Wuhu Chaohua is a period of suffering history of the ancient Chinese nation. As for the causes of the Wuhu Chaohua incident, although there are factors that the ethnic minorities have been oppressed by the feudal ruling class for a long time, what is more important is that the organizational structure of the ruling class in the Western Jin Dynasty is full of loopholes, and the internal long-term struggle for power and power has been wasted, resulting in the inability of the imperial court to control the situation, resulting in frequent disturbances and continuous expansion. In the end, the Hu people were able to take advantage of the void.
In detail, the bane of the Five Hu Chaohua was laid after the founding of the Western Jin Dynasty. And this process is long and complex.
First of all, after the founding of the Western Jin Dynasty, the founding emperor Sima Yan made many princes and nobles kings and let them defend the capital division. This strategy was originally intended to prevent Sima Shi's regime from being overridden by powerful ministers. As a result, the conspirators in the Sima clan, who held real power, repeatedly put down coups and massacred each other, which eventually led to the Rebellion of the Eight Kings. The Western Jin Dynasty lacked a strong figure to control the overall situation, resulting in the inability to suppress the Rebellion of the Eight Kings in time after the outbreak. Later, the Korean program collapsed, the national strength was empty, and the foreign tribes took advantage of the void.
Secondly, when Sima Yan was alive, he insisted on making Sima Zheng, an idiot son with intellectual disabilities, the crown prince. After Sima Zheng succeeded to the throne, he was unable to control the situation and became a puppet of Yang Jun, Jia Nanfeng, Sima Lun, and others. Dynastic authority changed hands repeatedly, and the prestige of imperial power was gradually lost.
Although there were many mistakes, history did not fail to give the Western Jin Dynasty a chance, but the Western Jin Dynasty failed to seize this line of vitality.
In 266, Sima Yan forced the Wei Yuan Emperor Cao Yan to succeed him as emperor and change the name of the country to Jin. Sima Yan claimed that in the early days of the emperor, he exerted great efforts to govern and made many reforms, which greatly increased the national strength of the Jin state. After Pingwu in 280 AD, after the world was in peace, the people of the Central Plains experienced nearly a century of war and chaos, and finally ushered in a stable life, but Sima Yan, the emperor of Jinwu, was not comfortable. Because the crown prince Sima Zheng was born mentally handicapped, the ministers felt that the idiot prince would not be able to become a qualified monarch in the future, so they wanted Sima Yan's younger brother Sima You the Prince of Qi to succeed him. Sima Yan's position had been stolen from Sima You, and he was worried that his ministers would rebel after his death, so he forced Sima You to die and deposed Zhang Hua, a major minister who supported Sima You. In 290 AD, Sima Yan died of illness and was succeeded by Sima Zheng as Emperor Hui of Jin. At this time, Emperor Hui was thirty-one years old, but he had intellectual disabilities, and the government was controlled by Empress Yang's brother Yang Jun. Later, Empress Jia Nanfeng joined forces with Sima Liang, the king of Runan, and Sima Wei, the king of Chu, to launch a coup d'état and kill Yang Jun. Authority fell into the hands of Sima Liang and Tai Baobao. In order to seize power, Jia Nanfeng designed to instruct the Wei general Sima Wei, the King of Chu, to kill Sima Liang and Wei Wan. The government and the opposition shook, and the situation was out of control. Zhang Hua, who was later promoted to the post of Young Fu the Prince of Huanhuai, gave Jia Nanfeng a plan to kill Sima Wei to calm the anger of the people. Jia Nanfeng only temporarily stabilized the situation after acting according to the plan. Zhang Hua was also greatly rewarded for this.
Jia Hou was a fierce and dangerous person, and she took charge of the dictatorship of the dynasty, causing the government to be depressed. Although Zhang Hua had helped Jia Nanfeng, he was from the perspective of maintaining the stability of imperial power, not from the same page as Jia Nanfeng. Zhang Huashi often exhorted Jia Nanfeng in various ways to abide by the way of women and practice benevolence and righteousness to assist Emperor Hui. Although the other ministers who assisted Zhang Hua in the government were all relatives of Jia Hou and had selfish intentions, in the general sense, they also understood that Jia Nanfeng's misuse of power would cause the collapse of the country, so they also joined Zhang Hua in advising Jia Nanfeng. Jia Nanfeng did not dare to be too arbitrary. In the last year of Yuan Kang, one of the auxiliary ministers fell out of favor with Jia Hou and died of grief, greatly weakening the power to restrain Jia Hou. Jia Mi (Jia Chong's grandson), who had always been in cahoots with Jia Hou, exercised power and designed to frame Prince Huanhuai.
Unlike his idiot father Sima Zheng, Prince Huanhuai was quite talented, but he was not born to Jia Nanfeng. Although the Manchu ministers and the people of the world lamented the incompetence of Emperor Hui, they all hoped that Prince Huanhuai would be able to reorganize the imperial program after he succeeded to the throne. If Prince Huanhuai really succeeds to the throne, there is a high probability that the historical disasters in the future will not appear, at least not so tragically. But history has no ifs. Jia Nanfeng regarded Prince Huanhuai as a threat and decided to get rid of him. At this critical juncture, Prince Zuowei, a close confidant of the crown prince, led Liu Bian to find Zhang Hua, intending to cooperate with Zhang Hua and launch an armed coup to stop this conspiracy. At this time, the decision on the fate of the Jin Dynasty, and even the fate of the nation, fell into the hands of Zhang Hua. Logically, Zhang Hua also knew that Jia Nanfeng's arbitrary dictatorship was endlessly harmful, but he was deeply influenced by Confucianism, cherished his reputation too much, and did not want to be charged with the following crimes by future generations, so he speculated that he did not know that Jia Hou wanted to abolish the prince.
Liu Bian opened his heart and said, "I was originally a cold and emaciated person, and I was appreciated by you, and only then did I go from a small official to today's position." I only talked to you about it because I was grateful to Dade, so why do you have doubts about me? Zhang Hua said, "If there is such a thing, what are you going to do?" Liu Bian replied, "There are many talents in the Crown Prince's Eastern Palace, and there are more than 10,000 elite soldiers. As Zaifu and a young prince, if you order the summoning of the crown prince to the dynasty, let him record the Shang Shu affairs, and depose Jia Hou in Jin Yongcheng, this is just something that can be done by two Yellow Gate attendants, and it will certainly be foolproof. ”
From this point of view, Prince HuanHuai had long been prepared for a coup d'état, and the turning point in history here was ripe, but it was lacking zhang Hua, a highly respected old minister, to preside over the situation and occupy the legal principles. But Zhang Hua rejected Liu Bian's suggestion, replying: "Now Emperor Hui is still on the throne, and the crown prince is his son." I was not appointed to assist the prince in ruling, and after suddenly appointing a prince and deposing Jia, this is no king and no father, showing the world with filial piety. Even if I could do it, I would inevitably be charged with disloyalty and filial piety. Moreover, the powerful and powerful are in the dynasty, and the authority is different, so how can I be safe and sound by giving people a pretext by this move? As a result, Zhang Hua cherished feathers too much, so that the Jin Dynasty royal court missed the opportunity to correct the chaos, and also laid the foundation for the chaotic world.