I just want to gently call the guard or slave, to summon a relationship that I have not experienced in my previous life.
II. The Emperor's Invention
In Volume 33 of the Records of Ming Taizu, it is said that in August of the second year of Yongle, Ming Chengzu ordered He Fu, the commander-in-chief of Ningxia: "Ningxia Duotun House, the prisoners are afraid that each tun will be plundered first, so you can choose a tun with water and grass in the four or five tuns, surrounded by dredging, five feet wide, and half wide; build an earthen city about two feet high, open eight gates to facilitate entry and exit, and the four or five tuns around the four or five tuns are full of heavy grain and grass." If there is no policeman, they will live in Bentun to cultivate and graze, and if there is a policeman, they will drive cattle and sheep from the eight gates into the tucheng city to hold on to it, waiting for reinforcements, and then Kou will not plunder. ”
A tun of about 100 households is an organizational unit of the Tun Army. The meaning of this passage is very clear, in such a territory of four or five hundred households, find a place with water and grass, build a tucheng (fort), put the grain and grass in the fort, there is no problem for everyone to have all kinds of land, each to put their own sheep, once there is a problem, everyone will be concentrated in the fort, waiting for reinforcements, so that thieves can not grab things. This is actually a policy of clearing the field.
Subsequently, Ming Chengzu sent court officials to inspect the implementation of this policy, emphasizing that "every small tun five or seven, or four or five, choose a large fort nearby, ring the earthen city, seven or eight feet high or one or two zhang, the city eight gates; surrounded by trenches, wide one or four or five feet, deep and wide, etc., gather each tun grain blade inside." Its small tuns were drawn with grain every day, and when there were policemen, people and livestock entered the fort and held on to them. ”
This "standardized" architecture made the "fort" as a military unit above the "tun", leaving a string of place names with "fort" on the land of today's Ningxia, which became a heritage of local culture. Although most of them do not exist at the moment, who can deny that the high walls made of mud once stood warmly in the lives of people living in this land?
Soil, which provides nutrition to people but is always underfoot, has been elevated to a strategic height.
The sword and light sword shadow is gone, but life is still an inescapable reality, in the casual review of history, those fortresses that exist or do not exist can still be used by us as a station in life.
In the Chinese dictionary, "fort" and "shop" are a place where people can take a nap. Thirty miles of Mingsha and forty miles of water, twenty miles of horse shops may have a sister standing by the door. It is the warmth of memory, the warmth of the earth, and the feelings we have come through along the way.
Piles of loess, mixed with how much history, how many people, you came, I went, left a warm breath there?
Zhenbei Fort, 35 kilometers away from Yinchuan City, an ancient castle along the highway commonly known as "Old Fort", was founded in the Ming Dynasty during the Hongzhi period, was an ancient military fortress barracks, in the third year of the Qianlong Qing Dynasty (1738) was destroyed by an earthquake, 500 years ago.
Legend has it that when general Han Yu, a general of the Ming Dynasty, was preparing to build a castle in the area of Helan Mountain, he asked the so-called "Mr. Feng Shui" to see the "feng shui" here, and Mr. Feng Shui walked around, saying that this place was in the middle of the Helan Mountain Range, there was a "lying dragon with pearls", and there was a "dragon vein" extended down, predicting that in the future, "the emperor will be born".
Therefore, Han Yu decided to build the castle here, which became the current Zhenbei Fort. In the past and the present, the emperors and generals here have never appeared, but the film and television works and stars and famous directors that have sensationalized the world film industry have produced a lot.
In the Qing Dynasty, in order to defend against the intrusion of foreign tribes, people built an earthen castle slightly larger than the "Old Fort" less than 200 meters next to the destroyed "Old Fort", which is the so-called "New Fort", which was completed about two years after the old fort was destroyed, that is, the fifth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1740), which has a history of more than 290 years.
This kind of ancient castle, commonly known as "Tuweizi" in Ningxia, is a unique "covered earth building" in northwest China. Ancient people also paid attention to local conditions, local materials, castle walls did not have a single brick and stone, completely rammed with loess. After hundreds of years of rain, snow, wind and frost and man-made destruction, by the 1950s and 1960s, the majesty of the border fortress had disappeared.
Existence or non-existence is history, and for history, the benevolent see the benevolent and the wise see the wise.
In 1961, Zhang Xianliang, who worked at a nearby Nanliang farm, found that it had a decaying and undefeated majesty and a tenacious vitality from the depths of the yellow land. By the 1980s, after his rehabilitation, he first wrote Zhenbei Fort into his novel "Green Tree", called "Zhennan Fort" in the book, and introduced it to the film and television industry, the movie "Wrangler", "Red Sorghum", "Yellow River Ballad" was filmed during this period and won international awards, this magical land is the famous writer Zhang Xianliang and colleagues founded the "Western Film and Television City", "China's Must", the base of the Zhenbei fort Western Cinema.
Third, there is a man out of the fort
History was "felt" in the fort, and Ningxia and even the west became a kind of height. At this height, Ningxia and even the west have their own mountains, plains and hills, so Ningxia and even the west have become a kind of breadth in height, allowing people to express her breadth with a big heart and a bold handwriting from the perspective of having to look up to see.
At this time, Ningxia and even the west also had human geography or geography and humanities, and no matter what it was, it was colorful, mysterious, majestic, and dangerous... Everything is presented, exciting, shouting, following... At this time, it is enough to be strange that a writer like Zhang Xianliang can walk out of the fortress in Ningxia and even the west, because those who understand the west and see through the west are of course qualified to write and show themselves and the west and Ningxia.
