Dongyang City Jinjiao chair mountain Song tomb unearthed Spring and Autumn 12 chapters photo / production
In 2009, a Song Dynasty tomb was found in Yangdawu Village, Baiyun Street, Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, during the construction of the project, and there was no epitaph in the tomb, so it was impossible to determine the name and social relationship of the owner of the tomb, but according to the tomb shape system and excavated cultural relics, it was speculated that the tomb date should be from the Southern Song Dynasty. The tomb is located on the slope of Jinjiaojiaoshan Mountain, sitting north and facing south, for husband and wife burial tomb (monogamy and concubine), the overall preservation is relatively good.
Location diagram The picture is taken from the "Cultural Relics Excavated from the Song Tomb of Dongyang Jinjiao chair mountain"
The tomb has unearthed more than 30 precious cultural relics and is currently in the collection of Dongyang Museum. Although the number of cultural relics in this batch is not large, it is of higher specification, covering many categories such as jade, gold and silver, bronze, etc., and it is the object used by the owner on weekdays. Among them, most of them are gold and silverware styles, including Ichthyosaurus amphora, silver gilt tray (together with Ichthyosaurus Binaural Marigold, a set of gold and silver wine vessels, which are masterpieces in the song dynasty gold and silverware artworks), tangled gold bracelets, silver gilt cloud dragon pattern bottles and other utensils, with hammering, engraving, welding and other processes, compared with the Tang Dynasty paper-cut flattening process, showing a distinct high-relief Song style. Judging from these artifacts, although the owner of the tomb does not know who his surname is, he should have been a local noble family before his death, with a certain social status and a solid family.
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One of the golden bamboo leaf bridge-type plutonium (recorded in the excavated cultural relics as "curly grass pattern blonde"), with an arc length of 11.6 cm and a height of 8.4 cm, should be worn daily by the hostess. The hammer on the beam of this plutonium head is engraved with a bamboo leaf pattern, and then continuously bent with thick gold wire into 15 solid flower heads, and the lower part of the bamboo leaf pattern is engraved with a fine ornament. The two ends of the gold wire are bent into a plutonium beam, converging toward the middle and extending downwards to the feet. The flower head and the beam are fixed with a fine gold wire winding knot. The whole piece is shaped like a peacock opening screen, showing the unity of the three-dimensional agility and detailed portrayal unique to the Song dynasty.
Golden bamboo leaf bridge type spring and autumn twelve chapters photo
The name "Bridge Noodles", found in the Ming Yongle Ben "Broken Gold", is a typical style in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Its style is mostly a pair of flower heads arranged side by side in an arc on the beam, which is gathered from both sides to the middle and extends downwards to the foot. Some scholars speculate according to the women's insertion in the tomb murals in the Liao and Song Dynasties, and the design inspiration for the bridge is likely to come from the insertion method of "the twelve lines of gold noodles on the head". The heads form an unfolding row, which has a sense of being one to ten. The number of flower heads on the beam is not fixed, less than ten pairs, more than thirty pairs, but most of them are singular combinations, leaving a pair of flower heads and feet in the middle of the beam to echo, which should be specially designed for symmetry and beauty. Bridges are not limited to gold and silver, and materials such as glass have also been found.
The image is taken from the first volume of "Ancient Chinese Gold and Silver Jewelry"
Whether it is the "Northern Zhou Paving" and "Wang ChaGongfu" in the above picture, or some words that cannot be clearly recognized due to their age, we can always see some small characters on song dynasty jewelry. These small prints are either located at the foot of the pin or at the beginning of the plutonium. Some represent shop numbers, some have additional engraved dates, etc. It can be seen that the jewelry of the Song Dynasty has many commodity attributes, which is a manifestation of social and economic prosperity and vitality.
Collected from "Gold and SilverWare Unearthed in Zhenjiang"
Elder Meng, a resident of Youlan, wrote in the opening preface to the Tokyo Dream:
"The carved car races on the Sky Street, the BMW races on the Royal Road, the golden green is dazzling, and the Luo Qi is fragrant." Xinsheng smiled skillfully at Liu MoHuaqu and orchestrated it at the tea house liquor store. Eight wildernesses contend, all the countries are salty, the treasures of the four seas are gathered, and all return to the city is easy...", the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty can be seen.
As for the Southern Song Dynasty, the Record of Dream Liang also describes:
"All things gather, all walks and hundreds of cities, from the outside of Hening Gate to the bottom of the GuanQiao, there is no one who does not buy and sell, and the most branches ... The most are the flowers in the official lane, the gathering of strange flying birds and phoenixes, seven treasures of pearls, jewelry flowers, crown combs and splendid embroidery, pin gold dresses, depiction collar wipes, and their craftsmanship, all of which are rare before. ”
The commercialization and marketization of clothing and jewelry in this period is unprecedented, although the Golden Crown of Chinese Clothing is not a necessity of life, but often here can feel the social prosperity, the development of craft production standards and the pursuit of decorative aesthetic trends of diversification. Compared with the Han and Tang dynasties, the population of the Song Dynasty has developed from 50 million and 60 million to more than 100 million, and the output of gold and silver has increased much compared with the Tang Dynasty (Mr. Qi Xia has made a specific analysis in the General History of China's Economy - Song Dynasty Economic Volume, and only the data is cited here).
Economic development has promoted the refinement of the social division of labor. During this period, the private production and sale of gold and silver utensils workshops are many and extensive, and consciously put shop numbers (brands) on the goods they sell, if the products produced can become "fashionable", they can be widely sought after, marketed in many places, and the craftsmen who make gold and silverware, some can even go to various places to make and process for people, the way is very flexible and diverse.
A seemingly simple Song-style bridge brings us back to the Great Song Dynasty a thousand years ago. Regardless of whether the great Song Dynasty was "poor and weak" or "unprecedented prosperity", the elegant taste and aesthetics of the Song people are undoubtedly increasingly admired by today's people. At that time, the inlaid large colored gemstones on the jewelry of later generations had not yet formed a custom, and the Song women preferred to dress flowers and flowers, chasing all kinds of "fashion", or wearing "golden flowers" or inserting "silver leaves", or "lychees, melons, butterflies, mandarin ducks", just like the hostess of the Song Tomb on the Golden Chair Mountain, tasting the aesthetics of life and the changes of the times in daily life.
Dongyang Jinjiao chair mountain Song tomb unearthed part of the jewelry Spring and Autumn Twelve Chapters photographed
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【Reference】
1. Lü Haiping, "Cultural Relics Excavated from the Song Tombs of Jinjiaojiaoshan Mountain, Dongyang", "Oriental Museum" (39)
2. Diao Wenwei Weng Xuehua, "Song Tomb in Changjing Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province", Cultural Relics, 2004(08)
3. Yang Zhishui Ancient Chinese Gold and Silver Jewelry, Volume 1 Palace Press
4. Zhenjiang Museum "Gold and Silver Artifacts Unearthed in Zhenjiang" Cultural Relics Publishing House
5. (Song) Meng Yuanlao wrote Yi Yongwen Notes "Tokyo Dream Hualu Notes" Zhonghua Bookstore
6. Lacquer Xia, "General History of China's Economy- Economic Volume of the Song Dynasty", Economic Daily Press