In 1935, the land of China was facing the crisis of Japanese aggression, the three eastern provinces had fallen, and North China was in danger. In Tokyo, however, a wind of "Zun Kong" was set off. Confucian congresses, confucius offerings, building Confucius temples... He even invited Kong Zhaorun, the principal of Mingde Middle School, to "press the front". In 1937, kong Decheng, the last "derivative duke", wrote a crooked poem advocating "the same language and the same species in China and Japan", and wrote about such a "masterpiece" as "the source of the river, the river, the pearl and the si flow, and the situation is the same state is different".
Looking at this inexplicable situation, Chiang Kai-shek may have recalled the humiliating history of successive generations of derivative princes who repeatedly defected to the enemy.
Since the opening of the Yansheng Gongfu in the first year of the Reign of Emperor Renzong of Song (1038-1040), the Confucians have come to surrender to the Jin, the Mongols have come to surrender to the Mongols, shouting "Long live the Yongchang Emperor" to Li Zicheng, the Manchus have come to surrender to the Manchu Qing, the Germans have come to welcome the portrait of Wilhelm II into the Confucius Palace, Yuan Shikai's restoration has created a momentum called "ascending to the pole at an early date to comfort the people's hopes", and Zhang Xun's restoration is called "Putian Tongqing".
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek still made a wise move: he arrested kong Decheng, the last "derivative duke", to Chongqing, so as not to surrender again. However, Jiang Gong still miscalculated, and Kong Lingyu, who remained behind to guard the Compound of Confucius Palace, feasted on guests in Qufu and invited a bunch of invading Japanese troops to China. Of course, these Japanese troops were really very polite to the "holy people", and if Kong Lingyu sat down, he would not care about the major generals and lieutenant generals, and he would be eager to stand up and eat.
Kong Lingyu 1944
Behind this apparent courtesy was a sharp killing spirit, and the Japanese soldiers surrounded the Kong Mansion inside and out. Kong Lingyu can also be regarded as "helpless", can only "follow the footsteps of the ancestors", wrote a "masterpiece" such as "Reviving Oriental Culture to Destroy the Old Enemies Britain and the United States to Complete the Great East Asian Holy War", saying: "Friendly Japan ... Having set the whip first, our country should take measures to follow suit, so as to coexist and prosper together. "When it is time to participate in the war with the imperial court, it will certainly be able to become one with friends." In 1943, Kong Lingyu sent a telegram congratulating Wang Jingwei on the "third anniversary of the capital", and the telegram was extremely numb and difficult to read.
Jiang Gong really miscalculated, and should have "invited" the people of KongFu inside and out to Chongqing. The descendants of Confucius were traitors, and the "loyalty and filial piety" that had been passed down for thousands of years was easily discarded by the "moral arch" of the world's readers, which was really a big joke.
Seventy-six generations of domestic slaves, twenty-five courtiers. It is no wonder that there is such a biased evaluation of the derivative public family on the Internet, but it cannot be denied that the historical fact that the Confucius Government has existed in China for nearly a thousand years and does not seem to have made any contribution to historical progress, but has committed many evil deeds.
The knees of the "derivative princes" of the past generations were relatively soft, but the whips were relatively hard, and they were not soft on ordinary working people.
Historians often define Confucius as "the longest-lasting aristocratic landlord's estate in Chinese history", and after nearly a thousand years of operation, Confucius has owned millions of acres of land spanning five provinces. In order to preserve the value of these properties, the "YanShenggong" has accumulated a huge family property in the history of nearly a thousand years through the rewards of the imperial court, land annexation, etc., and in order to preserve the value of these properties, the owner of the Kong family "had to" choose to surrender to every possible new ruler to ensure the continuation of his family property, which is the economic motivation behind the surrender of the Yanshenggong.