Suffering and upward should be a spirit expounded by Mr. Zhang, and recording and presenting should be a mission completed by Mr. Zhang, in the middle, ningxia and even the west cannot be left behind, and what cannot be forgotten is Ningxia and even the west. The fort has made Mr. Zhang, Mr. Zhang made the fort famous, and at the bottom is the soil of Ningxia and even the west, and the spirit that has survived in Ningxia and even the west is standing.
Mr. Zhang once wrote about the situation when he ran out of the prison farm and ran to Lanzhou one year — he said that at that time, he was hungry, and he saw that the bark was eaten along the way, and in a toilet in the Lanzhou car, he pulled bubble. He said that it was crowded with people, not many people going to the toilet, and the circulation was not good, everyone squatted down and could not get up, they didn't get up for half a day, and all the black eggs pulled out were black eggs, and the sound of falling down was very loud. He also said that he met a teenage girl there and "borrowed money" from him, and he thought that this person had borrowed money and rushed straight to it, and after a while, he reacted that the person was hungry and sold his flesh, and a few cents, a few points or half a bun was the solution.
It's hard to survive. And this is just a microcosm, in this microcosm, Mr. Zhang walked dozens of miles just to send a letter to his mother is not worth mentioning. The suffering and tempering of the soil of Ningxia and even the west made Mr. Zhang, who has the genes of southern culture, open the eyes of heaven or the eyes of wisdom here. This is the arrangement of heaven, in ningxia and even the western side of the land that used to be so bitter that even the stomach would shout, it is not easy for the heavens to have such an arrangement, and it is very good for someone like Mr. Zhang to come out for hundreds of years.
Speaking of which, many people are afraid that they will have to talk about literature, Mr. Zhang's literary achievements, a lot of professional literary knowledge or terminology, and we would like to go around this thing, but we can't.
Today, in the face of Mr. Zhang's legacy, the two forts of Zhenbei Fort, we really understand that a writer's experience of writing books is not enough, and we understand more why Mr. Zhang calls his film and television city "three-dimensional works" - this is for those who are writers or not writers, so that they know what Ningxia and even the west, and what form Ningxia and even the west are presented, it is possible to resonate and get profits while attracting people.
Therefore, we believe that a writer is not in how many books he has written, but more about how many people he has attracted when he writes how much money he has made -- we do not have to hate the rich, being watched and being rich is our pursuit - in places like Ningxia and even in the west we have too little shortage of such people, and even more lack of such writers - in fact, since the day we were born, we have appeared in the form of works, the question is whether we have seen it when we put ourselves there; in fact, since the day we were born We all exist as writers, and the question is what we fill in on those blank pages of our own work.
Mr. Zhang was the first writer to exist in the west with three-dimensional works, so he understood what the Book of the Earth and the Children of the Earth were, so before he died, he said that he was waiting for death because he had completed his mission with pure feelings. We can say that he betrayed desolation, but how could we not?
Without flesh and blood, let alone desolation!
The height of a cultural person or the height of a culture is reflected here, and the height of Ningxia and even the west is also reflected here. Mr. Zhang presents Ningxia and even the west with a fort of projectiles, which is a silhouette, but has details that belong to Mr. Zhang. Mr. Zhang, who did not go to the United States or Shanghai, carried a strong trace of Ningxia and even the west in that silhouette and detail.
Mr. Zhang seems to have written such a small story in an article, saying that one summer when he was about twenty years old, he was fetching water in the water cellar and accidentally dropped the bucket in the cellar, and this needed a kind of hook to catch the bucket, so he went to a nearby family, and there was a little daughter-in-law and a big girl in the family, and he said: "Can you lend me your hook to use?" But the other party did not answer, just ate and laughed. He just couldn't figure out what was going on, and it wasn't until several years later that he understood that "hook" originally referred to ass in the north.
Mr. Zhang borrowed someone's ass, and people smiled at him, of course, he was polite to him. But Mr. Zhang said, later, he often thought of the big girl and the little daughter-in-law, they both had thick eyebrows and big eyes, neither fat nor thin, and looked very good when he smiled, and this became his standard for distinguishing whether a woman was beautiful or not.
This is the impact of experience, and experience can hardly escape the traces of the region. The story was thus presented, one by one, in pieces, just like the villages and forts in Ningxia and even the west, inconspicuous, but full of fresh life. A group of people's stories, the life of a piece of land, was seen and recorded by a person, and remembered so well that people would not easily forget it, and even if this person did what he should do, it was meaningful.
Mr. Zhang is like this, he wrote down Ningxia and even the west with heart, with affection, with life, showing Ningxia and even the west, he took Ningxia and even the west as the carrier, completed the work that few people can complete, realized the value of survival, it is true, objective, but also full of sadness and romance, therefore, his book will always be in the land of Ningxia and even the west, always in the hearts of those who love Ningxia and even the west and live in Ningxia and even the west. And this, what is ingested is the essence of Ningxia and even the west, like Baozi.
history. Fort. In Ningxia, desolation can actually be used to make money, because money, like dirt, is yellow most of the time. Forts, history, at this time, they are not just military establishments invented by Ming Chengzu. Ningxia and even the west, the soil and culture are all wealth, eternal wealth, not only let people live decently, but also can warm their hearts. (Text/Lu Sheng)