For more than two thousand years, people's research on the tombs of the Qin Emperor has not stopped. Tomb robbers coveted the Qin Emperor's mausoleum even more, and eventually ended in failure, because the Qin Emperor's tomb was too large, and the underground palace was located deep underground.
The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is the mausoleum of the first emperor in Chinese history, And was built in the first year of the reign of The King of Qin. Built in 39 years from 247 BC to 208 BC, the mausoleum covers a total area of 56.25 square kilometers, equivalent to the size of 78 Forbidden Cities.
Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum south of the mountain, east and west sides and north of the formation of three sides of the water trend, according to the mountains and water is the most important geographical features of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, at that time the total population of the Qin Dynasty was about 20 million people, and the construction of the tomb labor as many as 720,000 people.
According to historical records, qin shi huang began to order the construction of the mausoleum shortly after he succeeded to the throne at the age of 13, and until his death, the entire cemetery project was not completed.
Regarding the description of the underground palace of the Qin Emperor's mausoleum, Sima Qian's "Records of History" is very clear:
"Wear three springs, go down to the copper and make a difference, the palace looks at the hundred officials and strange artifacts, and migrates to Zang Full of Them." Order the craftsman to make a crossbow arrow, and if he has penetrated, shoot it. Mercury is used as a hundred rivers, rivers, and seas, and machine phase instilled. The upper has astronomy and the lower has geography. Take mermaid paste as a candle, and the degree of immortality will last a long time. "If the record is correct, it means that when the Qin Emperor's Tomb Underground Palace was excavated, it passed through three layers of groundwater, and the first layer of groundwater here in Xianyang was about 16 meters above the ground in ancient times."
In 1965, Guo Moruo asked archaeologists to prepare a detailed plan for the excavation of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and did an investigation and research in advance. The reason is to dig it out and carry out conservation development to avoid the destruction of nature. At the same time, the excavations and the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang formed a supporting match, forming a complete Shaanxi Huangling tourist area.
When the plan was finally reported to the State Department, it was rejected.
The most important reason is that they proposed to meet four conditions for excavating the Tomb of the Qin Emperor, and none of them was met at that time.
The four conditions are:
1. Whether the excavated cultural relics can be effectively protected;
According to historical records, there are 100 tons of mercury in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang as a large river, and mercury poison will be fatal once it is exhaled. Safe disposal of a hundred tons of mercury inside the dungeon would be a big problem. At the same time, there are also anti-theft organs such as crossbows and arrows, excavation is a very dangerous thing, and if you do not pay attention to it, the safety of the lives of archaeologists will be endangered.
And there is a high temperature anomaly above the underground palace, experts determine that there is a huge drainage project under the tomb, because Lishan is rich in groundwater resources and underground rivers, so there is a huge drainage project in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang to keep the tomb dry, which is also a problem in excavation.
Second, once the huge sealed mound is destroyed, it cannot be restored at all, which is itself a cultural relic;
Third, excavations deviate from the national cultural relics protection policy. China's cultural relics protection policy is like this, "protection first, rescue first, rational use, strengthen management", "large imperial tombs temporarily do not take the initiative to excavate";
Fourth, the excavation of the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum is too difficult, the Qin Mu Cemetery (that is, the Qin Gong No. 1 Tomb) took 10 years, and there will be many problems during the excavation, how to deal with it? These are all problems.
Has the Qinling Imperial Palace ever been excavated?
According to ancient documents, the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was disturbed on a large scale about 7 times, and there are relevant historical records in all generations. Tomb robbers include Xiang Yu, Chi Mei Jun, Shi Hu, Huang Chao, etc. There is also a legend in the "Book of Han Liu Xiang Biography" that the shepherd child accidentally burned a large number of Qin Emperor's tombs with torches in order to find sheep.
The most famous historical event of the large-scale excavation of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin was the excavation of the Qin Tomb by Xiang Yu with more than 300,000 people for more than 30 days. The "History of Gao Zu Benji" records that "Xiang Yu burned the Qin palace and excavated the first emperor to collect his belongings privately."
The "History of Gao Zu Benji" also records that "King Huai entered Qin without violence, and Xiang Yu burned the Qin palace to dig up the tomb of the first emperor, and privately confiscated his property, and committed the fourth crime." In the "Water Sutra Notes Under the Water", it is recorded that "Xiang Yu entered the customs and sent it, and 300,000 people could not be poor in transporting goods in 30 days." Kanto thieves, pinning copper. ”
The shepherd hunted for the sheep and burned it, the fire could not be extinguished for 90 days, and according to the cultural relics excavated from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, there were obvious traces of fire and destruction, so most people believed that the events recorded in the history books were true.
But more detailed studies have shown that Xiang Yu and other forces that have excavated the imperial tomb may not have found the imperial tomb underground palace.
Therefore, based on the "unprotectable", it is safer to stay in the soil and more suitable for future generations of archaeological consensus, there is basically no sound to excavate the Qin Emperor's mausoleum, and experts hope that it will lie quietly and wait for future generations to solve it.