Kong Lingyi 1910
In order to manage the huge family estate and farms, the Confucius Government itself was a miniature "small government", with three halls and six halls according to the model of the six ministries of the imperial court, and its jurisdiction over the clansmen, tenants, etc. even exceeded that of the local government, with the power of adjudication, arrest and so on. Even the local Zhi County of Qufu County has been held by the Kong family since the Tang Dynasty, and even if the rule was changed during the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the power of local officials was still under the Kong Family.
Therefore, Confucius is essentially a "small kingdom" that overrides local power and is independent of central power. The tenants of his subordinates were greatly oppressed like slaves. Professor Gao Wangling's research results said that the rent exploitation rate of modern landlords is actually about 30%, while the exploitation rate of Confucius is about 50% or 60%, and it also needs to bear the burden of miscellaneous taxes and fees outside the government regulations.
The article "Re-reading the History of Landlords: The Struggle of Tenants in Confucius" points out that "the tenant-tenant relationship in the 'small society' of Confucius is obviously much more tense than the tenant-tenant relationship in the corresponding external large society... In short, the tenants of Kong Province were not simply landlords, but a political monster. ”
In the special era, scholars also wrote many articles with profound critical significance. The article "Ironclad Evidence: The Reactionary Nature of the Way of Confucius and Mencius from the Perspective of the Evils of Confucius" points out: "Confucius's 'benevolence' and 'virtue' were applied to slave owners, and for the broad masses of working people, they were always lacking in morality and benevolence, and some were bloody mutilation and massacres. ”
From left are Shi Chuanxiang, Kong Fansen and Deng Jiaxian
However, we need to look at the contribution of Confucius's descendants to history dialectically. Of course, we must see the side of the derivative princes who have no loyalty and abuse the people; we must also see that there are some heroes among the descendants of the Confucius family who have made considerable contributions to history.
Kong Fansen, the 74th grandson of Confucius, is one of the 100 Chinese who have touched since the founding of New China. Before setting out to aid Tibet, he asked someone to write down a banner: "A seven-foot boy can sacrifice himself and be a ghost who dies and does not return to his hometown", bowing down to the Tibetan people for 15 years, but unfortunately died of a car accident at the age of 50, and there are only two of his relics: 8 yuan and 6 dimes; 12 suggestions for developing the Ali economy in Tibet.
"Spotlessly spotless, with two sleeves of fresh wind, regarded as the fame and fortune of the river as weak as the water of the Lion Spring; two away from Sangzi, alone in love with the snowy land, the unity of the nation is as heavy as the Gandhis Mountain." Kong Fansen represents the spiritual outlook of the descendants of the Kong family.
In addition, Professor Kong Qingdong of the Department of Chinese of Peking University, Kong Bohua, one of the four famous doctors in Beijing, actor Kong Xiangde, world-renowned pianist Kong Xiangdong, founding lieutenant general Kong Congzhou, world-renowned table tennis player Kong Linghui, Go nine-dan national player Kong Jie... These descendants of the Confucius family are making their own contributions in all walks of life.
In his later years, the last "Yan Sheng Gong" Kong Decheng
So is it the human nature of this line that is bad? I don't think so, but the derivative of this hat is fastened on anyone's head. The concerns of generations, the interests of the family, the inheritance of thousands of years of property, the moral archway that guards the context of the world's readers, when everything is pressed on you, will you change your original intention?
Just like Kong Lingyu, a traitor who surrendered to the Japanese army, and Kong Fansen, who served the people, one who has been in the lime for thousands of years, and one who has been living for hundreds of years, can the bloodline really bring about much difference to people? Definitely not. Therefore, how to derive the common line can be freely evaluated, but its branches are huge and difficult to determine.
What we should see from the case of the derivative gong is that once the power is out of control and corruption has soil, even if he is named "Yan Sheng Gong", even if he is a descendant of Kong Shengren, even if he is the "moral archway" of the people who read all over the world, his morality is easily corrupted.
What we want to avoid is the emergence of another privileged class like Confucius, and the nails nailed to the column of shame of history are the "Yan Sheng Gong", but not the descendants of the Confucius family.