As we all know, Confucius and the Confucianism he represents are the "Guoxue" that has been respected by successive emperors since the Han Dynasty, why, because what Confucius said spoke to the hearts of rulers, whether the birds in their hearts are birds or not, but to govern the world well, it is really impossible to leave Confucius's set.
Confucius has been enshrined as a classic by successive rulers as a saying, "The people can make it, but they cannot make it know." That means that the more stupid and foolish the people are, the better they are, and once the people understand everything, there will be chaos in the world and the country will not be able to deal with the country. To sum it up in two words is "fools." The two words "fool" are very abstract, how to do fool people, specifically, it is a forbidden book.
Although Qin Shi Huang did not have much knowledge, he was well versed in the way of fooling the people, not only burning books but also pit Confucianism, erasing the head of the book writer, and drawing a salary from the bottom of the pot. Therefore, Qin Shi Huang made a bad start, allowing China to enter the era of a single flower from a hundred schools of thought.
Therefore, the rulers of all generations are masters of forbidden books, and when the emperor banned books in the five generations, the books of astronomers could not be read, and the books of LaoZi Zhuangzi could not be read. During the Song Dynasty, the emperor carried forward the forbidden books, and all the books that fought wars could not be read, for fear that people would learn from Zhao Kuangyin and engage in mutinies, and later Su Shi and Wang Anshi's books could not be read, for fear that people would change the law.
After Zhu Di came to power in the Ming Dynasty, the books of the opposition were all banned books, and those who read them were fined.
It can be seen that in order to stabilize the country, the emperor's prohibition of books is the norm. By the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the prohibition of books was not only forbidden, almost extinct, the degree of extinction of Chinese culture was no less than that of Qin Shi Huang's book burning pit Confucianism, and its destructiveness was a hundred times greater than that of the Yangzhou Massacre after the Qing soldiers entered the customs.
However, this cultural catastrophe of the Qing Dynasty has always been praised by many people with ulterior motives or people who do not know the truth, the main reason is that the cultural slaughter of the Qing Dynasty was carried out in the name of saving culture, which was extremely deceptive and blinded many people whose brains were in the water.
Why the Manchus and not other dynasties?
Because first, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was a foreign race at that time, they did not have a long history, they did not have a splendid culture, they ruled a nation with a long history and splendid culture, they were weak in heart and inferior.
Second, because they are tyranny imposed by the minority over the majority, they face great pressure. So many Han Chinese were like a big volcano that could erupt at any time, and the Manchu Emperor was like sitting on a crater. To sit back and relax, the fire must be extinguished, and cultural extinction is the best way to do it.
In order to make the massacre more gentle, in order not to provoke a fierce reaction from the Han people, Qianlong dug out his mind and gave the massacre a nice name: rescuing the endangered Chinese culture, mobilizing the whole country, and compiling the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book".
In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), the compilation of the Siku Quanshu began, first of all, a large-scale inventory of books throughout the country. Qianlong's supreme instructions were issued and sent to county-level officials, and Qianlong's instructions said: The previous books were too arbitrary, the author could write whatever he wanted, no one censored them, there were many wrong views, the position problems were not small, there must be political errors, such books are not shallow, mislead people's children, and affect national unity. Officials at all levels must take a firm stand, keep a sober mind, be unceremonious about such garbage books, destroy all of them, and not leave a single copy.
In order to better carry out the destruction operation, Qianlong also set up reporting boxes in various localities to severely punish officials who violated the law and those who secretly stored books.
After the supreme instructions were issued, the whole country began to destroy books, and those that could be sold or not sold were all burned, and the officials were afraid of losing their black hats, so they simply burned all the ancient books that could be burned, so as not to make mistakes.
It is worth mentioning that in that vigorous book sales campaign, the most active performance was performed by Han officials, whose enthusiasm surpassed that of Manchu officials and were commended by Qianlong.
Liu Yong, the governor of Hunan (that is, Liu Luoguo in the TV series "Zai Xiang Liu LuoGuo"),also played it, saying that although the "History of Qiao History" was a fragment of the novel, Yu Wu did not take advantage of the name of this dynasty, and should be offended. ''' should be destroyed.
In July 1782, Inspector Hao Shuo of Jiangxi handed over 12 kinds of books, including the Jingzhong Zhuan and the Complete Biography of Yue Yue, featuring Yue Fei.
Compared with the Han officials who sold themselves for glory, the talents and gentry of the people everywhere resolutely resisted the book sales movement, and the scale of the boycott was far greater than that of the shaved hair of the Qing Dynasty. For shaving is a form, and destroying books is destroyed from the soul; they either risk their lives to hide books or risk their lives to write in the hope that the executioner will get away with it. Of course, Qianlong showed no mercy to the acts of resistance in various localities and all parts of the country, resolutely suppressing them and killing them.
According to incomplete statistics, in the cultural catastrophe carried out in the name of compiling the "Four Libraries and Complete Books", tens of thousands of people were killed for violating the relevant laws in various places, and the actual number was much higher than this number.
Even Han officials who were willing to serve as slaves in order to destroy their own culture would be punished with capital punishment if they made a slight mistake in the compilation. There was an official in charge of the chief proofreader surnamed Lu in the Siku Quanshu, and because of the "falsehood of the book", the Qianlong Emperor was very angry when he saw it.
The emperor was angry, and the consequences were very serious. This old Lu was dismissed from his post and imprisoned, and later killed his head and raided his home, ordering him to pay hundreds of thousands of taels of silver for the binding costs of the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book". This shows how miserable the fate of those who resisted the sale of books will be, and I do not know how those who sang the praises and praises for Qianlong's compilation of the "Four Libraries" would feel when they saw it.
The compilation process of the Siku Quanshu lasted for 19 years, and the book sales movement also lasted for more than a decade. During this catastrophe, countless books were burned, and during this period, the Qing court destroyed nearly 3,000 kinds of books, more than 600,000 or 700,000 volumes, and countless of them without statistics. Among them, the majority of them are collected books, and the history books are also "the disaster was tragic".
Historian Wu Han once said: ''The Qing Dynasty revised the Siku Quanshu, and the ancient books died! ''
Some people say that Qianlong is to save Chinese culture, but does Chinese culture really need to be rescued? Those really good books don't need to be rescued. Those who like it will pass it on even if they copy it by hand. Most of the post-60s and post-70s have had the experience of copying books, why should they copy, because it looks good, and they usually can't see it if they want to.
Isn't Zhang Yang's "Second Handshake" the one you came and went to be caught on fire?
On the other hand, a bad book, no matter how to rescue, will eventually die. Just like the more than 40,000 poems created by Qianlong himself, how many poems have been handed down by Jun Visible?
Qianlong, the emperor' old son, did not understand that the human body can be imprisoned, the human mind cannot be imprisoned, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty that Qianlong calculated for the organs will never be able to do it for thousands of generations.